水温和光照对牙鲆亲鱼性腺成熟和产卵的影响

报道了不同水温和光照时间对牙鲆亲鱼性腺成熟和产卵的影响。通过提高水温和延长光照时间,可促使亲鱼提前1～5个月成熟和产卵,并得出促熟培育与光照时间和水温的相关方程式     

星突江鲽胚胎发育的研究

对人工干法授精、微量充气孵化条件下星突江鲽的胚胎发育进行了研究。星突江鲽受精卵为分离的球形浮性卵,无油球、卵膜薄、光滑且透明,具弹性。吸水前卵径为0．66～0．70mm,吸水后为0．91～1．06mm。根据胚胎发育的外部形态及典型特征将星突江鲽胚胎发育过程划分为卵裂期、囊胚期、原肠期、神经胚期、胚孔关闭、眼泡和肌节形成、尾芽形成、晶体出现、听囊出现、出膜前期和出膜期11个连续的典型时期。在11±0．5℃水温下,受精卵经过101h仔鱼脱膜孵出。初孵仔鱼全长2．3～2．5mm,卵黄囊长径1．075～1．25mm,短径0．60～0．675mm。     

牙鲆雌核发育研究进展

牙鲆(Paralichthys olivaceus)是一种重要的海水经济鱼类,其雌性生长速度显著快于雄性。因此,生产全雌牙鲆对提高养殖产量和经济效益具有重要意义。雌核发育是一种特殊的有性生殖方式,在这种生殖方式中,灭活的精子进入卵子,激活胚胎发育,但精核不与卵核融合形成合子,所以雌核发育的个体只具有母本的遗传信息。目前,牙鲆已成为雌核发育技术应用于产业的代表性鱼类。本文对牙鲆人工诱导雌核发育的研究进展进行综述,介绍牙鲆减数分裂雌核发育和有丝分裂雌核发育的诱导方法,以及雌核发育技术在性别控制、克隆制备等育种研究中的应用。最后,作者提出"雌核发育育种体系"构想,并对其在鱼类育种和遗传研究中的应用前景进行展望。     

编码金属标签对牙鲆(Paralichthys olivaceus)苗种标记的效果

为了开发适宜牙鲆(Paralichthys olivaceus)苗种放流的标志技术,利用编码金属标签(CWT)对不同规格牙鲆苗种进行了标记实验,并从标记死亡率、脱标率、适宜标记鱼规格等方面评价了CWT的标记效果.结果显示,CWT标记3种规格的牙鲆苗种后,脱标均发生在标记后的4d内,其后未再发生脱标现象.小规格苗种[全长为(5.92±0.41)cm]死亡率较高(13％),中规格苗种[全长(8.92±0.36) cm]死亡率为2％,大规格苗种[全长为(12.06士0.62) cm]死亡率为1％.小规格、中规格和大规格苗种脱标率分别为3.3％、2.4％和0.7％.建立了标记死亡率(M)与苗种全长(TL)、体厚度(BT)的关系模型:M=0.7254 TL2-15.3220TL+79.4260 (R2=0.9601);M=1.3627 BT2-15.5610 BT+ 44.4330 (R2=0.9645),为适宜苗种规格选择与标记效果评价提供了依据.今后利用CWT标签进行牙鲆苗种标志放流时,建议选择全长6 cm以上的苗种进行背部肌肉标记,标记对苗种游泳行为和生长无影响,表明CWT是一种适宜在牙鲆大规模标志放流中应用的理想标志方式.     

东南太平洋智利竹筴鱼栖息地指数的比较研究

根据2000~2007年度东南太平洋智利竹筴鱼的商业捕捞数据,结合海洋环境数据(SST,SSA,SSHG以及等温层深度),运用4种关联建模方法计算其栖息地指数,并使用Surffer 8.0软件绘制出HSI的空间分布图。通过2008年度的捕捞数据进行验证,结果表明4种模型的结果存在明显差异:采用算术平均法和几何平均法时,主要产量分布在0.6HSI0.9的区域;采用最大值法时,主要产量集中在0.8HSI1.0的区域;采用最小值法时,主要产量分布在0.3HSI0.6的区域。通过4种模型的验证结果比较,本文认为算术平均法和几何平均法能较好地反映东南太平洋智利竹筴鱼的中心渔场位置以及分布特征。     

漠斑牙鲆微咸水养殖试验

在盐度为2.0～3.0的微咸水条件下,用已淡化的漠斑牙鲆鱼种开展漠斑牙鲆工厂化养殖试验。经183d养殖,漠斑牙鲆平均体重由45g增长至313g,平均增重268g,日均增重1.46g,成活率92.9%,平均产量7.21kg/m2,投饲系数0.73。     

