Analysis of human infectious avian influenza virus: Hemagglutinin genetic characteristics in Asia and Africa from 2004 to 2009

In the present study, we used nucleotide and protein sequences of avian influenza virus H5N1, which were obtained in Asia and Africa, analyzed HA proteins using ClustalX1.83 and MEGA4.0, and built a genetic evolutionary tree of HA nucleotides. The analysis revealed that the receptor specificity amino acid of A/HK/213/2003, A/Turkey/65596/2006 and etc mutated into QNG, which could bind with á–2, 3 galactose and á–2, 6 galactose. A mutation might thus take place and lead to an outbreak of human infections of avian influenza virus. The mutations of HA protein amino acids from 2004 to 2009 coincided with human infections provided by the World Health Organization, indicating a “low–high–highest–high–low” pattern. We also found out that virus strains in Asia are from different origins: strains from Southeast Asia and East Asia are of the same origin, whereas those from West Asia, South Asia and Africa descend from one ancestor. The composition of the phylogenetic tree and mutations of key site amino acids in HA proteins reflected the fact that the majority of strains are regional and long term, and virus diffusions exist between China, Laos, Malaysia, Indonesia, Azerbaijan, Turkey and Iraq. We would advise that pertinent vaccines be developed and due attention be paid to the spread of viruses between neighboring countries and the dangers of virus mutation and evolution.     

大黑和暗黑蛴螬危害花生的防治指标研究

花生种苗期大黑蛴螬和花生生长期大黑、暗黑蛴螬的虫口密度(X)与减产率(Y)呈明显的直线正相关,其相关式苗期网池接虫为Y=0.7245 0.004X±3.3957(r=0.9520,n=39);同步模拟为Y=0.4452 0.0040X±1.3959(r=0.9661,n=28);接虫示范为Y=0.1360 0.0074X±1.5888(r=0.9800,n=4);生长期接大黑金龟甲卵为Y=1.2927 0.0042X±3.2704(r=0.8993,n=36);接暗黑金龟卵为Y=0.7308 0.0042X±2.1344(r=0.9568,n=32)。研究分析提出花生种苗期防治指标为三龄大黑蛴螬每平方米2头;生长期防治指标为每平方米大黑卵3粒,暗黑卵5粒。     

Control of air-borne field spread of tulip breaking virus,lily symptomless virus and lily virus X in lilies by mineral oils,synthetic pyrethroids,and a nematicide in the Netherlands

The inhibitory effect on the spread of viruses in lilies viz., tulip breaking virus (TBV; nonpersistently aphid-borne, potyvirus,) lily symptomless virus (LSV; non-persistently alphidborne, carlavirus), and lily virus X (LVX; potexvirus of unknown etiology), was studied of brands of mineral oil (Luxan oil H and Duphar-7E oil) and synthetic pyrethroid insecticides (l-cyhalothrin and deltamethrin), and a nematicide (aldicarb) in crops in which virus-infected plants were present as virus sources. The spread of TBV and LSV were controlled by sprays of mineral oil and insecticide, while that of LSV was also limited by the soil-applied nematicide. The spread of LVX was reduced by the insecticides and, not effectively by the mineral-oil spraying, by which data the mode of transmission may be presumed to be by an insect in the persistent or semi-persistent manner.Mixtures of mineral oil and pyrethroid were more effective in the reduction of spread of TBV and LSV than either components tested alone. The mineral oil was the most effective component in the mixtures in which pyrethroid added a slight extra effect. The addition of pyrethroid did not mask either the lower efficacy of the oil brand Duphar-7E oil, or the diminished inhibitory effect of low dosages of oil. The normal rate of mineral oil gave similar control to that of a mixture of mineral oil at half rate plus the pyrethroid at full dosage. Low rates of oil, or even synthetic pyrethroids alone may be used on cultivars which suffer of the loss of bulb weight by the use of normal or decreased rates of oil. Weekly sprays were more effective than fortnightly sprays. The rate of control by the weekly sprays ranged between 90 and 95% for Luxan oil H at half dosage plus the full rate of pyrethroid. Weekly sprayed synthetic pyrethroids alone onto the virus sources and the plants to be infected gave 60–70% control. The weight ratios tended to be slightly reduced if the half dosage of the efficient Luxan oil H was used. Factors which affect the control of the air-borne field spread of viruses by mineral oils and synthetic pyrethroid insecticides in lilies are discussed.     

H5亚型禽流感疫苗对特禽及水禽的免疫效果观察

用H5N2亚型禽流感疫苗,分别免疫SPF鸡、乌鸡、珍珠鸡、贵妃鸡、火鸡、鸭及鹅,免疫后采血测定其HI抗体,观察我国现有的H5N2亚型禽流感疫苗对特禽及水禽的免疫效力.结果,免疫后3周,SPF鸡、乌鸡、珍珠鸡、贵妃鸡、火鸡、鸭及鹅的平均HI抗体滴度分别为2 7.2、2 7.6、2 4.3、2 4.83、2 4.6、2 6.2及2 5.3,乌鸡两次免疫,其中一次HI抗体为2 9.65.试验证明,SPF鸡、特禽及水禽用H5N2亚型禽流感疫苗免疫后,均能产生一定水平的HI抗体,但不同种类的家禽所产生的HI抗体滴度存在较大差异,以SPF鸡及乌鸡所产生的HI抗体滴度最高,而珍珠鸡、贵妃鸡及火鸡所产生的HI抗体滴度较低,水禽对H5N2亚型禽流感疫苗可产生一定水平的HI抗体.     

