Molecular characterization and glomalin production of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi colonizing a heavy metal polluted ash disposal island, downtown Venice

In this work the arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungal communities colonizing a polluted ash dump island, downtown Venice, were studied by using a multimodal approach. The island, Sacca San Biagio, was covered with a thick layer of municipal solid waste residues produced by an incinerator operating from 1973, to 1984. Such residues contained high levels of heavy metals (Cu, Pb and Zn). We characterized the AMF communities present in soils on Sacca San Biagio island by using molecular methods. Nine AM fungal sequence types were detected in the roots of three plant species, representative of the dominant flora, by using partial SSU ribosomal RNA genes. The most abundant sequence types corresponded to Glomus intraradices/Glomus fasciculatum, and to Glo18, a sequence detected so far only in planta. Two sequences were new to science. Glomalin-related soil protein (GRSP), extracted from rhizosphere soil of dominant plant species, ranged from 1.6 to 2.3 mg g⁻¹. The occurrence of an active AM fungal community able to live in such harsh environment was evinced by the correlation between mycorrhizal colonization and GRSP content.     

倒仓破碎对缩短发酵周期后生活垃圾堆肥腐熟度的影响

为了满足日益增长的垃圾处理发展的需要,解决城市生活垃圾产生与消纳、处理之间的矛盾,以北京市南宫堆肥厂垃圾堆肥工艺和密闭隧道发酵仓为研究对象,以马家楼转运站筛分出的15-80mm粒径垃圾作为堆肥原料,以14d高温隧道发酵（不倒仓不破碎）→21d后熟化发酵→21d最终熟化发酵工艺为对照,以8d高温隧道发酵（不倒仓不破碎）→12d后熟化发酵→12d最终熟化发酵工艺为处理1,8d高温隧道发酵（第3d倒仓破碎1次）→12d后熟化发酵→12d最终熟化发酵工艺为处理2。通过不同发酵阶段采样和各类指标的测定,探求缩短堆肥发酵周期后倒仓破碎工艺对于生活垃圾堆肥腐熟度的影响。结果表明,处理1产品的腐熟度较差,处理2与对照处理的堆肥产品腐熟度差异不明显。将高温隧道发酵时间由14d缩短为8d,并且第3d倒仓破碎1次,后熟化与最终熟化时间分别由21d缩短为12d,可以在保证堆肥产品品质的基础上显著提高堆肥效率,使南宫堆肥厂的垃圾处理能力得到大幅提高,该成果为南宫堆肥工艺优化的实施和改进及其推广应用提供了技术支持。     

城市生活垃圾处置方法与综合处理前分选工艺研究现状

对我国城市生活垃圾的主要分选设备和工艺设计进行了分析,指出了我国城市生活垃圾有露天堆放、高温堆肥、卫生填埋、垃圾焚烧、综合管理等主要处置方法。在此基础上,为我国城市垃圾资源化的处理方法提供了良好的建议。     

Effect of Municipal Solid Waste Compost and Compost Tea as Fertility Amendments on Growth and Tissue Element Concentration in Container-Grown Tomato

Evaluation of fertility sources for certified organic greenhouse vegetable production is necessary for further industry growth. Two experiments tested the effects of municipal solid waste compost (MSWC) and water extract tea made from it on potted greenhouse tomatoes. The first used MSWC alone (two levels) and soil tea drench alone (three application frequencies). The second used MSWC and tea in factorial combination at three levels (0, 1×, and 2×). The greatest yield and leaf tissue potassium (K) were obtained using the greatest level combinations of compost and foliar tea spray, and this was significantly greater than conventional nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium (NPK) fertilizer yield. Tissue magnesium (Mg) was affected by compost because of the antagonism from compost K. Tea increased tissue sodium (Na). No significant differences in heavy-metal tissue concentrations were found between treatments. While MSWC is an effective soil fertility amendment, the benefits of using tea may be increased with more frequent application.     

Using Garbage Incinerator in Recycling Disposal of Fly Ash Technology Research

The technology of incinerator fly ash as the main material and the core carbonaceous reducing agent, and the necessary absorption of chlorine and catalyst made of composite pellets, Into the garbage incineration furnace temperature reduction decomposition of dioxin, heavy metal forming glassy slag. The fly ash harmless treatment, fly ash in the incineration plant in their complete closed circulation waste disposal to achieve, Provides the optimum technical route for the treatment of MSW fly ash.     

生活垃圾好氧堆肥过程中渗滤液组成的动态变化

为了解堆肥渗滤液成分及变化规律和回喷渗滤液堆肥的可能，以城市生活垃圾、青草为堆肥物料，利用自制的堆肥装置，经过12d的一次发酵，研究了好氧堆肥的主发酵阶段渗滤液的成分及其动态变化。结果表明，城市生活好氧堆肥渗滤液是一种高浓度的有机废水，具有良好的可生化性，其COD值在10000mg·L^-1左右、BOD5的含量在6000mg·L^-1左右、NH4^＋-N含量在110.01mg·L^-1左右，而且溶液呈碱性;堆肥渗滤液的BOD5、COD及NH4^＋-N浓度均低于垃圾填埋渗滤液的浓度值，但堆肥渗滤液的pH高于成熟填埋渗滤液的数值;在堆肥过程中，渗滤液中COD、浊度、NH4^＋-N、pH和电导率（EC）等指标变化剧烈，其极值出现在堆肥温度最高的时期，而且COD、浊度、NH4^＋-N和pH指标的变化规律一致，即呈现先上升后下降的趋势，而EC的变化与其相反。     

城市生活垃圾工厂化堆肥过程中理化指标的变化研究

以马家楼转运站前处理垃圾和南宫堆肥厂堆肥过程中的垃圾堆肥为研究对象,对其物理组成、营养元素及重金属等理化指标的变化进行了研究。结果表明,混合收集垃圾经马家楼转运站前处理后,只能达到粒径分选,不能使无机组分和有机组分、硬物料和轻物料分选,>60mm、<15mm和15～60mm各部分中各种垃圾组分依然存在;15～60mm的堆肥原料中,可堆腐物质含量为68.3%～82.72%。堆肥过程中,总氮呈下降趋势;钾的含量稳中有降;磷和其它营养元素(Ca、Mg、Na、Fe、Mn)含量呈增加趋势。垃圾堆肥过程中重金属的含量呈增加趋势,但腐熟堆肥中重金属Cd、Pb、Cr的含量均远远低于垃圾农用卫生标准(GB8172—87)。