双齿围沙蚕-牙鲆网箱综合养殖模型碳、氮收支的实验研究

在实验室条件下, 设计相同的牙鲆(Paralichthys olivaceus)鱼苗网箱养殖密度(密度5尾/箱, 鱼苗体质量约21 g), 分别与不同数量的双齿围沙蚕(Perinereis albuhitensis, 0 g, 50 g, 70 g, 90 g)混合养殖, 4个实验组分别记作C、S1、S2和S3, 网箱规格为Ф60 cm×30 cm。各实验组设3个平行组, 实验进行40 d。牙鲆和沙蚕在称重前均饥饿24 h, 同时取5尾牙鲆和20 g沙蚕作为实验初始样品。实验期间, 每天07:30和18:00分2次投喂配合饲料, 根据对照组饵料剩余情况适时调整投喂量, 每个实验单元的投饵量基本一致, 此过程中不处理残饵和粪便。实验单元采用微流水, 流量为250~500 L/d。实验期间, 24 h持续微量充气。至实验结束时, 全部生物饥饿24 h。将其全部取出, 擦干体表水分, 称重后置于70℃干燥箱中烘干至衡重, 研磨、分析。结果表明, 对照组(C)的底质积累碳、氮量最高, 各实验组水体净输出的氮和有机碳量以及呼吸碳量分别无显著差异(P>0.05)。饲料是碳、氮输入的主要来源。在输出各项中, 各个实验组水体净输出氮占输出氮比例无显著差异(P>0.05), 而系统净排放氮以对照组所占比例最高, 但与S1和S2组无显著差异(P>0.05); 对照组底质积累氮所占输出氮比例显著高于S2和S3组(P<0.05)。对照组底质积累碳所占比例显著高于其他各实验组(P<0.05); 对照组和S1组的水体净输出有机碳比例显著高于S3组(P<0.05), 而S3组碳净排放占碳输出的比例显著低于对照组和S1组(P<0.05)。碳、氮产投比均以对照组最低。在本研究条件下, 双齿围沙蚕在综合养殖模型中可利用牙鲆网箱养殖产生的残饵和粪便, 减少底质碳、氮积累, 提高产投比, 综合养殖模型既可以降低碳、氮排放, 又可以增加产品产出。结论认为, 网箱养殖牙鲆搭配双齿围沙蚕的综合养殖模型理论上具有可行性, 双齿围沙蚕可以作为牙鲆网箱养殖产生的残饵和粪便的一道有效处理屏障, 此模型在港湾和围堰鱼类网箱养殖中更有意义。

     

Development of Aquaculture Methods for Southern Flounder,Paralichthys lethostigma

ABSTRACT

A detailed spawning and larval rearing protocol for the production of southern flounder, Paralichthys lethostigma, is presented. The protocol is based on the results of spawning, larval culture and fingerling production trials with the southern flounder, which were completed during 1998 and 1999. Seventy-six brood fish (0.1-3.8 kg) were collected from the wild, acclimated to captivity, and stocked in matura tion tanks. Sex ratio (male:female) was 1.1:1. Males (0.1-1.0 kg; mean = 0.5 kg±0.30 SD) were significantly smaller (P > 000.1) than females (0.5-3.8 kg; mean =1.8 kg±0.75 SD). Spermatogenesis was achieved using temperature manipulation during a 3-month period. Vitellogenesis was nearly completed when most females were caught, and final ovulation was accomplished using gonadotropin releasing hormone-analogue (GnRH-a) implants and human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG). Eggs were obtained from both tank and strip spawnings. At 24-26°C, fertilized eggs hatched within 24-28 hours. Weaning to artificial diets was completed after 5 weeks, when metamorphosis was completed. Epizootics of Vibriosis and Amyloodinium ocellatum caused massive mortalities. Average survival rate from eggs to fully metamorphosed fingerlings was 30%, ranging from 5-40%. A total of 14,562 juveniles measuring 5 cm were produced in these experimental trials. Approximately 25% of the fingerlings exhibited pigment abnormalities known as hypomelanosis or pseudo-albinism on the dark side and hypermelanosis or ambicoloration on the blind side. Reversed asymmetry was observed in 5% of the fingerlings and a few individuals (0.02%) exhibited no ocular migration at all. A large size variation was observed during early larval development stages, with larger individuals growing faster through post-larval, juvenile, and adult stages. Results suggest that hatchery production of southern flounder fingerlings should rely on early culling of runts.     

Cryopreservation of summer flounder,Paralichthys dentatus L., sperm

The summer flounder, Paralichthys dentatus L., is a high‐value species and considerable research has been conducted to determine practices conducive for its culture. As milt can be limited in this species, experiments were conducted to develop a practical sperm cryopreservation protocol for hatchery use. Two dilution ratios (1:2 and 1:4; sperm:extender), 2 diluents (saline and sucrose‐based), 2 cryoprotectants (10% DMSO and 12% glycerol) and 3 freezing rates (?5, ?10 and ?15°C min^?1) were evaluated using differential staining to assess post‐thaw sperm survival. Seven combinations of the factors examined reduced post‐thaw viability by less than 30%. The average viability of sperm from fresh, pooled flounder milt (67.2 ± 2.9%) was not different from that of thawed milt diluted 1:4 with sucrose diluent (10% DMSO) frozen at ?5°C min^?1 (38.4 ± 7.7%) and fertilization and hatch success were not different in trials using fresh or thawed, cryopreserved sperm. From these experiments a practical sperm cryopreservation method was developed, but further refinement of the freezing protocol is necessary to optimize results.     

鲆鲽类工厂化养殖指标体系建设——基于农产品成本收益分析的研究

我国从20世纪50年代末开始进行农产品成本收益核算,至今已有半个世纪。2004年开始实行新调查核算体系,标志着农产品成本调查工作步入新的发展道路,但涉及水产养殖成本收益分析的研究较少。借鉴国内外农产品成本收益核算指标体系的设置,以鲆鲽类工厂化养殖为例,建立成本收益核算指标体系,并对将来的进一步研究提出了建议。