一类分式序列封闭形和式

利用反正切函数关系arctan F（n）-arctan F（n＋1）=arctan （F（n）-F（n＋1））/（1＋F（n）F（n＋1））得到一类反正切序列封闭形和式,利用微分法得到一类分式序列封闭形和式,并给出反正切级数与分式级数恒等式.     

宁强矮马线粒体DNA D-loop区的遗传多样性

【目的】研究宁强矮马线粒体DNA（mitochondrial DNA,mtDNA）D-loop区的遗传多样性及其母系起源进化,为其遗传资源保护提供理论数据。【方法】采用PCR和测序技术分析12匹宁强矮马mtDNA D-loop区的600 bp核酸序列,并基于mtDNA D-loop区序列将宁强矮马和NCBI公布的其它马种进行系统树构建。【结果】宁强矮马群体存在9种单倍型,检测到34处SNP位点,占所分析位点总数的5.67%,各单倍型间的遗传距离为0.002—0.035,单倍型多样性为0.978±0.054,核苷酸多性为0.01988±0.00818。聚类分析表明宁强矮马分布在4个支系中,与胡克尔马、设特兰马、德保马、蒙古马和车巨马亲缘关系较近,与纯血马、云南马和韩国济州岛本土马的亲缘关系较远。【结论】宁强矮马具有比较丰富的遗传多样性,在进化的历史过程中受到其它马种的影响较大。     

核果类果树中microRNAs的生物信息学预测及验证

microRNA(miRNAs)是一类非编码小分子RNA,在植物生长发育、新陈代谢以及逆境生理中起重要作用。基于生物信息学的基因搜索和同源搜索,从NCBI数据库中登录的核果类果树的EST和GSS中寻找miRNAs。从核果类果树的107982条ESTs和48273条GSSs中搜寻到了11条miRNAs前体序列,编码11条成熟体序列,并预测到19个靶基因,分别编码与生长发育、新陈代谢和转录调节等相关的蛋白。利用miRbase数据库进一步分析表明:11条miRNAs属于8个microRNA家族,分别来自桃和梅,其大小为20～23bp,其中6条为21bp,而且ppe-miR162a和ppe-miR164f保守性最高。采用poly(A)RT-PCR方法随机对预测的ppe-miR156h,pmu-miR482,ppe-miR399a,ppe-miR171a进行组织表达验证,发现ppe-miR156h在果梅花芽中表达,pmu-miR482,ppe-miR399a,ppe-miR171a在桃叶片中表达。     

Outbreak of Philophthalmus gralli in four greater rheas (Rhea americana)

Using slit‐lamp biomicroscopy, conjunctival biopsy, and morphological identification, a flock of four Greater rheas (Rhea americana) in Arizona were diagnosed with conjunctivitis secondary to Philophthalmus gralli (P. gralli) infection. Aquatic snails from the exhibit’s water source were identified as Melanoides tuberculatus, a known vector for P. gralli. Comparison of partial sequences of DNA regions from P. gralli adults removed from the rheas and metacercariae from the aquatic snails demonstrated a 100% match, confirming the source of infection. The flock was divided into two treatment groups: the most severely affected rheas received both manual removal of trematodes and praziquantel 1% ointment OU q12 h and the least severely affected rheas were only given praziquantel 1% ointment OU q12 h. The rheas were permanently relocated away from the infected water source and aquatic snails. Initial resolution was seen at 17 weeks in the most severely affected rhea, which had 675 adult P. gralli removed and topical praziquantel. The two rheas that only received topical praziquantel showed resolution within 3 and 15 weeks. Current recommendations for treating P. gralli include: manual removal of trematodes, topical praziquantel 1% ointment, and relocation away from infected water sources and aquatic snails.     

‘豫杂一号’泡桐叶绿体基因组序列及特征分析

泡桐是中国重要的速生树种,对我国经济发展有着重要作用。以‘豫杂一号’泡桐为材料,IlluminaHiseq2000测序,对其全基因组序列基本结构特征、密码子偏好性和重复序列进行统计分析。结果表明,‘豫杂一号’泡桐为典型的四分体结构,全长序列为154615bp,编码114个基因,含4个rRNA,30个tRNA和80个蛋白质编码基因。该叶绿体全基因组测序的成功促进了叶绿体分子生物学的研究,也为泡桐以及其他物种的遗传育种和创制种质资源奠定了一定的理论基础。     

马铃薯StUOXs基因家族的生物信息学分析

马铃薯(Solanum tuberosum)是世界第三大粮食作物,其产量和品质受到生物与非生物胁迫的影响。泛醌氧化酶(ubiquinol oxidase,UOX)是一种由核基因编码的线粒体末端氧化酶,在植物生长发育及胁迫应答中发挥重要作用。为了解StUOXs在马铃薯抗病过程中发挥的应答反应,利用生物信息学方法在马铃薯基因组中鉴定出5个StUOXs基因,对其理化性质、染色体定位、三级结构、进化关系、保守结构域、启动子元件和表达谱尤其是受青枯菌(Ralstonia solanacearum)诱导的表达模式进行了分析。结果表明:马铃薯StUOXs基因编码的氨基酸数在279~366,相对分子质量为31~42 ku,亚细胞定位在线粒体中;系统进化分析发现,马铃薯StUOXs成员与番茄、辣椒的UOXs成员的亲缘关系最近,较之拟南芥、烟草亲缘关系稍远;FPKM数据分析发现,StUOXs主要受盐、激素和生物胁迫诱导而在叶片中表达,这与其启动子中的存在的激素应答等顺式作用元件相对应。青枯菌接种后的qRT-PCR实验表明,StUOX4参与马铃薯青枯病的早期应答反应。     

