Accuracy of serum beta-hydroxybutyrate measurements for the diagnosis of diabetic ketoacidosis in 116 dogs

The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of serum beta-hydroxybutyrate (beta-OHB) measurements for the diagnosis of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) in dogs. One hundred sixteen diabetic dogs were prospectively enrolled in the study: 18 insulin-treated (IT) diabetic dogs that had a positive urine ketone test and 88 untreated, newly diagnosed diabetic dogs. Venous blood gas tensions and pH, serum glucose and urea nitrogen (SUN), and electrolyte (Na+, Cl-, and K+) and urine acetoacetate (AA) concentrations were measured concurrently with serum beta-OHB concentrations. On the basis of laboratory findings, the patients were assigned to I of 3 groups: diabetic ketoacidosis (n = 43); diabetic ketosis (DK, n = 41); and nonketotic diabetes (NDK, n = 31). Serum beta-OHB concentrations differed significantly (P < .001) among the study groups. Although marked differences in beta-OHB concentrations were found, a considerable overlap exists between the distributions of dogs with DK and those with DKA. The overall accuracy of beta-OHB determination as a diagnostic test for DKA, determined by the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, was 0.92. In the 1.9- to 4.8-mmol/L range, serum beta-OHB determination sensitivity varied from 100 to 35.7%, whereas specificity varied from 39 to 100%. The cutoff value of 3.8 mmol/L showed the best equilibrium between specificity (95%), sensitivity (72%), and likelihood ratio (14.8). We concluded that the quantitative measurement of serum beta-OHB may be a potential tool for diagnosing and monitoring ketosis and ketoacidosis in diabetic dogs.     

奶牛真胃变位研究概况

近年来奶牛真胃变位病的发生呈上升趋势,探讨其病因及预防和治疗方法非常必要.文章在总结大量的临床实践和试验研究的基础上,对奶牛真胃变位病的病因、发病机理、诊断要点及治疗方法进行了总结,认为本病的主要病因是奶牛采食过量高精料日粮和缺乏运动;手术整复与固定是该病的主要治疗方法;预防该病的发生主要是增加优质粗饲料的喂量和加强奶牛怀孕后期管理.     

河北省奶牛牛病毒性腹泻/粘膜病病毒的分离鉴定

从河北省某规模化奶牛场牛病毒性腹泻/粘膜病(BVD/MD)疑似病例中采集病料,将处理好的病料接种MDBK细胞,盲传9代,得到了不产生细胞病变的病毒。琼脂扩散试验表明本病毒能与牛病毒性腹泻病毒(BVDV)OregonC24标准阳性血清反应,出现沉淀线;细胞培养物用BVD/MD荧光抗体染色检测,可见到荧光着染的特异性细胞,荧光颗粒出现于胞浆中。双抗体夹心ELISA检测病毒抗原结果BVDVOregonC24VP/N为3.141,分离毒P/N为3.012,P/N>2,与BVDVOregonC24V结果一致;电镜观察到圆形、直径为40～60nm,有囊膜,囊膜表面有突起的病毒粒子,与BVDV颗粒基本一致。经RT-CR检测,扩增出了唯一的315bp的目的条带,进一步证实为牛病毒性腹泻/粘膜病病毒。     

我国奶牛布鲁氏菌病防控的现状与防控措施

布鲁氏菌病是一种人畜共患传染病,世界动物卫生组织将其列为B类动物疫病.病牛可通过其产品和代谢产物排出病原菌,感染人和其他动物,引起其他动物发病.国家对奶牛布鲁氏菌病的防控投入了大量的人力、物力,但收效甚微.近年来,不断有人感染布病的报道出现.笔者根据多年的工作体会,对当前我国奶牛布鲁氏菌病的防控做了现状分析,并提出一些对策供大家参考.     

Selecting linear-score distributions for modelling milk-culture results

The data for this cross-sectional retrospective study are from surveys of 65 dairy-cattle herds in central New York, USA sampled between February, 1993 and March, 1995. The objective was to identify probability distributions of logarithmically transformed somatic-cell counts (linear score) for use in a simulation model of mastitis and milk quality. Probability density functions were estimated using maximum-likelihood estimators for the linear score of individual-cow compositemilk samples culture negative and culture positive for the pathogens Streptococcus agalactiae, Streptococcus non-agalactiae, Staphylococcus aureus, and coagulase-negative staphylococci for the complete dataset and by bulk-tank somatic-cell count group (< 500 000, ≥ 500 000 SCC/ml). Based on the rankings of three goodness-of-fit tests (Anderson-Darling, Kolmogorov-Smirnov and x²), the Weibull distribution (among the three top-ranking distributions for 14 out of 15 cases) may be used to model the individual-cow linear-score response by culture-result-specific bulk-tank somatic-cell count group. A β distribution was among the three top-ranking distributions for nine out of 15 culture-result-specific bulk-tank somatic-cell count groups and has a logical relationship to linear score because it is defined on a fixed interval. On the other hand, the normal distribution had a poorer fit than the Weibull and at least two other distributions for all culture negative and coagulase-negative staphylococci samples. We do not assume that the underlying biological processes are fully explained by either Weibull or β distribution—but modelling the linear score for the above culture results with these distributions provided an adequate fit to the survey data, reduced the need for two-sided truncation that open intervals needed, and had errors that did not appear to be systematically positive or negative.     

MEK-石脑油可回收稀释降粘输送工艺

概述了稠油的物性,分析了石脑油中加入MEK(甲基乙基酮)后对稠油的稀释降粘效果。介绍了MEK-石脑油可回收的稠油稀释降粘工艺流程,指出MEK-石脑油回收稀释降粘工艺虽比石脑油回收稀释降粘工艺增设了一套MEK回收装置,投资及运行成本略高,但其降粘效果较好,能够以较小的稀释比提高稠油的输送能力。     

银杏叶用品种的初步筛选研究

通过对收集的１６个银杏优良单株４年生嫁接苗的叶产量、黄酮含量进行初步比较研究，结果表明：不同单株间叶产量、黄酮含量存在显著差异；银杏植株各器官中黄酮合量以芽最高，叶次之，根枝较低。综合分析表明：ＷＬ１６８号表现最优，其次为桂林３号等，可在生产中推广应用。     

Purified Culture Systems for Bovine Oviductal Stromal Cells

Isolated stromal cells from the ampullary and isthmic parts of bovine oviductal tissues were cultured in monolayer and spheroid (cell aggregate) systems. Prostaglandin F2α (PGF) plays a crucial role in oviductal contraction and is produced by oviductal epithelial cells in cattle. Since stromal cells of many organs produce PGF, PGF production by bovine oviductal stromal cells was investigated. After PGF synthesis was confirmed, the utility of isolation and culture methods for oviductal stromal cells was evaluated by PGF production in the present study. The homogeneity of the cells was > 99%. PGF production of the cells was increased by tumor necrosis factor-α. The stromal cells aggregated and formed a spheroid by the treatments with several reagents. PGF production was higher in the spheroid culture than in the monolayer culture. The isolation and culture methods described here will facilitate studies of the physiological function of bovine oviductal stromal cells.     

两种定性检测方法对围产期奶牛亚临床酮病的检测结果比较

采用酮粉法和试剂法检测贵南县两个奶牛场135头临床健康的围产期奶牛的尿酮和乳酮,结果表明,试剂法和酮粉法均可用于早期检测尿中酮体,临床上以粉剂法更佳;奶牛酮病的早期诊断应在产后10d左右开始,尿酮阳性率高而敏感,而乳酮阳性率低;尿酮阳性率集中在产后20d。