融合高光谱图像技术与MS-3DCNN的小麦种子品种识别模型

小麦品种的纯度和小麦产量密切相关,为了实现小麦种子品种的快速识别,该研究利用高光谱图像技术结合多尺度三维卷积神经网络（Multi-Scale 3D Convolutional Neural Network,MS-3DCNN）提出了一种小麦种子的品种识别模型。首先,利用连续投影算法（Successive Projections Algorithm,SPA）对原始高光谱图像进行波段选择,以减少MS-3DCNN模型的输入图像通道数量,降低网络训练参数规模;其次,利用多尺度三维卷积模块提取特征图的图像特征和不同特征图之间的耦合特征;最后,以6个品种小麦共6 000粒种子的高光谱图像（400～1 000 nm）为研究对象,基于SPA算法选择了22个波段高光谱数据,利用MS-3DCNN、支持向量机（Support Vector Machine,SVM）分别构建了识别模型。试验结果表明,MS-3DCNN模型取得了96.72%的测试集识别准确率,相较于光谱特征SVM识别模型和融合特征SVM识别模型分别提高了15.38%和9.50%。进一步比较了MS-3DCNN与基于二维卷积核、三维卷积核、多尺度二维卷积核构建的多个识别模型性能,结果表明多尺度三维卷积核能提取多种尺度的信息,其识别模型的准确率提高了1.34%～2.70%,可为小麦种子高光谱图像品种识别提供一种可行的技术途径。     

基于卷积神经网络的玉米病害小样本识别研究

农作物病害治理对于农作物的产量和品质有着非常重要的影响。本文针对玉米病害人工识别困难、识别过程耗费大量的人力成本和病害数据样本小且分布不均的问题，提出了一种改进的迁移学习神经网络（Neural Network）的病害识别方法。首先，采用旋转、翻转等方法对样本图像集进行数据增强；其次，通过迁移的MobileNetV2模型在玉米病害图像数据集上训练，利用Focal Loss函数改进神经网络的损失函数；最后，通过Softmax分类方法实现玉米病害图像识别。另外通过试验对比AlexNet、GooleNet、Vgg16、RestNet34、MobileNetV2和迁移的MobileNetV2这6种模型的训练集准确率、验证集准确率、权重、参数数量和运行时间。结果显示，6种模型验证集的准确率分别为93.88%、95.48%、91.69%、97.67%、96.21%和97.23%，迁移的MobileNetV2的准确率最高，且权重仅有8.69 MB。进一步通过混淆矩阵对比了MobileNetV2和迁移的MobileNetV2两种模型，迁移的MobileNetV2模型识别正确率提升1.02%，训练速度减少6 350 s。本文提出迁移的MobileNetV2模型对玉米病害小样本的识别效果最佳，具备更好的收敛速度与识别能力，同时能够降低模型的运算量并大幅度缩短识别时间。     

深度学习在农业领域的研究与应用综述

深度学习是目前人工智能领域最重要的技术之一,在学术领域和工程应用掀起了研究高潮。鉴于深度学习在农业领域的应用潜力和重要性,通过对深度学习有关文献的研究,首先详细描述了深度学习的概念,结合典型深度神经网络的结构特征,对其特点、优缺点、变体以及应用现状进行了综述;然后重点介绍了深度学习在语音识别、农业场景目标检测、农业图像语义分割领域的发展和应用;最后分析了深度学习在农业领域目前存在的问题和未来重点的研究方向。     

基于卷积神经网络的田间麦穗检测方法研究

为提高卷积神经网络对麦穗的识别检测精度,在YOLOv5检测模型基础上提出改进的识别检测模型YOLOv5-αTB,在特征提取网络末端部分加入Transformer模块,强化特征提取网络对小麦麦穗图像的颜色、纹理、几何等特征的提取,在特征融合部分将路径聚合网络（path aggregation network,PANet）替换成加权双向特征金字塔（bidirectional feature pyramid network,BiFPN）,进一步优化多尺度特征的融合。针对边界框回归损失函数的计算方式IoU的局限性,引入了α-CIoU加强了边界框回归的效果。利用YOLOv5-αTB检测模型在测试集上得到的精确度（precision）、召回率（recall）和平均精度(average precision,AP)分别是99.95%、81.86%和88.64%,在平均精度上相比于传统的YOLOv5模型提升2.92个百分点。该模型检测统计麦穗数量对比人工计数结果,识别检测精度约为97.00%。     

The image recognition of urban greening tree species based on deep learning and CAMP-MKNet model

The information of urban tree species resources is of vital significance to the planning and design of urban green spaces. Tree organs, such as the bark are used as the primary features of identifying tree species. However, traditional tree identification methods need to consume a lot of manpower and time costs. In addition, the application of machine image recognition technology to tree species recognition still has problems such as heavy data preprocessing workload, small number of tree species images, uneven distribution of categories, and low recognition accuracy. In order to promote the intelligent management of urban forestry and solve the above problems, it is necessary to establish an automatic image recognition model for urban greening tree species. We captured bark images of 21 urban afforestation tree species in their natural environment and constructed a dataset that was divided into a train set, validation set, and test set in the ratio of 7:1:2. Combining Channel Attention Module (CAM) with algorithms such as Spatial Pyramid Pooling (SPP) and Mixed Depthwise Dilated Convolutional Kernels. The core algorithm is Mixed Convolution Kernel (MK), and a CAMP-MKNet Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) is constructed as a bark image classification model for urban greening tree species. The overall accuracy of the generic models ranged from 41.06% to 82.03%, whereas the overall accuracy of the experimental CAMP-MKNet model was 84.25%, with lower prediction cost. Our study shows that the CAMP-MKNet CNN model with better prediction performance and computational cost and can provide crucial insights and technical support for developing automated urban tree species image recognition systems.