Cu~(2+)和Ni~(2+)对硝化颗粒污泥的毒性作用

测定了Cu2+和Ni2+对硝化颗粒污泥的单一毒性,采用析因实验研究了Cu2+和Ni2+混合体系对硝化颗粒污泥的联合毒性.结果表明,Cu2+和Ni2+的2 h半抑制浓度EC50分别为95.23 mg.L-1和26.45 mg.L-1.由析因实验所得的响应曲面模型具有较好的优度(R2为0.975),能够较好地对混合体系的联合毒性进行预测.Cu2+和Ni2混合体系的毒性表现为拮抗作用.     

我国热带海岛地区极端环境下蔬菜椰糠基质栽培系统的建立

研究并建立了适合我国热带海岛地区高温、高湿、强光照、多台风、缺水、缺土等极端条件下蔬菜椰糠基质栽培系统,包括以抗强台风、防日晒、防暴雨、防腐蚀的四防温室为主的环境调控系统、以椰糠为主要栽培基质的栽植系统和肥水供给系统。在建立的椰糠基质栽培系统下,抗强台风、防日晒、防暴雨效果明显,而温度和湿度调控效果不佳。较岛上人造菜地,适宜栽培蔬菜种类和产量明显增加,节水率达到70%以上。     

褪黑素对大鼠胰岛瘤细胞INS-1胰岛素和Gαi/o蛋白基因表达的影响

【目的】研究褪黑素对大鼠胰岛瘤细胞INS-1中胰岛素和Gαi/o蛋白基因表达的影响,探究褪黑素在m RNA水平对Gαi/o和Insulin1调节作用中可能存在的分子机制。褪黑素(melatonin,MT)是松果腺分泌的一种吲哚类神经内分泌激素,在机体内可调节胰岛素的分泌而使其呈现昼夜节律性分泌,影响葡萄糖昼夜代谢水平的变化进而维持机体血糖的相对恒定,故对于褪黑素影响胰岛素表达的研究可能会对褪黑素在胰岛素昼夜节律性分泌中的调控作用提供依据。【方法】将冻存的INS-1细胞复苏培养至第三代,INS-1细胞传代后,用RPMI1640培养基培养INS-1细胞约24—48 h,当细胞密度达60%—70%时,使用无血清无葡萄糖的RPMI1640洗2次,然后在INS-1细胞培养外液中分别加入不同浓度(0、10、20、30、50 mmol·L-1)的葡萄糖及100 nmol·L-1褪黑素和不同浓度葡萄糖孵育INS-1细胞12 h,观察和统计INS-1细胞的形态学变化。利用Easy Pure?RNA Kit提取INS-1细胞的总RNA,核酸蛋白测定仪测定细胞总RNA的浓度和纯度,其次利用甲醛变性琼脂糖凝胶电泳检测细胞的总RNA质量,Trans Script One-Step g DNA Removal and c DNA Synthesis Super Mix反转录合成c DNA。利用Primer Premier5.0引物设计软件,参考Gen Bank上已登录的基因序列进行Insulin1、Gαi1、Gαi2、Gαo、PKA和PKCα引物的设计。应用q RT-PCR法进行检测处理后的INS-1细胞Insulin1、Gαi1、Gαi2、Gαo、PKA和PKCαm RNA水平的变化。【结果】用含不同浓度葡萄糖培养液孵育INS-1细胞后,观察发现随着培养基中葡萄糖浓度含量的增加INS-1细胞突触的增长呈现先增加后减少的趋势,其中20 mmol·L-1葡萄糖处理组INS-1细胞突触的增长明显,而20 mmol·L-1葡萄糖和100 nmol·L-1褪黑素处理组INS-1细胞表面积增大,但突触增长却不明显;培养基中含不同浓度葡萄糖的处理组中,Insulin1 m RNA水平呈现先升后降的趋势,Gαi1 m RNA水平则呈现先降后升的趋势,其中20 mmol·L-1葡萄糖处理组,Insulin1 m RNA水平显著增加(P0.05),Gαi1 m RNA水平显著减少(P0.05),而Gαi2和Gαo则无显著变化(P0.05),因而Gαi1表现出与Insulin1 m RNA水平呈现负相关性而非Gαi2、Gαo与Insulin1 m RNA水平呈现负相关性;20 mmol·L-1葡萄糖和褪黑素处理组和20 mmol·L-1葡萄糖处理组相比,20 mmol·L-1葡萄糖和褪黑素处理组的Gαi1 m RNA水平显著增高(P0.05),且Insulin1和PKCαm RNA水平显著减少(P0.05),PKA m RNA水平则减少不显著(P0.05)。【结论】褪黑素能够抑制INS-1细胞Insulin1的表达,减少胰岛素的分泌导致INS-1细胞适应性增生。褪黑素与其受体结合后可促进Gαi1 m RNA水平增高而抑制PKCα的表达,使得Insulin1的表达受到抑制,胰岛素分泌减少,使血糖在夜间得以维持相对恒定。     

