不同饲料对海月水母生长性能的影响

研究了5种饲料对海月水母Aurelia aurita(伞体直径为2.50 cm±0.10 cm)生长性能的影响.实验共分5组,每组设3个平行,分别投喂卤虫无节幼体、冰冻卤虫、冷冻干燥卤虫、国产微粒饲料和国外微粒饲料,依照投喂饲料的不同,各组分别记为G鲜活、G冰冻、G干燥、G国产、G国外组,实验共进行30 d.结果表明:饲养30 d后,5组海月水母伞体的平均直径依次为(5.01±0.10)、(4.78±0.20)、(4.62±0.11)、(4.23±0.05)、(4.42±0.06)cm,卤虫无节幼体组生长性能最好,水母伞体直径显著高于其他各组(P<0.05),冰冻卤虫和冷冻干燥卤虫组次之,国产微粒饲料组生长性能最差;国产微粒饲料组的成活率为95%,其余各组成活率均为100%;卤虫无节幼体组的收缩频率平均为1次/s,显著高于其他4组(P<0.05),其余4组之间差异均不显著(P>0.05),收缩频率平均为0.5～0.66 次/s;冰冻卤虫组的三态氮含量均显著高于其他各组(P<0.05),国内微粒饲料组的三态氮含量次之,也显著高于其他3组(P<0.05).本实验结果表明,卤虫无节幼体是海月水母较理想的饵料,冰冻卤虫和冷冻干燥卤虫次之.国产微粒饲料因为在营养组成、水中稳定性和悬浮性方面较差,饲养海月水母的效果也较差.     

大鲵虹彩病毒理化及生物学特性研究

对大鲵虹彩病毒(Giant salamander iridovirus,GSIV)的理化特性及生物学特性进行了研究。结果表明:GSIV对热处理敏感,56℃和65℃处理30 min均可彻底灭活病毒;GSIV经酸(pH3)和碱(pH10)处理,病毒滴度(TCID50)与对照组相比较分别下降了8.58、9.04个对数级,差异极显著(P<0.01);GSIV经有机溶剂氯仿、乙醚以及胰蛋白酶处理,TCID50与对照组相比较分别下降了9.33、7.83、6.49个对数级,差异极显著(P<0.01)。冻融次数对GSIV滴度的影响不显著(P>0.05)。GSIV对细胞培养物的感染性试验结果表明,GSIV可在鲤上皮瘤细胞系(Epithelioma papilloma cyprini,EPC)、斑点叉尾鮰肾脏细胞系(Channel catfish kidney,CCK)、虹鳟鱼性腺细胞系(Rainbow trout gonadal,RTG-2)等细胞中增殖,但在EPC、CCK细胞中增殖速度快,TCID50高;GSIV在EPC细胞中的最适生长温度是25℃。GSIV在EPC细胞中增殖动态试验结果表明,GSIV感染细胞6 h后TCID50开始快速上升,进入对数增长期,72 h时TCID50达到最大值,以后趋于稳定。GSIV感染EPC细胞超薄切片透射电镜观察结果显示,在EPC细胞质中可见大量虹彩病毒样颗粒,呈晶格状排列,直径约140 nm。     

大熊猫、羚牛和川金丝猴的生境利用比较

为了解同域分布的大熊猫(Ailuropoda melanoleuca)、羚牛(Budorcas taxicolor)和川金丝猴(Rhinopithecus roxellanae)的生境需求,采用野外调查方法,对小河沟保护区内大熊猫、羚牛和川金丝猴的生境利用进行了研究。结果显示:大熊猫、羚牛和川金丝猴在生境利用上既具有相似性,又具有差异性。与羚牛、川金丝猴相比较,大熊猫对环境有着更多的特殊生境需求。与环境样方(对照)相比较,大熊猫生境中的郁闭度和乔木密度都比较小,竹子盖度和竹子密度都比较大,距离灌木比较近;羚牛生境中的乔木密度比较小;川金丝猴生境中的灌木盖度比较大,距离灌木比较近。     

皇竹草栽培及其饲喂肉羊综合利用技术

分析了皇竹草养羊的意义,阐述皇竹草的栽培技术及其喂羊综合利用技术,建议应大力开发推广皇竹草养羊技术。     

大熊猫白内障手术临床研究

目的探讨大熊猫白内障摘除合并人工晶体植入手术技术。结果发现大熊猫白内障的晶体核硬度大,超声乳化吸除有困难;由于人与大熊猫眼球解剖结构有差异,人用人工晶体不适合大熊猫。结论需要对较大量的大熊猫进行无创性眼球检测,了解其眼睛的屈光状态和晶状体的屈光度,才能为研制大熊猫专用的人工晶体提供科学的依据。     