建昌马mtDNA D-loop区遗传多样性及系统进化分析

试验旨在以线粒体DNA(mitochondrial DNA,mtDNA)为切入点,研究建昌马的母系遗传多样性与系统进化。从建昌马(n=39)血液中提取基因组DNA,用PCR方法扩增mtDNA D-loop区并直接测序,分析其高变区247 bp序列信息,统计mtDNA D-loop区的单倍型及变异位点,计算单倍型多样性(haplotype diversity,Hd)、核苷酸多样性(nucleotide diversity,Pi)和平均核苷酸变异数(average number of nucleotide differences,K)。构建包括建昌马在内的19个品种马的NJ系统进化树,计算各品种间的遗传距离。结果显示,试验获得了清晰的PCR扩增产物,并通过直接测序方法获得了约1200 bp的序列。39匹建昌马mtDNA D-loop区247 bp序列(其中1个样品缺失1 bp)的AT碱基含量为61.45%,属AT碱基对富集区,检测到33个多态性位点,共显示26种单倍型,其中4种为共享单倍型,且Hap7和Hap1为优势单倍型,单倍型多样性为0.947,核苷酸多样性为0.02399,平均核苷酸变异数为5.901,显示丰富的母系遗传多样性;NJ系统进化树显示,建昌马分布在A、C、D、E、F、G共6个支系中,约50%的样品分布在A支系,显示出复杂的母系起源;建昌马与关中马的遗传距离最小(0.021),其次是三河马、文山马、韩国车巨马(0.024),与韩国济州岛马遗传距离最大(0.032)。本研究结果表明,建昌马的mtDNA D-loop高变区遗传多样性丰富,具有多个母系起源,且A支系占有明显优势,与关中马、文山马可能有共同的母系起源。     

中国家鸡和红色原鸡mtDNA控制区遗传多态性及系统进化分析

通过线粒体DNA控制区的结构和多态性来研究中国家鸡和红色原鸡的遗传多态性与系统进化。测定14个中国地方鸡种和红色原鸡2个亚种的256个个体线粒体DNA控制区部分序列约560bp,结果表明,A、C、G、T这4种核苷酸的平均比例分别为25．∞％、37．40％、4．40％和33．20％。共发现44个变异位点,约占分析位点总数的7．86％,没有观测到插入／缺失,颠换和转换之比为0．13;共具有32种单倍型,9种为共享单倍型;16个群体内单倍型多样度从0到0．964,单倍型变异度总体为0．909±0．014,整体的平均核苷酸差异数为7．276,核苷酸多样度为1．851％。群体间核苷酸分歧度（Dxy）在0．747％～3．125％之间变化,核苷酸净遗传距离（Da）为0．015％～2．633％。16个群体表现出较高水平的遗传多态性,群体间表现出显著的遗传分化。群体遗传多态性和亲缘关系分析表明,一些中国家鸡的群体（如固始鸡和仙居鸡）起源于泰国红色原鸡Gallus gallu sgallus亚种,一些中国家鸡的群体（如茶花鸡和藏鸡等）起源于中国红色原鸡Gallus gallus spadiceus亚种,在一些中国地方鸡种还同时具有这2种红色原鸡的遗传贡献;认为中国家鸡起源于泰国或单纯起源于中国的观点都是不全面的。     

贵州下司犬线粒体DNA控制区核苷酸序列分析

采用聚合酶链式反应和直接测序的方法,分析了贵州下司犬线粒体D-loop区序列。结果显示,该犬的线粒体D-loop全长1260bp,碱基序列中A、T含量明显高于G、C含量。其中有一段以串连方式排列、重复29次的序列,重复单元为TACACGT(A/G)CG。对该串连重复序列上游673bp的碱基序列进行分析,比较已知犬种相应碱基序列之间的差异,聚类分析结果显示下司犬与亚洲犬种的亲缘关系较近。     

Genetic diversity of Bangladeshi native chickens based on complete sequence of mitochondrial DNA D-loop region

ABSTRACT

1. The aim of this study was to explore genetic diversity and possible origin of Bangladeshi (BD) native chickens. The complete mtDNA D-loop region was sequenced in 60 chickens representing five populations; naked neck, full feathered, Aseel, Hilly and autosomal dwarf. The 61 reference sequences representing different domestic chicken clades in China, India, Laos, Indonesia, Myanmar, and other Eurasian regions were included. The mtDNA D-loop sequence polymorphism and maternal origin of five BD populations were analysed.

2. A total of 35 polymorphic sites, and 21 haplotypes were detected in 60 mtDNA D-loop sequences. The haplotype and nucleotide diversity of the five populations were 0.921 ± 0.018 and 0.0061 ± 0.0019, respectively. Both mtDNA network and phylogenetic analysis indicated four clades (four haplogroups) in BD populations (21 haplotypes) along with 61 reference haplotypes. Clade E contained the most individuals (20) and haplotypes (11) of BD chickens, followed by clade D (17, 6), clade C (12, 2) and clade F (11, 2), respectively.

3. The higher number of unique haplotypes found in Yunnan, China, suggested that the origin of BD chickens was in this region. The haplotypes from different haplogroups were introduced in Bangladeshi chickens from India, China and Myanmar. The phylogenetic tree showed a close relationship of BD chickens with the clusters from India, China, Myanmar and Laos, and indicated the dispersion of BD chickens from these sources. The phylogenetic information revealed high genetic diversity of BD chickens because of their origin from different lineages with high genetic variation and distance, which was determined from four cluster and neighbour-joining trees.

4. In conclusion, BD populations had high genetic diversity. The mtDNA network profiles and phylogenetic trees showed multiple maternal origins of BD chickens from India, China, Myanmar and Laos.