2005—2016年中国东海鲐鱼渔场的时空分布及与海表面温度的关联

鲐鱼(Scomber japonicus)是中上层经济鱼类,也是我国近海重要的捕捞对象,其资源分布受不同尺度气候和海洋环境变化的显著影响。本文根据2005-2016年7-9月中国远洋渔业数据中心提供的我国东海鲐鱼捕捞数据,结合关键因子海表面温度(sea surface temperature,SST),计算各年鲐鱼渔场经纬度重心,量化鲐鱼渔场重心的时空变化。进一步分析了捕捞努力量在经度、纬度以及SST上的分布规律,并基于聚类法筛选出代表年份评估异常气候事件对鲐鱼渔场内SST及渔场重心时空分布的影响。研究结果显示,鲐鱼渔场重心具有显著的年际和月间变化,7-9月渔场逐渐向东北方向移动,且主要分布在SST为25~28°C范围内。聚类分析将各月份渔场重心分为四类,其中2007和2015年渔场分布具有显著差异。此外,鲐鱼渔场内SST与尼诺指数具有显著的正相关关系,且代表年份2007和2015年分别对应拉尼娜事件和厄尔尼诺事件,当拉尼娜事件发生时,渔场内SST上升,渔场重心逐渐北移;而厄尔尼诺事件发生时,渔场内SST下降,渔场重心主要分布在南部海域。研究表明,中国东海鲐鱼渔场时空分布受到厄尔尼诺和拉尼娜调控的海表温度变化的显著影响。     

东海南部鲐鱼生物学特征研究

本文根据1999年～2003年7月、8月在东海南部进行的4次鲐鱼围网调查资料，对东海南部海域的鲐鱼生物学特性进行研究。鲐鱼最小叉长为15．4cm，最大为28．8cm，平均叉长22．1cm；优势叉长组为19～25cm，其出现频率为80％。2002年、2003年鲐鱼叉长组成个体比1999年、2001年大；鲐鱼叉长与体重的关系进行拟合后的关系式为：W=0．0034L^3.3404；鲐鱼胃饱满度以0级为主，占70％；年龄组成以当龄鱼为主。     

Stocking effectiveness of hatchery-released kuruma prawns estimated by two-stage sampling of commercial catch in Ariake Sound, Japan

ABSTRACT:    To evaluate the stocking effectiveness of the kuruma prawn Penaeus japonicus , a two-stage sampling survey of Gensiki bottom-drift-netters was carried out in Ariake Sound, Saga Prefecture, Japan. A total of 471 000 hatchery-produced juveniles, marked by cutting off the right uropods, was released. Thirty-three fishing days were randomly drawn from four boats, which were selected from the 80 boats operating in the fishery. All prawns caught on the selected days were examined, and the hatchery-produced individuals were identified by their regenerated uropods. A telephone survey of all boats was also conducted, to determine the number of fishing days. A total of 286 marked prawns were caught on the survey days for the Saga area in Ariake Sound, from the last half of July to the first half of September 2002. The recapture rate and standard error were estimated at 0.76 ± 0.52%. Economic efficiency was estimated at 0.28 ± 0.02. Strategies for sampling schemes and stock recovery are also discussed.     

灵山岛浅海岩礁区刺参增殖放流研究

１９９１－１９９２年在灵山岛西侧海区进行了刺参增殖放流试验。结果表明，笼播参苗在自然海区比较安全，参苗存活率为１０％左右。撒播参苗因短期内较骓适应自然海况，易被海流带走等多种因素，参苗存活率甚低。     

