图们江下游延迟型冷害与厄尔尼诺(拉尼娜)事件

根据图们江下游珲春站1957～2002年46年的日照时数观测资料,分析了图们江下游延迟型冷害与厄尔尼诺和拉尼娜的关系.结果表明,厄尔尼诺(拉尼娜)事件与图们江下游延迟型冷害显著相关.厄尔尼诺事件会增加延迟型冷害发生的概率.拉尼娜事件发生时一般不会出现延迟型冷害.厄尔尼诺事件发生当年和后1年有可能发生延迟型冷害,其概率分别为60%和40%.拉尼娜事件发生后1年有可能发生延迟型冷害,其发生概率为58%.     

Cadmium,Nickel, Chromium,and Lead Levels in Soils and Vegetables under Long‐Term Irrigation with Industrial Wastewater

Abstract: The industrial activity areas, rivers, and water sources in neighboring areas are influenced by wastewater of manufacturers. Utilizing water influenced by wastewater increased heavy metals in soils and plants. In 2004, to investigate the effects of wastewater on cadmium (Cd), nickel (Ni), chromium (Cr), and lead (Pb) content in soil and plants, wastewaters of three manufactures (chrome chemical, wood and paper, and textiles) were examined. At harvest time roots, whole shoots (rice, spinach, clover, grass), and rice grain in industrial wastewater–influenced areas and uninfluenced areas were sampled. Soil samples were also taken (0–15, 15–30 cm). Results indicated that when wastewater was discharged into the river water, the concentrations of Cd, Ni, Cr, and Pb increased in river water. Application of river water influenced by industrial wastewater for irrigation of rice and another plants enhanced, the amounts of available Cd, Ni, Cr and Pb in soil. In subsurface horizons (15–30 cm), the concentrations of heavy metals were more than in the surface horizon (0–15 cm). With increasing cation exchange capacity in the soil, the amount of available Cr increased. When the calcium carbonate content in soils was raised, the available Cd and Pb increased in the soil, but Ni and Cr decreased. Meanwhile, organic matter enhanced the concentrations of heavy metals in soil. Accumulations of heavy metals were higher in the roots of rice (control and treatment) than in shoot and rice grain. Cadmium accumulation in rice root was three times that in whole shoot, and grain was two times more than control. The concentrations of Ni, Cr, and Pb in root, whole shoot, and grain of rice were two times higher in industrial wastewater–treated areas. The concentrations of heavy metals in root and whole shoot of spinach, clover, and grass in industrial wastewater area increased about 100%, but not to a toxic level. Cadmium translocated more than other heavy metals from soil to root, whole shoot, and grain of rice, and whole shoot of spinach, clover, and grass.     

用基于邻苯二甲醛柱前衍生的高效液相色谱法测定稻米的Y-氨基丁酸含量

建立基于邻苯二甲醛（0-phthalaldehyde,OPA）柱前衍生的高效液相色谱法（highperformanceliquidchromato—graphy,HPLC）,测定了稻米中Y-氨基丁酸（Y-aminobutyricacid,GABA）的含量。结果显示：用三氯乙酸作为提取溶剂的效果最好;检测限为0．5mg／L,提取回收率为79．1％-101．5％;巨胚糙米的GABA含量显著高于常规胚糙米的,发芽后巨胚糙米的GABA积累量也高于常规胚糙米的。     

Seasonal and interannual analysis of wetlands in South America using NOAA-AVHRR NDVI time series: the case of the Parana Delta Region

The use of NOAA-AVHRR NDVI time series from July 1981 to December 2000 was evaluated for the assessment of the functioning of a wetland macrosystem, the Paraná River Delta. The spatial resolution of the dataset was 8 by 8 km. Spatial and temporal variations in NDVI pattern were analyzed and evidences for El Niño/South Oscillation events identified. We studied five wetland units (WUs) classified on the basis of landscape pattern and dominant hydrologic regime. Spearman rank correlations were performed among the NDVI time series of the different WUs. NDVI time series were correlated with water level in the Paraná River and with records of local rainfall. In order to obtain a synthetic model of NDVI patterns, the autocorrelation functions (ACF) were estimated for each of the WUs. Results indicated that monthly mean NDVI values for all WUs showed a similar annual seasonal pattern, suggesting a control from the plant annual cycle on the NDVI signal. Besides, two general NDVI patterns were identified. The first pattern is represented by WUs under fluvial hydrologic regime. This is subjected to a significative interannual variability associated mainly to ENSO events. The second pattern corresponds to WUs with a very regular NDVI patterns. It includes wetlands which water input corresponds to tides or to rainfall. The ENSO had no significant influence on this pattern. This study suggests that NOAA-AVHRR NDVI long time series might provide valuable information about functioning of the large scale fluvial wetlands like those associated with South America basins.     

