三唑磷短期暴露对翡翠贻贝的毒性效应

采用半静态毒性试验方法研究了三唑磷（triazophos,OP）短期暴露下对翡翠贻贝（Perna viridis）的毒性效应。结果显示,在OP胁迫下,翡翠贻贝内脏团和外套膜超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性在胁迫前期均被抑制,随时间延长活性被诱导。低质量浓度0P（0．4mg·L^-1和2mg·L^-1）使翡翠贻贝内脏团和外套膜谷胱甘肽-S转移酶（GST）活性先降低后升高;高质量浓度（10mg·L^-1）GST活性降低。OP能诱导还原型谷胱甘肽（GSH）的产生,而高质量浓度（10mg·L^-1）也能抑制GSH产生。受0P胁迫影响,翡翠贻贝内脏团和外套膜丙二醛（MDA）均升高。内脏团总抗氧化能力（T—AOC）显著降低;而外套膜T—AOC会被OP所诱导。转入清水恢复72h后仅外套膜MDA有所恢复。结果表明OP短期暴露会对翡翠贻贝抗氧化系统造成损伤。     

翡翠贻贝血淋巴细胞亚群鉴定及相关免疫功能的流式细胞分析

为更好地了解翡翠贻贝血淋巴细胞的免疫功能和拓展该贝类在环境免疫学中的应用,本研究调查了其血淋巴细胞亚群分类,并运用流式细胞术分析了各个亚群的相关免疫功能。结果显示,在翡翠贻贝的血淋巴中主要存在3种血淋巴细胞,包括粒细胞、半粒细胞(分大小2种)和透明细胞。粒细胞占细胞总数的40.4%±8.4%,直径(7.49±1.32)μm,细胞内部充满颗粒;半粒细胞占34.6%±9.4%,直径(12.45±2.21)μm,内部含有部分颗粒,其中小半粒细胞直径(6.64±1.05)μm;透明细胞占15.6%±4.8%,直径(4.69±1.01)μm,细胞内部基本无颗粒。流式细胞分析显示,粒细胞在吞噬作用上最为活跃,粒细胞和半粒细胞在非特异性酯酶和活性氧分子产量上没有差异,均高于透明细胞。透明细胞在吞噬活性、酶活性和活性氧分子产量上均显著低于其他两类细胞,且细胞死亡率显著高于其他两类细胞。流式细胞术显示,在翡翠贻贝中,粒细胞是参与免疫防御的主要血淋巴细胞。     

翡翠贻贝双酶水解法的建立

研究了双酶法水解技术水解翡翠贻贝并制作海鲜调味料。研究结果表明：（１）水产品快速自溶技术不能应用于翡翠贻贝贝肉蛋白的水解;（２）翡翠贻贝贝肉蛋白可以用外源酶对其水解;（３）枯草杆菌中性蛋白酶和胃蛋白酶都可以对贝肉蛋白水解;（４）利用正交试验分别确定了两种酶的最适水解条件并用双酶法水解新技术对贝肉蛋白水解;蛋白质水解率达到８２％;（５）试验中确定的酶的水解条件为枯草杆菌中性蛋白酶：ｐＨ７．５,温度４     

Differential growth of the brown mussel,Perna perna (Linnaeus, 1758), in longline and pole cultures in Dakhla Bay (SW Morocco,Atlantic Ocean)

There is a great interest in establishing mussel farming in Dakhla bay. Selection of suitable sites is more meaningful only if a reliable culture method at proposed site is included. We compared two different culture methods, longline and pole, over 1 year (June 2016 to June 2017). Growth indicators for Perna perna (size and weight growth rates, frequency distributions and estimating growth curves) were analysed from seeding to harvest. The results highlighted the influence of culture method on growth rates of mussels (p < 0.05). At harvest, individuals reared on longline presented higher growth rates and consequently reached greater weight and length values than those reared on pole. Mussels reared at the longline grew 73.2 mm and gained 53.5 g W_L (live weight) and 3.3 g W_t (tissue dry weight) after 12 months of cultivation. However, mussels cultured at the pole gained only 52.3 mm, 26.7 g W_L and 1.6 g W_t. Aerial exposure of mussels at low tides could explain this reduced performance on pole compared with longline. Size frequency distributions at harvest fitted bimodal distribution in both cultures due to an asymmetric competition among individuals. Effect of density started in both treatments after 7 months of culture when mussels reached 60–70 mm, implying an increment of their food and space requirements. To prevent overcrowding, the initial density should have been reduced through “thinning‐out.” The longline method exhibited high‐performance growth and hence is highly recommended for cultivation of P. perna in Dakhla bay.     

