乡土用材棕榈藤种半同胞家系的早期选择

本文根据61个单叶省藤家系、31个版纳省藤家系和83个黄藤家系5年生试验林的生长表现,以10%的入选率、不低于1.96的选择强度,初步筛选折算单位面积产量高的单叶省藤家系6个、版纳省藤家系3个和黄藤家系8个,产量比参试家系群体总体平均值分别高111m/667m²、124m/667m²和598m/667m²。研究结果为高产棕榈藤家系早期选择提供依据,有助于高产棕榈藤品系的早日育成。     

Seasonal Differences in Growth Performance of Four Strains of Common Carp,Cyprinus carpio in India

To assess strain related differences in growth performance and growth patterns under the same culture environment, four strains of common carp, two each of the scale carp, Cyprinus carpio var. communis (Chinese big-belly carp and long bodied carp) and mirror carp, C. carpio var. specularis (scattered carp and linear carp) were communally stocked in three fertilized earthen ponds of 0.14 ha each at 5,000 fish ha^?1 in the ratio of 1:1:1:1 during an 11-month (February to December) culture cycle. Chinese big-belly carp grew larger than other groups, among which there were no significant differences. Scale carp strains performed relatively better than mirror carp at higher temperatures and then essentially stopped growing as temperatures declined into winter. The strains of mirror carp, on the other hand continued growing well later into the cold season.     

Effects of myo‐inositol on proliferation,differentiation, oxidative status and antioxidant capacity of carp enterocytes in primary culture

This study investigated the effects of myo‐inositol (MI) on the growth and antioxidant capacity of carp enterocytes. The enterocytes were incubated in media containing 0, 15, 30, 45, 60 and 75 mg MI L^?1 for 96 h. The results indicated that MI could increase cell viability. In addition, the activities of cellular alkaline phosphatase (AKP), gamma‐glutamyl transpeptidase (γ‐GT), Na⁺, K⁺‐adenosine trisphosphatase (Na⁺, K⁺‐ATPase) and creatinkinase (CK) increased with MI supplementation at levels ranging from 15 to 60 mg MI L^?1 medium, indicating an improvement in cell differentiation and function. Further, enzymatic antioxidant ability, as measured by total superoxide dismutase (T‐SOD), Cu/Zn‐SOD, Mn‐SOD, catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione‐S‐transferase (GST) activities, improved with MI supplementation. Finally, cell damage, as indicated by lactic acid dehydrogenase (LDH) activity, malondialdehyde (MDA) content of the medium and cellular protein carbonyls (PC), was all depressed by MI. Correlation analyses showed that cell viability (MTT) was positively related to the antioxidant enzyme activities, but negatively related to cell damage (LDH, MDA and PC). In summary, the data showed that MI could improve the growth of fish enterocytes. This result may be partly due to the enhanced antioxidant status and depressed oxidative damage.     

5种体色瓯江彩鲤的繁殖性能研究

为了解不同体色瓯江彩鲤(Cyprinus carpiovar.color)的繁殖性能差异,对5种体色类型(全红、大花、麻花、粉玉和粉花)瓯江彩鲤在2、3龄阶段的繁殖性能进行了研究。结果表明:3龄雌鱼的绝对繁殖力平均为34.55万粒,比2龄雌鱼的20.09万粒高71.98%;3龄雌鱼的体重相对繁殖力为216.76粒/g,比2龄雌鱼的187.26粒/g高15.75%,3龄雌鱼的繁殖性能极显著地高于2龄雌鱼(P<0.01);而5种不同体色瓯江彩鲤的性腺指数、绝对繁殖力和相对繁殖力均不存在显著差异(P>0.05);瓯江彩鲤的绝对繁殖力与体重呈直线关系:Y=0.0225X-2.5591(R=0.835 5,P<0.01);绝对繁殖力与体长呈幂函数关系:Y=0.0068X^2.8002(R=0.728 5,P<0.01)。3龄雄鱼的性腺重极显著地高于2龄雄鱼(P<0.01),但2龄与3龄雄鱼间的性腺指数不存在显著差异(P>0.05),不同体色雄鱼间的平均性腺指数也不存在显著差异(P>0.05)。综合分析认为:瓯江彩鲤的最佳繁殖年龄,雌性以3~4龄为宜,雄性以2~3龄为宜。     

饲料脂肪水平对红白锦鲤体色、生长及部分生理生化指标的影响

本实验以初始体重为(5.85±0.19)g的红白锦鲤幼鱼为实验对象,研究在虾青素添加量为130 ms/kg时饲料脂肪水平(5.60%、7.93%、9.95%、11.93%、14.20%)对锦鲤体色、生长以及生理生化指标的影响.每组设3个平行,每个平行饲养10尾鱼,表观饱食投喂60d后,实验结果显示:脂肪水平为9.95%...     

