Spatio-temporal distribution of sergestid shrimp Acetes intermedius in the coastal waters of southwestern Taiwan

SUMMARY: Spatio-temporal variation of the sergestid shrimp Acetes intermedius in the coastal waters of southwestern Taiwan was investigated based on 1546 samples collected by 13 commercial fishing vessels from July to October 1996. Adult sergestid shrimp started a down-estuary migration with the increased river discharge associated with heavy summer rainfall. Fishing season for this species was to commence after that. In July, the shrimp stock was found on the shallow continental shelf off Tungkang and Fangshan. They mainly aggregated in Kaoping Canyon off Tungkang during August and September occurring at very high densities. In October, the shrimp returned to the coastal waters off Tungkang and Fangshan at lower densities. The heavy rainfall is a factor that triggers the shrimps to make a down-estuary migration that could reduce competition for food between adults and their offspring during the period of high river discharge. When the northeast monsoon prevailed, the sergestid shrimp moved back to the estuaries and the fishing season was terminated.     

不同冷冻-解冻处理方式对猕猴桃品质的影响

以‘徐香’猕猴桃为原材料，系统探究不同冷冻温度（-20 ℃、-40 ℃、-50 ℃和-80 ℃）及解冻温度（4 ℃、15 ℃、25 ℃和35 ℃）组合对猕猴桃主要理化性质及香气成分的影响。结果表明：不同冷冻-解冻处理不会影响猕猴桃的色度；与鲜切猕猴桃一致，4 ℃/-50 ℃、4 ℃/-80 ℃和15 ℃/-80 ℃处理条件下猕猴桃的可溶性固形物含量均为16.0 oBrix。鲜切猕猴桃的可滴定酸和维生素C含量分别为1.22 g/hg 和45.30 mg/hg，处理后猕猴桃的可滴定酸含量为1.06~1.33 g/hg，维生素C含量降低17.62%~33.89%。不同处理后猕猴桃的多酚类物质损失率为20.44%~31.72%，且不同组合处理之间无显著差异。同时，不同处理对猕猴桃香气成分的种类和含量有一定损失，且较低的冷冻温度和解冻温度有利于香气成分的保持。综合考虑，-50 ℃/4 ℃和 -80 ℃/4 ℃冷冻-解冻组合方式可有效保持猕猴桃的品质，为猕猴桃的贮藏保鲜提供了技术支撑。     

不同盐度下饵料蛋白质含量对凡纳滨对虾生长、体成份和肝胰腺组织结构的影响

设计了蛋白质含量为20.61%、30.52%、40.43%和50.34%的4种饵料(分别为CP20、CP30、CP40和CP50),研究饵料蛋白质含量对不同盐度下(分别为低盐度LS 2、中盐度MS 22和高盐度HS 32)凡纳滨对虾[(0.0144±0.0047)g]生长、成活及体成份的影响,测定了不同处理组对虾的肝胰腺指数(HIS)和肥满度(CF),试验为期8周.结果显示:(1)盐度对凡纳滨对虾的生长、成活、肥满度和灰分含量均有显著影响(P<0.05),而对肝体指数、体粗蛋白、体粗脂肪和水分无显著影响(P0.05),中盐度组对虾各指标均最高,其次为高盐度组,低盐度组最低;中、高盐度组对虾的增重率、特殊体重(长)增长率均显著高于低盐度组对虾(P<0.05),而中、高盐度组对虾的各生长指标无显著差异(P＜0.05);(2)饵料蛋白质含量对凡纳滨对虾的各生长指标和体粗蛋白含量影响显著(P<0.05),对其它各指标影响不显著(P<0.05).各盐度下,对虾生长和体粗蛋白含量均随饵料蛋白质含量升高而升高,投喂CP20的对虾组显著低于其它各处理组(P<0.05);肥满度和肝体指数均先随饵料蛋白质含量升高至40.43%而升高,然后稍有下降;饵料蛋白质含量对各盐度下对虾成活率影响均不显著(P0.05).(3)双因素方差分析结果显示,盐度和饵料蛋白质含量,除对体灰分含量存着着显著的交互作用外(P<0.05),对其它体生化成份含量、生长及体形态指标的交互作用均不显著(P0.05).(4)饲料蛋白质含量明显影响了凡纳滨对虾肝胰腺的组织结构,投喂CP30和CP40饵料的对虾肝小体基膜完整,投喂CP40对虾的肝小体中还出现了大量的存储细胞(R细胞);而投喂CP20饵料的对虾肝小体分布松散,R细胞数量较小,并且部分肝小体基膜破损;而投喂CP50饵料的对虾的肝小体排列紧密,且B细胞内出现大量内容物质.结果提示,提高饵料蛋白质含量虽然在一定程度上加快对虾的生长速度和增加肥满度,但是并不能提高低盐底下凡纳滨对虾的成活率.饲料中蛋白质含量的不适宜,尤其是含量过低,会导致对虾肝胰腺的结构发生变化甚至发生不同程度的病理变化.     

