利用体外培养法建立饲料营养成分与瘤胃丙酸产量的回归模型

根据美国康乃尔净碳水化合物和蛋白质体系 (CNCPS) ,分析测定了 4类 2 4种饲料的营养成分 ,利用体外批次培养技术测定了它们在体外培养一定时间后的丙酸产量 ,并由此建立了饲料中产丙酸的营养成分和瘤胃丙酸产量的回归方程     

Ecological consequences of variation in standard metabolism and dominance among salmon parr

Abstract – Standard metabolic rate (SMR, closely related to basal and resting metabolism) varies by up to threefold among juvenile Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., of similar size at common temperature. Here, consequences of this variation are predicted by combining empirically derived relationships between SMR, specific dynamic action, energy budgets, water velocity, food level in the environment and food availability to fish. The range of velocities across which growth is predicted to occur is inversely related to a fish’s SMR. Growth is positively related to SMR at high but negatively related to it at low‐food levels. The relationship between food level and the range of velocities over which lower SMR fish can grow but higher SMR fish cannot is asymmetrically bi‐phasic and peaked. It is predicted that maternal manipulation of offspring SMR would generate fitness benefits through bet‐hedging against unpredictability in food level and increases in the overall range of velocities that the family of offspring can occupy and thrive in.     

土壤外源钴对大麦根伸长的毒害及其预测模型

选取我国11种不同性质的农田土壤，通过外源添加重金属钴（Co），研究其对大麦（Hordeum vulgare L.）根伸长的毒性阈值及土壤性质对Co毒性的影响。结果发现，Co对大麦根伸长10%抑制效应（EC₁₀）在11种土壤中的变化范围为37.1~3 914 mg·kg^-1土（105.5倍），50%抑制效应（EC₅₀）的变化范围为166.1~6 030 mg·kg^-1土（36.3倍）。建立土壤性质与毒性阈值的回归方程，结果表明土壤pH是影响土壤Co毒性阈值最重要的因子，作为单因子时分别可以解释77.6%、72%的EC₁₀和EC₅₀的变异（P≤0.001）。当在EC₁₀预测模型中引入土壤pH和土壤黏粒（Clay）双因子时，可以解释83.9%的EC₁₀的变异（P<0.001），EC₅₀预测模型中引入土壤pH和总碳（TC）双因子时，可以解释86.1%的EC₅₀的变异（P<0.001）。将我国土壤中得到的Co毒性阈值预测模型和欧洲北美10种土壤的预测模型进行比较验证，结果发现基于我国土壤得到的预测模型可以较为准确地预测欧洲北美土壤中Co的大麦根伸长毒性阈值，但基于欧洲北美土壤的预测模型不能准确预测我国土壤中Co的毒性阈值。研究表明，我国土壤性质对Co毒性有显著的影响，基于土壤性质建立的预测模型可为土壤中Co生态风险评价提供参考依据。     

谷子秸秆剪切力与其饲料营养特性变化规律及相互关系

为探究谷子秸秆力学性质与其饲料特性的变化规律及相互关系，选用谷物完熟期的谷子秸秆，将其分为5段（近根部、中下部、中部、中上部、上部）并每隔7 d进行秸秆节间、茎节力学性质（剪切、压缩）和饲料特性（形态指标、营养成分）测定。试验结果表明：谷物完熟后，随着时间的推进，秸秆节间、茎节剪切力、抗压强度、干物质含量、纤维素含量、半纤维素含量和木质素含量总体上呈增大趋势，而秸秆含水率、当量直径、横截面积、线性密度和粗蛋白含量总体上呈减小趋势。谷子秸秆单位直径剪切力与含水率和线性密度呈负相关关系（R2≥0.903），与其干物质、纤维素、半纤维素和木质素含量呈正相关关系（R2≥0.845），与其粗蛋白含量无显著相关关系（P>0.05）。采收期内，谷子秸秆基部起秸秆剪切力至顶部逐渐增大，且剪切力与当量直径、横截面积呈正相关关系（R2≥0.916）。试验表明谷子秸秆饲料特性指标验证试验值与预测值相对误差不大于6.48%，预测模型合理。测量秸秆剪切力可用于预测其形态指标参数和营养成分含量，进而一定程度地反映秸秆饲用价值和反刍动物择食趋向。采收期内，谷子中部及以上秸秆单位直径剪切力显著小于其近根部（P<0.05），更适合饲用；且谷物完熟后，及时采收可避免秸秆饲用价值降低。该研究可为高效利用谷子秸秆资源提供参考。     

Hyperspectral Models for Estimating SPAD Value of Cotton Leaves under Waterlogging Stress

