Effect of Cobalt Ion Implantation on Behavior of Ni(OH)_2/NiOOH Electrode

Clectrochemial reaction occurred on Ni(OH)2/NiOOH electrode was studied with electrochemical method and ellipsometry with wavelength sweep.Cobalt was implanted intosurface of nickel with fonim plantation technology to improve charge efficiency of the electrode. With fitting ellipemetric experimental data,transformation model of the surface film was obtainedduring charge and discharge. Implantation of cobalt did not affect the model,but made charge effi-ciency be increased.     

稀土对真空熔结镍基复合涂层组织结构的影响

研究了稀土(Ce La)对真空熔结镍基金属陶瓷复合涂层化学组成和组织结构的影响。结果表明:稀土(Ce La)消除了Ni60 WC涂层中的针状相,改变了陶瓷相的分布形态。稀土还改变了涂层的化学组成,提高了组成相中的镍含量和陶瓷相中的钨含量。含稀土的真空熔结镍基金属陶瓷复合涂层还析出了新的第2相WC和LaNi3。     

金属离子Ni2+和Co2+对卤虫孵化率和变态率的影响

在去除重金属离子的天然海水中添加不同浓度的Ni^2 和Co^2 进行养殖实验，研究了Ni^2 和Co^2 对盐卤虫（Artemia saline)孵化率及变态率的影响。在试验过程中保持温度（27℃）、盐度（30‰）以及pH(=8)恒定。结果表明：当海水中Ni^2 和Co^2 浓度分别为40μg/L和30μg/L时对旧金山湾卤虫的孵化最为有利，当Ni^2 浓度为40μg/L,Co^2 浓度为40μg/L-50μg/L时对其发育变态最为有利。从而得出结论：当海水中Ni^2 浓度在40μg/L范围左右时可促进卤虫的孵化及变态发育，当海水中Co^2 浓度为30μg/L-50μg/L范围内时可促进卤虫的生长发育。     

Covariation between the average lengths of mature coho (Oncorhynchus kisutch) and Chinook salmon (O. tshawytscha) and the ocean environment

We used the average fork length of age‐3 returning coho (Oncorhynchus kisutch) and age‐3 ocean‐type and age‐4 stream‐type Chinook (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) salmon along the northeast Pacific coast to assess the covariability between established oceanic environmental indices and growth. These indices included the Multivariate El Niño‐Southern Oscillation Index (MEI), Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO), Northern Oscillation Index, and Aleutian Low Pressure Index. Washington, Oregon, and California (WOC) salmon sizes were negatively correlated with the MEI values indicating that ultimate fish size was affected negatively by El Niño‐like events. Further, we show that the growth trajectory of WOC salmon was set following the first ocean winter. Returning ocean‐type British Columbia‐Puget Sound Chinook salmon average fork length was positively correlated with the MEI values during the summer and autumn of return year, which was possibly a result of a shallower mixed layer and improved food‐web productivity of subarctic Pacific waters. Size variation of coho salmon stocks south of Alaska was synchronous and negatively correlated with warm conditions (positive PDO) and weak North Pacific high pressure during ocean residence.     

Migration of albacore, Thunnus alalunga, in the North Pacific Ocean in relation to large oceanic phenomena

On the basis of Japanese long-line fishery data during 1970–1988, anticlockwise migration routes of albacore in the North Pacific are newly proposed. The annual migration route for mature albacore is described as a closed ellipse with a centre at 20°N and 170°E, and is wider in El Niño years than non-El Niño years associated with an appearance of a cold-water region in the central and south-western North Pacific. Immature albacore also have an anticlockwise migration route in winter which extends from 25°N to 35°N and from 130°E to 180°E, when the Kuroshio has a relatively straight path. However, the migration does not persist when the Kuroshio takes a large meander path.     

Use of remote sensing tools to predict focal areas for sea turtle conservation in the south-western Atlantic

1. Fisheries bycatch of non-target species in the commercial fleet is a major source of anthropogenic injury and mortality for sea turtles and marine megafauna.
2. The Río de la Plata maritime front (RLPMF) and its adjacent international waters – comprising part of the Argentine and Uruguayan exclusive economic zones, is a highly important fishing ground in the south-western Atlantic Ocean as well as feeding and development grounds for sea turtles.
3. This paper analyses the distribution of the bottom and pelagic trawling fishery within the RLPMF using information from Vessel Satellite Monitoring System. With this information, areas of highest trawling intensity were defined and further evaluated their overlap with sea turtle habitat-use areas from available sea turtle satellite tracking information.
4. Results besides identifying high-susceptibility areas for sea turtle bycatch by the commercial trawler fleet along the RLPMF, provide predictive tools to identify vulnerable areas to interaction of sea turtles and the commercial fishing fleet.
5. Implementation of bycatch mitigation measures, such as reduced fishing effort areas by the Argentine and Uruguayan fisheries management agencies has the potential to benefit the fisheries as well as marine megafauna. Furthermore, there is a need for additional research on the impact that this fleet can have on sea turtles present in the area.

     

西南地区冬季气温时空特征分析

利用西南地区五省市区83个测站1961-2008年历年12月至次年2月月气温资料,采用EOF和REOF方法对冬季气温的空间异常特征、时间变化规律以及冬季气温对ENSO循环的响应进行了诊断分析研究.结果表明:西南地区冬季气温的主要异常模态表现为一致偏冷或偏暖型、东西反向型.西南地区冬季气温的异常敏感区域为盆地丘陵区、高原区、藏南区和高原东北区.20世纪60年代以来,西南地区冬季气温呈一致上升趋势,高原地区增温显著,盆地丘陵地区增温缓慢.西南地区冬季气温异常对ENSO循环不同位相的响应有一定的差别,El nino年,西南地区冬季气温东部偏高,高原地区偏低,东西响应呈反位相.La nina年,西南地区冬季气温以偏冷为主.     

中国丝鰕虎鱼属之一新种

本文报道了在我国海南省发现的丝鰕虎鱼属一新种:头带丝鰕虎鱼 Chypto-centrus cephalotaenius,并附有中国10种丝鰕虎鱼的检索表。