高寒牧区青稞南北向条播增产试验

在高寒牧区巴音布鲁克种种青稞，南北向条播比东西向条播能充分利用太阳光能，可提高种子产量１４．６％，南北向条播的适宜密度为３３０万株／ｈｍ＾２，种子产量最高。     

NDV和IBV感染对肉鸡大肠杆菌病发病的影响

为了解新城疫弱毒苗和传染性支气管炎弱毒苗接种对肉鸡大肠杆菌病发病的影响。对8日龄肉仔鸡用不同剂量NDVclone-30株或IBV-H120株进行滴鼻及饮水,48h后相同途径接种2株不同“O”血清型的致病性大肠杆菌。结果表明,致病性大肠杆菌单独接种鸡死亡率在20%-25%之间,而NDVclone-30株或IBVH120株与致病性大肠杆菌联合接种鸡死亡率有明显增加达40%-75%。     

亚洲璃眼蜱唾液腺一新基因(GP29)的原核表达及产物鉴定

将吸血诱导的亚洲璃眼蜱唾液腺差异表达基因GP29的开放性阅读框插入pGEX-4T-1,转化BL21,表达出一相对质量为53 ku的蛋白,其大小与预计结果一致。蛋白质的肽质量图谱和“1381.7511”肽段序列两方面的结果证明,SDS-PAGE胶板上相对质量为53 ku的蛋白就是由目的基因表达的GST融合蛋白。该蛋白与SwissPROT库中的任何蛋白均有较大差别,可能是一个新功能分子。     

亚洲璃眼蜱唾液腺-新基因（GP29）的原核表达及产物鉴定

将吸血诱导的亚洲璃眼蜱唾液腺差异表达基因GP29的开放性阅读框插入pGEX-4T-1，转化BL21，表达出一相对质量为53ku的蛋白，其大小与预计结果一致。蛋白质的肽质量图谱和“1381．7511”肽段序列两方面的结果证明，SDS-PAGE胶板上相对质量为53ku的蛋白就是由目的基因表达的GST融合蛋白。该蛋白与Swiss PROT库中的任何蛋白均有较大差别，可能是一个新功能分子。     

Identification of polymorphisms and association analysis with meat quality traits in the porcine KIAA1717 and HUMMLC2B genes

Skeletal muscle genes are potential candidates for production and meat quality. Screening a subtracted cDNA library constructed with mRNA obtained from longissimus dorsi muscles of F1 hybrids Landrace × Yorkshire and their female parents Yorkshire, we isolated two partial sequences coding for the H3-K4-specific methyltransferase (KIAA1717) and skeletal muscle myosin regulatory light chain (HUMMLC2B) genes. Database search revealed KIAA1717 and HUMMLC2B encoded proteins with SET domain and EF-hand calcium binding motif, respectively. In the present work we identified their partial polymorphisms and two SNPs, one (C1354T) at the 3′ untranslated region (UTR) of KIAA1717 and one (A345G) at the SINE (PRE-1) element of HUMMLC2B, both created/disrupted a restriction site for endonuclease Msp I. The selected pigs were genotyped at the KIAA1717 C1354T and HUMMLC2B A345G sites by means of a PCR-RFLP protocol. Significant associations were observed for the KIAA1717 C1354T polymorphic site with meat marbling (longissimus doris (p < 0.05), biceps femoris (p < 0.01)) and intramuscular fat (p < 0.01). HUMMLC2B A345G were significantly associated with meat pH (longissimus doris (p < 0.05), biceps femoris (p < 0.01)), drip loss (p < 0.01), water holding capacity (p < 0.01) and meat color value (longissimus doris (p < 0.01), biceps femoris (p < 0.05)). Further studies are needed to confirm these preliminary results.     

肉鹅H5亚型禽流感疫苗免疫效果的研究

选用H 5亚型禽流感油乳剂灭活疫苗(H 5N 1,R e1株)对马岗鹅作首免日龄、免疫次数与免疫剂量的免疫试验。结果表明,雏鹅在7、14或21日龄作1次免疫均产生免疫应答,其中14与21日龄免疫组免疫后第5周抗体水平均达4 log2以上,抗体动态变化均值与峰值均高于7日龄免疫组2~3个滴度。用0.5、1和2 m l/只3个剂量对14日龄雏鹅的免疫试验中,0.5m l组抗体水平上升过程缓慢,免疫后4周抗体水平才达4 log2以上,1与2 m l组在免疫1周后上升速度较快,免疫后2周即达4 log2以上,抗体水平相近,但2 m l免疫组免疫后5~7周抗体水平均低于1 m l免疫组。说明接种剂量为1或2 m lH 5N 1油苗比接种0.5 m l的免疫效果好,尤以1 m l免疫剂量效果最好。雏鹅在7、14日龄或14、21日龄作2次免疫和7、14、21日龄作3次免疫,首免后抗体上升速度快,各检测点抗体水平均值相近,均在首免后3周达到4 log2以上,4~5周达6 log2以上,4~7周的抗体水平均高于14日龄1次免疫组,且提前2周达到4 log2以上,说明2次、3次免疫组的抗体水平高于1次免疫组,而2次与3次免疫组的抗体水平无明显差异。以上结果说明,在肉鹅生产的禽流感免疫中,选择以14日龄首免0.5 m l/只,21日龄2免接种1 m l/只可取得较为理想的免疫效果。