0#柴油水溶液对翡翠贻贝CYP4基因表达的影响研究

在室内半静水的试验条件下,应用实时荧光定量PCR技术研究了不同质量浓度（0μg·L-1、5μg·L-1、10μg·L-1、50μg·L-1和100μg·L-1）的0。柴油水溶液（WSF）胁迫15d和清洁海水恢复7d中翡翠贻贝（Pernaviridis）外套膜与内脏团组织中CYP4基因的相对表达水平变化。2-△△Ct法分析结果表明,CYPd基因在翡翠贻贝外套膜和内脏团中均有表达,WSF胁迫对其表达水平有明显的诱导作用,且表达水平具有组织差异性;内脏团表达水平明显高于外套膜,两组织CYP4基因相对表达水平随着WSF胁迫时间的延长,整体呈现出先诱导后抑制再诱导的波动变化趋势,其中50μg·L-1浓度组表现最为显著（P〈0．01）。WSF胁迫解除后外套膜与内脏团CYP4基因相对表达水平迅速下降,部分浓度组逐渐恢复到正常水平。     

北方沿海翡翠贻贝人工育苗技术研究

于2011、2012年,在大连对翡翠贻贝Perna viridis室内人工育苗技术进行了初步研究,成功培育出壳长为4.5～10.0 mm的稚贝6 500万个。比较了不同培育密度(5、10、15、20、30、50个/mL)和饵料种类(小球藻、湛江等鞭金藻和小球藻与湛江等鞭金藻的混合饵料)对翡翠贻贝幼虫生长的影响,并分析了在4种附着基(聚乙烯网片、波纹板、聚乙烯网衣、聚乙烯吊绳)和无附着基条件下的采苗效果。结果表明:随着培养密度的增大,幼虫生长速度下降,存活率减小,变态率降低,变态时间延迟;在室内幼虫培育期间,用小球藻与等鞭金藻的混合饵料比单一饵料的投喂效果理想,单一饵料投喂中等鞭金藻效果较好;在幼虫变态过程中,聚乙烯网片的采苗效果最理想,其次为波纹板,无附着基的采苗效果最差。     

水溶性石油烃组分对翡翠贻贝的毒性效应研究

在室内半静水的实验条件下,将翡翠贻贝（Pernaviridis）分别暴露于0．005、0．010、0．050、0．100mg·L-。的0#柴油水溶液（WSF）中,在污染后l、3、7、15d取样,于15d后转入清洁海水中进行7d污染释放试验,在18、22d采样。测定内脏团和外套膜丙二醛（MDA）、还原型谷胱甘肽（GSH）含量、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）和谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶（GST）活性。结果表明,高剂量组（0．100、0．050mg·L^-1）暴污的翡翠贻贝内脏团和外套膜SOD活性和MDA含量变化比低剂量组（0．005mg·L^-1）显著（P〈0．01）,整个暴露过程中呈现先抑制后诱导再抑制的波动变化趋势,无明显的剂量-时间-效应关系。WSF暴露初期,内脏团组织中GSH含量和GST活性反应灵敏且受到抑制,此后受到明显诱导而升高,在暴露第7d达到最大值并显著高于空白组（P〈O．01）。外套膜各剂量组GSH含量和GST活性存在此消彼长的趋势,剂量-时间效应明显。污染解除后,4种生理指标均缓慢恢复至空白对照组水平。     

翡翠贻贝多糖抑制流感病毒在鸡胚中增殖的研究

采用血凝滴度法研究翡翠贻贝多糖(PVPS)对鸡胚培养甲型流感病毒的抑制作用;通过联合给药试验研究PVPS对利巴韦林抗流感病毒的协同效应。与病毒对照组比较,PVPS各剂量组的血凝滴度降低差异极显著(P<0.01)。与利巴韦林组及同剂量PVPS单独给药组相比,联合给药组的血凝滴度降低差异极显著(P<0.01),且0.85相似文献   

Feeding behaviour of green mussels,Perna viridis farmed in Marudu Bay,Malaysia

The green mussel, Perna viridis is known to have the ability to selectively ingest certain suspended particles from water. However, the preferential ingestion of specific phytoplankton taxa by P. viridis under different environmental conditions is not well understood. A study was undertaken to identify the phytoplankton taxa that are preferentially ingested and rejected by P. viridis in different environmental conditions at Marudu Bay, Malaysia. Phytoplankton abundance and composition in stomach and surrounding waters were determined microscopically. The gonad development stages of P. viridis and various environmental parameters of the bay including temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, current speed, pH, visibility, chlorophyll a, nutrients concentration and suspended particles were also determined. Results of current study demonstrated that selective ingestion in P. viridis was mainly influenced by seston concentration, phytoplankton abundance and composition. At high seston concentration with low phytoplankton abundance, P. viridis selectively ingested Coscinodiscus spp. In contrast, P. viridis was found to ingest wider range of phytoplankton at low seston concentration and high phytoplankton abundance. Interestingly, Chaetoceros spp. and Bacteriastrum spp. were selectively rejected by P. viridis in both high and low seston conditions. Nevertheless, no selective ingestion behaviour was evidenced in low seston with low phytoplankton conditions. Besides phytoplankton, zooplankton has also contributed significantly in the diet of P. viridis, where high numbers of copepod and bivalve larvae were found in the stomach. The findings of current study can be useful in determining potential farming sites for green mussel in future.