氮素营养水平对小麦后移栽棉氮代谢的影响

对不同氮素营养水平下的小麦后移栽棉叶片硝酸还原酶活性、棉株含氮量及叶片氨基酸含量等进行了测定。结果表明，除８月１９日外，叶片硝酸还原酶活性与施氮量呈极显著正相关（ｒ＝０．９６９３～０．９８８１）；地上部各器官的含氮率和绝对含氮量均随施氮量的增加而提高，且不同器官间呈同步增减的趋势，因而氮素分配比例的变化不大；提高氮素营养水平可显著增加小麦后移栽棉的叶片氨基酸总量和游离氨的含量（ｒ＝０．５３１６和０．５６０５），在１７种氨基酸中，谷氨酸、脯氨酸等７种氨基酸的含量与施氮量呈显著的正相关（ｒ＝０．５２５６～０．６０７４）。虽然施氮量越高，棉株的氮素代谢越旺盛，但小麦后移栽棉的适宜施氮量约为２０５ｋｇ／ｈｍ２。     

干旱对棉花叶片碳水化合物代谢的影响

以3个不同铃重的棉花基因型为材料,研究了土壤干旱对棉叶碳水化合物代谢的影响.结果表明,干旱胁迫使主茎叶片与不同部位内围果枝叶片可溶性糖含量均有不同程度的增加,而淀粉的积累受到明显抑制.虽然干旱条件下不同基因型棉叶的可溶性糖与淀粉含量的变化趋势一致, 但小铃基因型开花 (7月5日)后的主茎叶可溶性糖含量较中、大铃基因型变化小,淀粉含量则低于大铃基因型.上部内围果枝叶淀粉含量在棉铃发育过程中波动明显大于中、下部果枝,而小铃品种相对稳定.研究结果加深了对干旱胁迫下棉叶碳水化合物时空变化特征的认识.     

新陈代谢GM(1,1)模型在兵团农机总动力预测中的应用

借助灰色系统理论,利用兵团农机总动力的历史数据,建立并对比分析了GM(1,1)模型和新陈代谢GM(1,1),对兵团农业机械总动力进行预测,为以后兵团农业机械化的发展提供一定的参考。     

葡萄糖水溶液环境对麦秆水热产物特性的影响

为了研究葡萄糖对水热炭化反应过程和水热焦形成的影响,以麦秆为原料,利用高温高压反应釜,对麦秆在葡萄糖水溶液环境中的炭化反应过程和水热焦理化结构演变及液相产物主要组分浓度分布的变化进行了分析。研究发现,在反应温度220℃,停留时间120 min条件下,随着葡萄糖添加量的增加,水热焦产率和碳质量分数有所增加,而氢和氧质量分数未发生明显改变,当葡萄糖添加量为麦秆质量的0.4倍时,水热焦产率达68.56%;葡萄糖分子阻碍了麦秆中主要化学组分的分解与炭化反应,使得水热焦炭聚合物的红外吸收特征峰减弱,同时XRD衍射峰强度降低,热稳定性下降,如选择水热炭化过程水循环利用,可进行可溶性糖分离;在麦秆与葡萄糖共同水热炭化过程中,葡萄糖以分解反应为主,同未添加葡萄糖的麦秆水热炭化液相产物相比,糠醛、5-HMF和乙酸的质量浓度均有所增加,其中5-HMF增加最为显著,至葡萄糖添加量为4 g时,达20.21 g/L。     

Effect of dietary betaine levels on growth performance and hepatic intermediary metabolism of GIFT strain of Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus reared in freshwater

An 8‐week feeding experiment was conducted to determine the effect of dietary betaine levels on the growth performance and hepatic intermediary metabolism of genetically improved farmed tilapia (GIFT) strain of Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus (mean initial body weight: 78.3 ± 1.3 g, means ± SD). Six practical diets were formulated with the incorporation of betaine at the levels of 0 (control), 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 g kg⁻¹. Survival showed no significant differences among the treatments (P > 0.05). The highest and lowest weight gain (WG) and specific growth rate (SGR) were observed for fish fed the diets containing 5 and 0 g kg⁻¹ (control) betaine, respectively. Feed intake showed similar trend with WG and SGR. In contrast, feed conversion ratio was the lowest when dietary betaine level was 5 g kg⁻¹. In general, dietary betaine supplementation showed no significant effect on hepatic composition of tilapia. Condition factor and viscerosomatic index tended to increase with increasing dietary betaine levels from 0 to 5 g kg⁻¹ and then decline when dietary betaine levels further increased from 5 to 25 g kg⁻¹. In contrast, hepatosomatic index declined with increasing dietary betaine levels (P < 0.05). Dietary betaine levels significantly influenced several hepatic enzymatic activities, including succinate dehydrogenase, lactate dehydrogenase, malic dehydrogenase, lipoprotein lipase and hepatic lipase, suggesting that dietary betaine addition had significant effects on nutrient metabolism in the liver. Based on the second‐order polynomial regression analysis of WG, 12.5 g kg⁻¹ of dietary betaine level seemed optimal for genetically improved farmed tilapia strain of O. niloticus.     

Impact of Variable Potassium on Metabolism,Oil, and Seed Quality of Groundnut

To study the impact of variable potassium (K) on biomass, economic yield, and role of K in groundnut (Arachis hypogeae L.) metabolism, plants were grown in refined sand at different levels of K, ranging from 0.5 to 16 mM. The concentration of K increased with increase in supply in all parts of groundnut. Both low (<4 mM) and excess (>4 mM) K increased the activity of peroxidase, ATPase, and acid phosphatase and decreased the concentration of chlorophyll in leaves significantly. Low (<4 mM) and excess (>4 mM) concentrations of K inhibited pod and kernel (seed) formation in groundnut. Potassium stress (both low and excess) deteriorated the quality of groundnut seed by decreasing the concentrations of starch, protein, and oil and increasing that of sugars in seeds. The activities of certain enzymes also altered in K stress in leaves and seeds of groundnut.     

高钾血症模型的建立及抢救措施机理的分析

高钾血症是临床上多种疾病所并发的一种常见病理生理过程。血钾升高的最大危害是心肌毒性,它可引起机体心律失常甚至心脏停搏危及生命。因此,预防高钾血症的发生和采取有效的处理方法,一直是病理生理学研究的热点问题之一。了解高血钾对心肌细胞的毒性作用及寻找抢救方法。制备高血钾家兔模型,并分别用葡萄糖酸钙、NaHCO3进行抢救。高钾血症时,心电图可见家兔心律失常,并且T波高耸,Q—T间期缩短,同时,还会使机体的呼吸系统发生变化;用葡萄糖酸钙、NaHCO3后,抢救成功。高血钾对心脏有毒性作用,浓度升高速度越快,毒性作用越大。静脉推注高葡萄糖溶液、NaHCO3溶液都对缓解高血钾症有一定的作用;心电图可作为诊断高血钾,判定其程度和观察疗效的重要指标。     

Fumonisin B1 Metabolism by Bovine Liver Microsomes

Only limited and contrasting information is available about the metabolic fate in cattle of fumonisin B₁, a mycotoxin produced by moulds of Fusarium. This study was carried out to evaluate the hepatic metabolism of fumonisin B₁ by bovine liver microsomes. No biodegradation or metabolization of the mycotoxin by liver microsomes was detectable after incubating fumonisin B₁ with bovine microsomes in the presence of a regenerating system for 1 h. No aminopolyol 1, aminopolyol 2 or aminopentol, metabolites of fumonisin B₁, were detected in any of the incubated samples. The tolerance of ruminants to fumonisin B₁ is apparently not dependent on its detoxification in the rumen.