[Object] To setup the hyperspectral sensing models for estimating SPAD value of cotton leaves under waterlogging stress. [Method] Irrigation and drainage controllable plots were introduced to simulate the waterlogging stress treatment in the flowering and boll forming stage, during which the change characteristics of the cotton leaf spectral reflectance and SPAD value were observed after 1 d, 3 d, 6 d, 9 d waterlogging, respectively. To find out the hyperspectral sensing models for estimating SPAD value of cotton leaves under waterlogging stress, the correlation and regression relationships between SPAD value and spectrum parameters were analyzed. [Result] (1) The SPAD value of the fourth cotton leaf from the top was significantly lower than control when suffers from waterlogging for 3 d, when waterlogged 9 d the SPAD value decreased by around 15% compared with the control. (2) The cotton suffering from waterlogged damage in the flowering and boll forming stage caused the reflection peak in green light wave band became steep, while the near infrared spectral reflectance increased, and caused the reduction of red absorption and red edge position "blue shifts", the red edge position drifts towards short wave with 4～5 nm when suffers from waterlogging for 9 d. With increase of the waterlogged days, the red edge slope and red edge area increased with a maximum value at 6 d of waterlogging, meanwhile, the skewness and kurtosis of red edge increased. (3) After waterlogging, the SPAD value of the fourth cotton leaf from the top (chlorophyll content) had a remarkable correlation with red edge slope(Dr), red edge position(λr), green peak reflection(Rg), green peak position(λg), red well position(λo), blue edge area(SDb), yellow edge skewness(Sy), yellow edge kurtosis(Ky), red edge skewness(Sr), red edge kurtosis(Kr), etc. An experience linear, polynomial and exponential models for estimating SPAD value had been built through using the Sy, Sr, Kr as independent variables, respectively, their determination coefficient (R²) were greater than 0.9, and the root mean square error (RMSE) were less than 1; and an experience binary linear regression equation for estimating SPAD value had been built through multivariate regression using the λg, SDr/SDb(VI3), Sb, Sy, Ky as independent variables, the R² was as high as 0.973, and the RMSE was 0.393. [Conclusion] The model can be remote sensing model used as estimating leaf SPAD of cotton value under waterlogging stress.     

消费需求模型的理论与应用

随着消费需求函数形式的不断丰富和复杂化，形成多种消费需求模型，广泛应用于食品需求结构分析，农产品进出口贸易等研究领域.论文通过对消费需求模型理论研究进行梳理，通过理论假设和理论约束的分析，梳理出应用较广的消费需求模型的主要类型的理论依据和数理分析逻辑，以及模型应用过程中面临的问题和各自的优、缺点.研究结论将有助于加深对消费需求模型理论与实证应用的理解，为有关消费需求的研究提供可选择的研究方法和研究依据.     

基于EDEM的猪粪接触参数标定

为准确快速获得畜禽粪便的接触参数,该研究通过物理堆积试验与仿真方法对猪粪接触参数进行了标定。测定了不同含水率下猪粪的堆积角,建立了含水率与堆积角的回归方程;基于Hertz-Mindlin with JKR球体粘结模型,进行了离散元仿真模拟;采用筛选试验设计(Plackett-BurmanDesign,P-BD)对10个初始参数进行了筛选,发现JKR(Johnso-Kendall-Roberts)表面能、颗粒间滚动摩擦系数、颗粒间碰撞恢复系数对猪粪堆积角影响显著;并根据响应曲面试验设计(Box-BehnkenDesign,B-BD)建立了堆积角与显著性参数的二阶回归模型,得到了3个显著性参数值分别为JKR表面能0.03J/m~2、颗粒间滚动摩擦系数0.27、颗粒间碰撞恢复系数0.54;将仿真所得堆积角与物理试验值进行对比验证,相对误差为4.27%。结果表明,该研究提出的标定方法能准确模拟物理堆积试验,可为畜禽粪便接触参数的标定提供参考。     

格网化小麦生长模拟预测系统设计与实现

利用作物生长模型模拟小麦区域生产力,分析气候变化对农业生产的影响是研究粮食安全的热点问题之一。拥有操作方便、计算快速特点的小麦区域生产力模拟系统,可有效提高作物生长模型区域应用能力。该研究在分解小麦生长模型WheatGrow算法基础上,利用Python语言构建了格网化小麦生长模型,实现了基于空间格网数据的小麦区域生产力模拟。验证试验结果表明:模拟产量的均方根误差为1 070 kg/hm~2,标准均方根误差小于20%,系统所集成的WheatGrow模型具有较好的预测性;同时,结合格网数据分块构建区域模拟的并行计算策略,优化了区域模拟的性能。在此基础上,采用GIS组件式开发模式,在.NET平台下开发格网化小麦生长模拟预测系统,实现作物生长模型与GIS耦合,为研究区域小麦产量潜力,评估气候变化对小麦生长影响,制定农业决策提供软件工具。     

基于模式比较视角下的合作社微信营销分析

利用定性分析法和比较研究法对中国合作社现有的主要营销模式进行优劣考量,在此基础上借鉴电子商务的一般特性,创造性地提出合作社微信营销概念,构建了合作社微信营销结构示意图和传播示意图,分析了微信营销与一般电子商务之间的区别及联系,实现了合作社营销模式的创新.