水田除草剂苯噻酰草胺·苄嘧磺隆悬浮剂的应用试验

对26.5%苯噻·苄悬浮剂和53%苯噻·苄可湿性粉剂进行了盆栽试验,经对水稻生育性状(株高、分蘖数、有效穗数、产量)和对稗草防除效果调查分析。结果表明,苯噻.苄悬浮剂与苯噻.苄可湿性粉剂相比,在对水稻安全的同时,减少农药用量而不显著降低对稗草防除效果。     

60Co-γ射线对萝卜种子发芽率及幼苗生长的影响

用不同剂量60Co-γ射线对萝卜种子进行辐射,观测其对种子发芽率和幼苗生长的影响。结果表明：其发芽率、芽长和根长与辐射剂量均呈正相关,说明在该实验辐射范围内对萝卜种子有刺激生长的作用,在20Gy-60Gy有利于萝卜种子发芽,而在60Gy和150Gy时有利于萝卜种子的生长。     

近50年来El Nino和La Nina事件对河西走廊东部干旱气候的影响

分析近50多年来ElNino和LaNina事件与河西走廊东部干旱气候变化的关系,总结了近几年干旱气候预测服务及其在决策气象服务中发挥的重要作用,特别是应用ElNino和LaNina事件等引起气候变化的强信号,连续几年准确地预测出与农业生产关系最大的春末夏初干旱,为农业种植结构调整和经济可持续发展等提供了重要的决策气象服务依据和建议。     

A 3-year pilot study of sentinel dairy herds for vesicular stomatitis in El Salvador

The occurrence of vesicular stomatitis (VS) was investigated in El Salvador through monthly visits to 12 sentinel cattle operations located in four different departments. Management, environmental, and spatial data were collected. Heifers were enrolled on the operations and were examined and bled monthly for 3 years. Two competitive ELISAs were used to detect antibodies on each sample for each serotype of VS virus (VSV). On 8 of the 12 operations, small terrestrial rodents were trapped, blood samples collected, and antibodies to both VS serotypes evaluated using a serum-neutralization test for each virus serotype.

Similar to other studies of VS in Central America, the seroprevalence of the New Jersey serotype was higher than the seroprevalence to the Indiana serotype. An outbreak of VS appeared to occur in the Department of Sonsonate in the summer of 1999. We confirmed that VS is endemic in the four departments investigated in El Salvador.     

Brucellosis in Central America

Brucellosis is a disease of domestic animals and humans in Central America (CA). Bovine and swine brucellosis caused by Brucella abortus and Brucella suis, respectively, have been identified in all CA countries, while ovine and caprine brucellosis caused by Brucella melitensis has been detected in Guatemala. The prevalence of bovine brucellosis is estimated between 4 and 8%, with higher prevalence in dairy herds, with losses calculated at US$ 25 million per year. National Control Programs based in calf vaccination and removal of the reactors have had little impact in the control of brucellosis in CA. In a region where experimentation with new vaccines is not affordable, unrestricted adult vaccination by the conjunctival route with S19 is recommended. This strategy is expected to reduce the prevalence and density of the bacteria to numbers where “clean” vaccination would be possible. Thereafter, serological identification and elimination of the reactors could be initiated under more favorable conditions of herd infection.     

与DNA硫修饰相关的DndB 蛋白纯化体系的建立

根据DndB蛋白表达载体的特性,建立了一套集Ni2+-NTA亲和层析、Source Q阴离子交换层析和Superdex 200分子筛层析于一体的纯化体系,纯化得到高纯度的DndB蛋白,可用于后续的蛋白质结构生物学和酶学特性研究,为阐明DndB蛋白的功能以及DNA硫修饰的机理打下了良好的基础.