基于4D label-free技术的水稻成熟种子蛋白质组学研究

【目的】从蛋白水平揭示水稻种子成熟的分子基础，探究调控水稻种子成熟的关键蛋白和代谢通路。【方法】选用授粉后30 d的成熟水稻种子，利用4D label-free定量蛋白质组学进行质谱鉴定，通过生物信息学技术分析蛋白的亚细胞定位、结构域、GO注释和KEGG通路注释。【结果】总共鉴定了3 484个种子成熟期的蛋白，相对分子质量大多在10 000～100 000之间，主要分布于细胞质、细胞核、叶绿体、线粒体和质膜上；结构域主要涉及蛋白质翻译的RNA识别基序和蛋白磷酸化修饰的蛋白激酶结构域；GO分析表明，成熟种子的蛋白主要参与了细胞过程和代谢过程，主要涉及催化活性和结合等功能，大多分布在细胞、细胞组分、细胞器和细胞膜等部位；KEGG分析发现，蛋白主要富集在核糖体、内质网中的蛋白质加工、氧化磷酸化和糖酵解等途径，推测蛋白质的翻译、加工和能量代谢是水稻种子成熟期的主要分子事件；进一步鉴定了脱落酸(Abscisic acid,ABA)信号和吲哚乙酸(Indoleacetic acid,IAA)代谢的相关蛋白，同时也发现了NAC(NAM、ATAF1/2和CUC2)家族的转录因子。【结论】贮藏物质的积累...     

种植年限对健康三七根际土壤微生物活性和功能的影响

为研究种植年限对健康三七根际土壤微生物活性和功能的影响，以种植一年和二年的健康三七根际土为研究对象，采用荧光素二乙酸酯水解法、实时荧光定量PCR及Biolog微平板法等技术手段分析土壤微生物活性、氮素循环功能基因丰度、碳源代谢活性及其功能多样性。结果表明，与未种植过三七的土壤相比，三七种植能够显著提高土壤微生物的活性、氮素循环功能基因丰度(nifH和细菌amoA)、碳源代谢活性及其功能多样性，且随着种植年限的增加，健康三七根际微生物活性及其功能逐渐增强。同时，种植年限能够改变健康三七根际微生物的碳源利用特征；但是，根际微生物对酚酸类物质的代谢能力并未随三七种植年限的增加而增加。这也从侧面说明，根际酚酸物质降解能力的不足可能是导致其积累并驱动根际微生态失衡和形成连作障碍的重要原因。这些研究结果不仅为深入了解健康三七根际微生物活性及其代谢功能特征提供了数据支撑，也为解析三七连作障碍的形成机理提供了一定的理论依据。     

脱落酸及其代谢抑制剂对玉米子粒灌浆和脱水特性的影响

以不同自然脱水速率类型玉米品种为材料,采用大喇叭口期外源喷施脱落酸(ABA)和代谢合成抑制剂,分析外源ABA及代谢抑制剂喷施对玉米产量及其构成因素、穗部性状、灌浆特征和子粒含水率等影响。结果表明,外源喷施ABA、ABA合成抑制剂和水通道抑制剂分别使玉米产量分别下降7.53%、0.37%和6.21%。喷施ABA、ABA合成抑制剂和水通道抑制剂分别增加玉米起始灌浆势25.00%、23.44%和1.56%;外源ABA使玉米最大灌浆速率出现的时间延后,最大灌浆速率降低,活跃灌浆期延长,最大灌浆速率出现时子粒质量下降。喷施ABA增加了玉米子粒含水率,ABA合成抑制剂和水通道抑制剂则降低子粒含水率。综上所述,外源ABA喷施延缓玉米子粒灌浆进程,阻碍子粒脱水;喷施ABA合成抑制剂和水通道抑制剂可加快灌浆期子粒脱水,利于实现子粒机械化收获。     

Risk of burnout and depression: A survey of veterinary anaesthesia specialists in-training during COVID-19

ObjectiveTo investigate risk, risk factors and effects on adherence to adequate clinical standards, of burnout and depression in veterinary anaesthesia residents.Study designClosed online cross-sectional survey study.Study populationA sample of 89 residents registered to the European and/or the American Colleges of Veterinary An (ae)sthesia and Analgesia out of a total of 185.MethodsA link to access an online questionnaire, which included the Maslach Burnout Inventory-Human Services Survey (MBI-HSS), the Harvard National Depression Screening Day Scale (HANDS) and 28 questions developed to assess adherence to adequate clinical standards, was sent by email to 185 residents. The three components of the MBI-HSS namely emotional exhaustion (EE), depersonalization and reduced personal accomplishment were analysed separately. Analysis of proportions and two-step regression statistical modelling were used for data analysis, and p values < 0.05 were considered statistically significant.ResultsThe response rate was 48%. Based on HANDS and MBI-HSS scores, 49% of the residents were at high risk of both depression and burnout. These residents expressed greater concern of delivering inadequate animal care (p < 0.001), of decreased quality of supervision during COVID-19 (p = 0.038) and of negative impact of the pandemic on their training programme (p = 0.002) than residents at low-to-moderate risk. Working in a clinical environment for ≥ 60 hours/week was a risk factor for both depression (p = 0.016) and EE (p = 0.022), while female sex was a risk factor for EE only (p = 0.018).Conclusions and clinical relevanceA large proportion of residents is at high risk of depression and burnout, a scenario likely worsened by the pandemic. The findings of this study suggest that reducing the clinical workload and increasing the level of support and supervision may help to improve residents’ mental health.     

苯丙酮尿症儿童膳食营养补充现状分析

苯丙酮尿症（PKU）是一种代谢异常的常染色体隐性遗传病，可引起患儿神经认知及神经运动障碍、自闭症行为、湿疹和癫痫等并发症。在治疗过程中，通过低苯丙氨酸（Phe）限制饮食的同时，还需关注患儿其他营养素缺乏的营养问题，因此开发适用于1~10岁PKU儿童的特殊医学用途氨基酸代谢障碍配方粉，对保障患儿正常生长发育具有重要意义。本文在PKU分型、饮食疗法、PKU患儿营养素缺乏等方面进行了综述，重点分析低蛋白饮食、基于游离氨基酸的特殊医学用途氨基酸代谢障碍配方粉以及详述了PKU患儿体内某些营养素的缺乏与补充，以期为PKU饮食治疗中的营养问题以及特殊医学用途氨基酸代谢障碍配方粉的开发提供理论指导与参考。