用丰年虫卵壳制备甲壳素和壳聚糖

介绍了用丰年虫卵壳制备甲壳素及壳聚糖的方法及过程,通过傅立叶变换红外光谱仪的检测并与美国标准谱图库检索出的用蟹壳制备的壳聚糖光谱图对照,证实丰年虫卵壳制备的壳聚糖。     

Spatial integration of freshwater fish markets in the Northern Baltic Sea area

Freshwater fish species and Baltic salmon (Salmo salar) are important to small-scale fisheries in Finland and Sweden. The formerly local markets for these species have expanded as trade has been opened up to international competition. In this study we use cointegration analysis to test the spatial integration of freshwater fish markets in Finland and between Finland and Sweden. The analysed fish species are salmon, perch (Perca fluviatilis), pikeperch (Sander lucioperca), European whitefish (Goregonus lavaretus) and pike (Exos lucius), and the data covers ex-vessel prices from 1993 or 1995 to 2004. We found that the regional prices in Finland were cointegrated. This indicates that the prices are determined on a single market in Finland. Moreover, the study suggests that Finnish and Swedish markets in Baltic salmon, whitefish, pikeperch and perch were partially integrated, while integration of pike markets could not be found. The political implication is that an essential part of the local small-scale fisheries’ operational environment is determined outside the national borders.     

南方液压公司"供应商管理库存"设计与实施

供应商管理库存(VMI)是一种在用户和供应商之间的合作性策略。通过策略选择、实施目标分析及协议制定三个角度分析研究,设计实施的南方液压公司VMI模式全程方案,可有效提升南方液压公司的库存管理水平。     

The Nutritive Value and Yield of Alfalfa Cultivated on Sulphur Postmining Lands

The study was carried out on the reclaimed lands of a bore-hole sulphur mine. The cropping of two succeeding cuts of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) was determined and its chemical composition was analyzed. Alfalfa was cultivated on waste lime (flotation tailings), enriched with a humus layer. The levels of basic nutrients, total S, total F, Ca, P, Mg, K, Na, Fe and Mn were determined in alfalfa. The biomass of an average crop was 6830 kg  ha^–1 in the first cut and 14300 kg  ha^–1 in the second one. The yields of dry matter as well as of crude and true proteins were positively correlated with the phosphorus level in the dry matter of alfalfa (P < 0.01). The level of total sulphur was positively linearly correlated with the phosphorus content (P < 0.01). No harmful accumulation of sulphur or fluoride was observed. A deficiency of phosphorus in alfalfa and an abnormal Ca:P weight ratio was found. The S total level was positively correlated with N total concentration. (P < 0.01). The percentage of true protein in crude protein was negatively correlated with total sulphur (P < 0.01). The level of nonprotein nitrogen compounds was positively correlated with S total level (P < 0.01).     

对乙酰氨基酚对大鼠原代肝细胞的损伤机制

胶原酶两步灌流法获取SD大鼠的原代肝细胞,并用不同剂量的对乙酰氨基酚处理.MTT法测定肝细胞的存活率,分光光度法测定培养上清液中乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)的含量.Western blotting法测定大鼠肝细胞中细胞色素P450酶2E1(CYP2E1)的表达水平.结果表明,对乙酰氨基酚可导致肝细胞存活率降低,LDH含量显著升高,CYP2E1表达增加.说明达到一定的剂量时.对乙酰氨基酚可引起肝细胞的损伤.     

Relationship between sensory and NIR spectroscopy in consumer preference of table grape (cv Italia)

A combination of near infrared spectroscopy (NIR) instrumental measurements and sensory analysis was investigated to predict solids soluble content (SSC, assessed as Brix) and to classify preference in table grape cv Italia. SSC was monitored in each berry of whole bunches in order to evaluate intra-bunch distribution and variability. NIR spectra were recorded in the spectral region 12,000–4000 cm⁻¹ (833–2500 nm) using a set of 682 berries. The Partial Least Square (PLS) model based on cross-validation provided acceptable value for the main statistical parameters (coefficient of determination of cross-validation, r²: 0.85; standard error of cross-validation, SECV: 1.08; residual predictive deviation, RPD: 2.6) and was confirmed by external validation performed with 115 independent berries (coefficient of determination of prediction, r_p²: 0.82; standard error of prediction, SEP: 0.83). For consumer testing, the selected PLS model was used to predict the Brix value in 400 berries and Discriminant Analysis (DA) was then carried out to classify berries in terms of preference by relating NIR data to consumer judgment. The three defined preference clusters of berries were fully classified obtaining 100% membership. In cross-validation the value decreased especially for class 1 (78.5%) and 3 (75%) whereas class 2 obtained comparable values (98.7%). According to our results, NIR technology appears to be a promising technique for predicting SSC and obtaining information with regard to consumer preference in ‘Italia’ table grape for application of efficient and low cost on-line instruments in the fruit industry.     

凡纳滨对虾血蓝蛋白酚氧化酶活性的研究

试验结果表明,凡纳滨对虾血蓝蛋白在胰蛋白酶诱导下可表现出一定的酚氧化酶活性,与对照组相比,其酚氧化酶活力单位显著上升。同时,其活性可被D-半乳糖、α-葡萄糖、蔗糖、麦芽糖、甘露醇和N-乙酰神经氨酸不同程度地抑制,其抑制率分别为67%、100%、33%、33%、67%和100%。血蓝蛋白与胰蛋白酶孵育后经SDS-PAGE分析和L-Dopa显色,其75 kDa单体呈明显的棕褐色,添加抑制剂N-乙酰神经氨酸之后,其显色强度显著减弱。由此进一步证实凡纳滨对虾血蓝蛋白在胰蛋白酶诱导下确实具有酚氧化酶活性,其活性可被不同的糖所抑制,其发挥活性的单体为75 kDa单体。