苜蓿草粉对黄河鲤鱼消化生理指标的影响

选取来源一致、体质健康、尾均重为248.70±1.31 g的黄河鲤鱼750尾,采用单因子完全随机设计,设5个处理,3个重复,分别在基础饲粮中添加0%(对照组)、5%(试验Ⅰ组)、10%(试验Ⅱ组)、15%(试验Ⅲ组)和20%(试验Ⅳ组)紫花苜蓿草粉,研究其对黄河鲤鱼消化生理指标的影响。结果表明:1)苜蓿草粉的添加对黄河鲤鱼消化道指数无显著影响(P>0.05)。2)肝胰脏和前、中、后各肠段的蛋白酶和淀粉酶活性均随着苜蓿草粉的添加比例的增加呈现先升后降的趋势。其中,5%和10%的苜蓿草粉添加组在肝胰脏和后肠中的蛋白酶活性显著高于对照组(P<0.05);5%和10%添加组在肝胰脏和各个肠段的淀粉酶活性均显著高于对照组(P<0.05);3)适宜水平的苜蓿草粉(5%、10%)能够提高黄河鲤鱼肠绒毛高度,在前肠,10%添加组的肠绒毛高度显著高于对照组(P<0.05);而高含量的苜蓿草粉(15%、20%)则降低了肠绒毛高度。综合表明,在黄河鲤鱼饲粮中添加10%苜蓿草粉能显著提高其消化酶活性及肠绒毛高度。     

苜蓿草粉对黄河鲤鱼生长性能及着色的影响

研究不同水平0%(对照组)、5%(试验Ⅰ组)、10%(试验Ⅱ组)、15%(试验Ⅲ组)和20%(试验Ⅳ组)的苜蓿(Medicago sativa L.)草粉对黄河鲤鱼(Cyprinus carpio haematopterus Temminck et Schlegel)生长性能及着色的影响。结果显示:试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ组平均日增重、特定生长率、增重率、饵料系数均优于对照组,但差异均不显著;试验Ⅲ组显著(P<0.05)、试验Ⅳ组极显著(P<0.01)低于对照组;在肌肉中,各试验组类胡萝卜素的含量均极显著高于对照组(P<0.01),在皮肤中,试验Ⅰ组显著(P<0.05)、试验Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组极显著(P<0.01)高于对照组;试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ组的饲料增重成本均低于对照组,但差异均不显著。综合表明,在鲤鱼饲粮中添加5%~10%的苜蓿草粉为宜。     

Studies on genetic relationships among Oakleaf loquat,Daduhe loquat and common loquat by RAPD and ISSR

The genetic relationships among oakleaf loquat （Eriobotrya prinoides）, Daduhe loquat （Eriobotrya prinoides var. dadunensis） and common loquat （Eriobotrya japonica） were studied by RAPD and ISSR markers. The results showed that the similarity coefficient between oakleaf loquat and common loquat was minimal （0.6996 and 0.7219, respectively） and the similarity coefficient between oakleaf loquat and Daduhe loquat was maximal （0.8403 and 0.8211, respectively）, while the similarity coefficient between Daduhe loquat and common loquat was always intermediate （0.7195 and 0.7219, respectively）. The highest additivity was obtained when Daduhe loquat was regarded as the undetermined hybrid （44.9% and 45.8%, respectively）. The specific bands of oakleaf loquat and common loquat were present in Daduhe loquat. Thus, it could be concluded that Daduhe loquat was a hybrid of oakleaf loquat and common loquat.     

氯氰菊酯通过食物链在鲤鱼肾脏和小肠中的生物积累效应

以鲤鱼为研究对象,对常用农药氯氰菊酯通过食物链(蔬菜-黄粉虫幼虫-鲤鱼)在鲤鱼肾脏和小肠内的富集效应进行了研究.饲喂的蔬菜农药残留剂量为2.00 mg·kg-1和10.00 mg·kg-1,通过HPLC定量检测黄粉虫幼虫体内及鲤鱼肾脏和小肠内氯氰菊酯的富集浓度,同时对鲤鱼肾脏和小肠组织结构进行了观察.结果显示,氯氰菊酯在黄粉虫幼虫及鲤鱼体内的富集浓度与剂量旱正相关,在食物链中的富集呈逐级递增,且对黄粉虫幼虫及鲤鱼的摄食情况及活动能力有明显的影响,随着处理时间的延长及剂量的增大,氯氰菊酯对鲤鱼.肾脏及小肠结构损伤程度也增大.凶此,杀虫剂氯氰菊酯的使用会通过食物链对环境中生物乃至人类健康和生态平衡造成影响,应慎重使用.     

框镜鲤嗜水气单胞菌的分离鉴定

以患病濒死的框镜鲤为材料,得到1株细菌,动物回归试验证明其具有较强的致病性,然后对病原菌的形态学、培养特性、理化特性、16SrRNA序列分析等生物学特性进行了鉴定与分析。结果表明,该菌株为嗜水气单胞菌。