添加酶制剂对大熊猫日粮能量消化吸收的影响

将多种复合酶制剂应用于移地保护大熊猫的饲养中，在提高大熊猫对日粮总能的消化吸收方面获得成功，在大熊猫日粮中添加０．３０％的生复合酶制剂或纤维素复合制剂，均可显著提高大熊猫饲粮总能的消化吸收率。     

乐山大佛景区春季鸟类调查

通过路线调查法对乐山大佛景区内的鸟类进行了调查,发现在春季景区中约有鸟类5目11科25种,其中优势种2种,占8%;普通种1种,占4%;稀有种22种,占88%.从调查结果看,优势种很少,而稀有种占绝大多数,且主要集中分布在3处:即龙池—景区旅馆一带的林丛,月榭—佛国天堂之间的林丛和岷江河沿岸林丛.调查结果还表明,景区的鸟类分布与植被分布和旅游开发程度密切相关.     

Biochemical Characterization of Cassiopea andromeda (Forsskål, 1775), Another Red Sea Jellyfish in the Western Mediterranean Sea

Increasing frequency of native jellyfish proliferations and massive appearance of non-indigenous jellyfish species recently concur to impact Mediterranean coastal ecosystems and human activities at sea. Nonetheless, jellyfish biomass may represent an exploitable novel resource to coastal communities, with reference to its potential use in the pharmaceutical, nutritional, and nutraceutical Blue Growth sectors. The zooxanthellate jellyfish Cassiopea andromeda, Forsskål, 1775 (Cnidaria, Rhizostomeae) entered the Levant Sea through the Suez Canal and spread towards the Western Mediterranean to reach Malta, Tunisia, and recently also the Italian coasts. Here we report on the biochemical characterization and antioxidant activity of C. andromeda specimens with a discussion on their relative biological activities. The biochemical characterization of the aqueous (PBS) and hydroalcoholic (80% ethanol) soluble components of C. andromeda were performed for whole jellyfish, as well as separately for umbrella and oral arms. The insoluble components were hydrolyzed by sequential enzymatic digestion with pepsin and collagenase. The composition and antioxidant activity of the insoluble and enzymatically digestible fractions were not affected by the pre-extraction types, resulting into collagen- and non-collagen-derived peptides with antioxidant activity. Both soluble compounds and hydrolyzed fractions were characterized for the content of proteins, phenolic compounds, and lipids. The presence of compounds coming from the endosymbiont zooxanthellae was also detected. The notable yield and the considerable antioxidant activity detected make this species worthy of further study for its potential biotechnological sustainable exploitation.     

Genetic evidence for a single stock of giant tiger prawns Penaeus monodon in demarcated prawn fishing zones of Tanzania

Tanzania demarcated three prawn fishing zones along its coast to spread fishing pressure and help the prawn fishery to recover. However, it is unknown whether the demarcated zones correspond to the genetic stock structure of the world's most commercially important prawn, the giant tiger prawn (Penaeus monodon). Thus, this study used partial mitochondrial control region sequences (534 base pairs) to test the hypotheses that (1) giant tiger prawns in Tanzania's demarcated prawn fishing zones are a single stock and (2) the giant tiger prawns on the Tanzanian coast experienced a recent demographic expansion. The sequences showed high haplotype diversity (h = 0.998–1.0) and low nucleotide diversity (θ_π = 1.89%–2.24%). The neutrality test and mismatch analysis showed that the hypothesis of recent demographic expansion could not be rejected. The analysis of molecular variance revealed low and insignificant fixation indices between the zones (F_ST = 0.00025, p > 0.05; Φ_ST = −0.00027, p > 0.05), suggesting that the three demarcated fishing zones constitute a single stock and that fishers may be targeting the same stock. Furthermore, it was discovered that Zone 2 has the potential to replenish depleted areas; thus, it should be prioritised in future conservation planning.     

巨胚水稻W025糙米浸水后γ-氨基丁酸含量变化的研究

富含γ-氨基丁酸（GABA）的降血压功能水稻正受到越来越多的关注。W025是通过化学诱变和杂交选育而成的水稻新品系,具有巨胚特征,遗传分析表明巨胚基因受单隐性基因控制。进一步研究W025和其原始品种金南风浸水后γ-氨基丁酸（GABA）含量及其合成关键酶——谷氨酸脱羧酶活性的动态,并用半定量RT-PCR检测了2个谷氨酸脱羧酶转录本在浸水过程的表达变化。结果表明,（1）GABA主要集中在胚部,浸水后W025的GABA积累量显著高于金南风。（2）随着浸水时间延长,谷氨酸脱羧酶（GAD）的活性呈逐渐增加趋势,W025胚部的酶活性显著高于金南风。GAD活性的变化与GABA的积累显著正相关,表明浸水后种胚GABA的积累与谷氨酸脱羧酶的催化反应有关。（3）2个谷氨酸脱羧酶基因OsGAD1与OsGAD2在W025和金南风之间没有转录水平的差异。提示可能存在其它的谷氨酸脱羧酶基因对浸水后GABA的积累起关键作用。