小麦 长穗偃麦草二体代换系（DS3Ee DS4Ee）光合特性研究

为了确定长穗偃麦草3Ee、4Ee染色体是否含有小麦育种所需要的高光效基因,以小麦中国春-长穗偃麦草二体代换系(DS3Ee、DS4Ee)为材料,分析了这两种外源染色体导入后小麦光合特性的变化.结果表明,与中国春相比,DS3Ee (3B)、DS4Ee(4A、4B、4D)开花期旗叶光合速率较低,而光合速率高值持续时间较长,其较低的光合速率与其较低的光反应能力(Fv/Fm、ΦPSⅡ、ETR)、气孔导度及胞间CO2浓度有关;DS3Ee (3D)具有较高的光合速率和光合速率高值持续时间,但较高的光合速率与气孔导度和光反应能力无关.长穗偃麦草3Ee、4Ee可能含有改良小麦光合作用的高光效基因,DS3Ee (3D)在光合速率和光合时间方面可以利用,DS4Ee在光合持续时间方面可以利用.     

武汉地区茶园假眼小绿叶蝉及卵寄生蜂种群消长动态

假眼小绿叶蝉(Empoasca vitis G(o)the)是中国茶区最主要害虫,在湖北武汉地区茶园对该叶蝉及其卵寄生蜂种群动态进行了初步调查.结果表明,假眼小绿叶蝉种群消长动态呈现双峰型,第一峰出现在5月底至6月底,主要危害夏茶,第二峰出现在9月底至10月底,主要危害秋茶.寄生假眼小绿叶蝉卵的寄生蜂为叶蝉三棒缨小蜂(Stethynimu empoasca Subba Rao)和微小裂骨缨小蜂(Schizophragma parvulas Ogloblin),6～10月2种寄生蜂联合寄生率为23％～55％.     

与DNA硫修饰相关的DndB 蛋白纯化体系的建立

根据DndB蛋白表达载体的特性,建立了一套集Ni2+-NTA亲和层析、Source Q阴离子交换层析和Superdex 200分子筛层析于一体的纯化体系,纯化得到高纯度的DndB蛋白,可用于后续的蛋白质结构生物学和酶学特性研究,为阐明DndB蛋白的功能以及DNA硫修饰的机理打下了良好的基础.     

Opaque-2突变基因(o2)对玉米组合品质的影响

[目的]探讨o2突变基因的作用方式,提高玉米品质育种研究水平。[方法]通过对18个普通玉米自交系组配的33个普通玉米组合及相应的导入o2近等基因系(o2-NILs)组配的33个含o2玉米组合品质的比较,分析了导入o2后对玉米组合品质的影响。[结果]o2-NILs组合与普通玉米组合相比,其赖氨酸、蛋白质和油份含量有大幅增加,其余14种必须氨基酸含量也发生了相应的变化,天门冬氨酸、苏氨酸、甘氨酸、异亮氨酸、组氨酸、精氨酸和脯氨酸含量提高;而丝氨酸、谷氨酸、丙氨酸、缬氨酸、亮氨酸、酪氨酸和苯丙氨酸含量降低。相关性分析结果表明,天门冬氨酸、精氨酸和苏氨酸变化与赖氨酸变化程度高度相关(0.8),蛋白质和油份的变化与赖氨酸变化的相关性分别为0.48和0.38,表现为中度相关。33个o2-NILs组合综合品质分析结果表明,o2组合的CAL58×吉477和CA156×196综合品质优良,产量较高,可能具有较大的开发潜力。[结论]该研究结果为今后利用o2对温带玉米种质进行品质改良,并提高改良效率提供了理论和材料基础。