基于分位数回归的大西洋中部公海大眼金枪鱼(Thunnus obesus)栖息环境综合指数

摘要：2001年7月4日-10月27日，中国水产总公司所属的3艘大洋性超低温金枪鱼延绳钓渔船对大西洋中部公海海域进行金枪鱼渔业调查。本文根据所获得的渔场环境、作业参数、渔获统计等数据，应用栖息地适应性指数（habitat suitability index, HSI）模型并结合分位数回归分析方法分别对有关水层（60m为一层）及总渔获率与温度、盐度和相对流速等环境因素的关系并考虑其不同的影响权重及交互作用建立了数值模型，根据该模型计算大眼金枪鱼的栖息环境综合指数(HEII)，利用MarineExplore4.0绘制大眼金枪鱼HEII指数等值线分布图。结果显示：（1）180～240m水层中，中部海区的 指数分布较高（高于0.6），其他海区分布较低（小于0.6）；（2）240～300m水层中，6ºN以南的海区 分布较高（高于0.6），以北的海区分布较低；（3）300～360m水层中，仅南部部分海区（4ºS，23ºW附近） 分布较高，其他大部分海区分布很低（低于0.3）；（4）7ºN以南的大部分海区 指数分布较高（高于0.6），仅在部分较小海区（5ºN，22ºW、2ºS，17ºW和2ºS，23ºW的附近）内 指数分布低于0.5。 关键词：大眼金枪鱼；栖息环境综合指数；分位数回归；大西洋中部公海     

大西洋海域大眼金枪鱼年龄与生长的初步研究

根据2001年6~10月在大西洋海域金枪鱼延绳钓渔业中采集的89 ind大眼金枪鱼样本,对其叉长、体重进行测定,并以脊椎骨作为年龄鉴定材料。结果表明,叉长组成为85~186 cm,体重组成为11.5~132.5kg,年龄为2~6龄。体重与叉长关系式为W=4.5026×10-5×FL2.8200。利用一般Von Bertalanffy生长方程来拟合,叉长和体重生长方程为:FL=257.90×(1-e-0.1960(t+3.7919))2.5933,Wt=284.28×[(1-e-0.1960(t+3.7919))2.5933]2.8200。叉长和体重的生长拐点分别为1.07龄和5.75龄。     

太平洋牡蛎控温育苗高产技术

介绍了太平洋牡蛎亲贝的选择和促熟，获卵与孵化，幼虫发育和培育技术，以及附苗和单体牡蛎苗种生产方法。     

The Potential for the Restoration of Marine Ornamental Fish Populations Through Hatchery Releases

Populations of tropical and subtropical marine fish are being depleted worldwide to supply increasing demands of the aquarium industry and fresh seafood market. Overfishing and destructive harvest techniques have left some marine fish populations virtually extirpated in a number of primarily underdeveloped countries. In situations where only small remnant populations and significantly degraded habitat remain, population recovery even under the complete absence of collection will be slow, with the high potential for population loss due to natural environmental and recruitment variability. Stock enhancement, supplementing natural recruitment with hatchery produced fry, has the potential to significantly increase the rate of population recovery while maintaining population vigor.Stock enhancement research on Pacific threadfin has demonstrated measurable positive impacts on recreational and commercial fisheries for this species in experimental scale releases; similar successes can be expected for enhancement efforts directed toward species of ornamental value. The major technological barrier to ornamental fish enhancement, the development of appropriate culture capabilities, is being addressed in research directed to the commercial production of fish for the aquarium trade.     

Stream crossings and the conservation of diadromous invertebrates in South Pacific island streams

• 1. Most non‐insect invertebrates that occur in streams on tropical Pacific islands are diadromous; they live as juveniles and adults in streams but have larvae that migrate to the ocean to complete their development before returning to fresh water.
• 2. The type of crossing used in the construction of roads to traverse small streams can impede upstream migration and, consequently, colonization of diadromous fauna above the stream crossing.
• 3. A stream in the Opunohu Valley, Moorea, French Polynesia, had the same diadromous fauna of atyid shrimps, palaemonid prawns, and neritid snails occurring above and below an 8 m wide, 10 m long, bottomless culvert (i.e. an open‐bottom bridge) built to flow over natural substrates. However, no diadromous species were found upstream of two 1 m diameter, 8 m long concrete pipes used for a culverted stream crossing. The increased shear stress in the pipe and subsequent downstream erosion of the stream bed probably inhibited upstream migration.
• 4. Modifications to culverted stream crossings, which are widely used on tropical islands, can reduce migration barriers and prevent upstream loss of diadromous stream fauna.

Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Supplementation of potassium, magnesium and sodium chloride in practical diets for the Pacific white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei, reared in low salinity waters

The culture of Litopenaeus vannamei in inland low salinity waters is currently being practiced in various countries around the world. These environments are often deficient in key ions essential for normal physiological function, including potassium (K⁺) and magnesium (Mg²⁺). Farmers have sometimes been able to counteract ionic deficiencies in the water profile by adding mineral salts containing sources of K⁺ and Mg²⁺. The purpose of this study was to explore the possibility of correcting deficiencies of K⁺ and Mg²⁺ in the water profile with dietary supplementation of these minerals. Two separate 7‐week experiments were conducted in 4.0 g⁻¹ artificial low salinity water to evaluate the effects of mineral supplements (K⁺, Mg²⁺ and NaCl) to diets of L. vannamei reared in low salinity waters. In trial 1 seven diets were formulated (10 g NaCl kg⁻¹, 20 g NaCl kg⁻¹, 150 mg kg⁻¹ Mg²⁺, 300 mg kg⁻¹ Mg²⁺, 5 g K⁺ kg⁻¹, 10 g K⁺ kg⁻¹, and a basal diet to serve as a control). Minerals were added in the form of purified potassium chloride (KCl), magnesium chloride (MgCl₂·6H₂O) and NaCl. Trial 2 evaluated the use of a coating agent for the Mg²⁺ and NaCl treatments, while a K⁺ amino acid complex was utilized in the K⁺ treatments to reduce mineral leaching. Trial 2 was performed using similar treatment levels as trial 1. Shrimp survival and growth were assessed in both experiments. Results from trial 1 indicated no significant differences in survival, growth or percent weight gain. Results from trial 2 revealed no significant differences in survival and growth in the NaCl and Mg²⁺ treatments. However, significant differences in growth (P < 0.05) were observed when using the 10 g K⁺ kg⁻¹ treatment, suggesting that dietary supplementation of a K⁺ amino acid complex may help improve growth of the species in low salinity waters.     

Physical and biological consequences of a climate event in the central North Pacific

Climatic changes over the North Pacific which began in the mid 1970s, peaked in the early 1980s, and ended by the late 1980s, appear to have altered productivity at various trophic levels in the marine ecosystem in the central North Pacific. The climatic change resulted in increased mixed layer depth and the frequency of deep mixing events, particularly during January-March. A number of biological time series for species ranging from primary to apex levels in the North-western Hawaiian Islands, show corresponding declines in productivity of 30–50% from the early 1980s to the present. We hypothesize that during the early 1980s, increased mixing due to the climate event resulted in greater nutrient input into the euphotic zone and ultimately increased ecosystem productivity. Productivity over a range of trophic levels declined when the climate event ended.     

印度洋东部黄鳍金枪鱼的渔业生物学

根据在印度洋东部海域的延绳钓生产实践 ,对所渔获的黄鳍金枪鱼 (Thunnus albacares)群体的构成、繁殖等基本生物学特征进行了初步探讨。结果显示 ,渔获黄鳍金枪鱼纯重范围为 10～75 kg,叉长范围为 80～ 15 0 cm,纯重、叉长关系为 W=1.5 2 7× 10 -5L3,渔获构成月间变化明显 ,不同年龄个体性成熟与繁殖节律差异显著     

Elemental analysis of otoliths of Japanese anchovy: trial to discriminate between Seto Inland Sea and Pacific stock

The ability to discriminate local stocks of Japanese anchovy Engraulis japonicus was assessed based on data from four elements (K, Na, P, and Sr) using an electron probe micro analyzer (EPMA) and data from three elements (Ba, Mn, and Sr) using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) from the otoliths of 40 anchovy (23.6–47.0 mm body length). Anchovy were caught at three sites (Aki-nada, Hiuchi-nada, and Osaka Bay) in the Seto Inland Sea, and one site (Kuroshio extension) in the Pacific Ocean in 2002. In order to discriminate different spawning grounds, EPMA data from the core portion (from core to 30 μm in the core-posterior axis) were used. Results showed that it was difficult to discriminate between the Seto Inland Sea and the Pacific anchovy by EPMA data. Conversely, it was possible to discriminate between the Seto Inland Sea and the Pacific anchovy by ICP-MS data from bulk otoliths. Our results showed that Mn contents of otoliths using ICP-MS discriminate between spawning grounds most, and Ba and Sr discriminate less. The difference in elemental compositions in anchovy otoliths between the Seto Inland Sea and the Pacific Ocean might be reflected by cumulative experienced elemental composition of ambient sea water during life history between the Seto Inland Sea and the Pacific anchovy.