多糖和益生菌对暗纹东方纯免疫功能的调节

2003年春以来，山东、辽宁等地区养殖的仿刺参出现急性口围肿胀症，其症状是口围肿胀，体表溃烂，排脏，管足附着力下降，脱落沉至池底，死亡率较高。从病参口围、体表及体壁分离出优势菌10株，经人工感染试验证实其中菌株KW21、KW22、KW23、NB13和NB14是引起仿刺参出现急性口围肿胀症的病原菌。通过16S rRNA基因序列同源性及系统发育分析表明，菌株KW21为Mahnomonas dokdonens／s；菌株KW22和菌株NB13具有相近的亲缘关系，两者均与Vibrio splendidus有较高的相似性（99％，98％）；菌株KW23为Vibrio tapetis；菌株NB14为Vibrio sp．。5株病原菌均为革兰氏阴性菌，电镜下观察菌株KW21棒杆状；菌株KW22、KW23、NB13和NB14分别为杆状、弧状、卵圆形和卵圆形，且都具有单极生鞭毛。药物敏感性试验结果表明，诺氟沙星、氧氟沙星和红霉素对5株菌均有较强的抑菌作用。Vibrio tapetis，Vibrio splendidus和Marinomonas dokdonensi作为仿刺参的病原菌属首次报道。     

复合蛋白酶在即食海参加工中的应用

用复合蛋白酶处理盐渍海参,作为加工冻干即食海参的预处理样品,研究其酶处理最适工艺。试验结果表明,酶处理温度40℃,处理50 m in,水浸泡13 h,酶用量为肉重0.075%时,处理后的海参胶原蛋白溶解度(DD%)为(38.14±0.52)%,与水发海参接近[(39.34±0.47)%],口感达到最佳。从酶处理海参和盐渍海参的红外光谱分析可知,二者的营养成分无明显差异,达到生产冻干即食海参的要求。     

日本对虾仔虾的温度适宜性实验研究

日本对虾 (Penaeusjaponicus)仔虾体全长 (11 7± 1 0 )mm ,分别置于 2 4,2 0 ,18,16 ,14 5 ,13℃水槽中培养 ,经 10d观察的结果 :仔虾成活率与水温呈负相关 ,依次为 0 12 ,0 2 8,0 39,0 5 3,0 5 3,0 6 0 ;长度增长率与水温呈正相关 ,依次为 0 2 7,0 19,0 12 ,0 0 9,0 0 4,0 0 1。认为仔虾放流海区水温应 >16℃。     

超声波提取珠子参根茎多糖的工艺优化

【目的】优化超声波提取珠子参根茎多糖的工艺条件,为珠子参的开发利用提供参考依据。【方法】以珠子参根茎为原料,通过单因素试验和正交试验考察料液比、提取时间、提取温度、超声波功率对多糖提取率的影响。【结果】影响超声波提取珠子参根茎多糖的因素顺序为：料液比〉提取温度〉提取时间〉超声波功率,其最佳提取条件为：在料液比1∶10、提取温度60℃、提取功率90 W的条件下提取20 min,珠子参根茎多糖提取率为11.71%。【结论】超声波提取法具有提取时间短、提取率较高、操作简便、稳定性好等优点,是提取珠子参根茎多糖的有效方法。     

长江口花鲈的生长和食性

花鲈为沿海及河口的经济鱼类，亦可溯河生活于淡水。在长江口水域，花鲈属中型鱼类，其体长和体重的相关关系式为：Ｗ＝０．０６０５Ｌ＾２．６３４６（ｒ＝０．９８７８），生长方程为：Ｌｔ＝１００．９９５７［１－ｅ＾０．１７６８（ｔ＋０．７６３３）］，Ｗｔ＝１１５４２．２６［１－ｅ＾－１７６８（ｔ＋０．７６３３）］＾２．６３４６，体重生长拐点ｔｒ＝４．７龄，拐点处体重为３２８１．４克。早期幼鱼以浮游动物为食，     

Pharmacokinetics of oxolinic acid and oxytetracycline in kuruma shrimp, Penaeus japonicus

The pharmacokinetics of oxolinic acid and oxytetracycline were examined in kuruma shrimp (Penaeus japonicus) after intra-sinus (10 and 25 mg/kg, respectively) and oral (50 mg/kg) administration. The shrimp were kept in tanks with recirculated artificial seawater at a salinity of 22–23 ppt. The water temperature was maintained at 25±0.6 °C. The hemolymph concentrations of both drugs after intra-sinus dosing were best described by a two-compartment open model. The distribution and elimination half-lives (t_1/2 and t_1/2β) were found to be 0.59 and 33.2 h for oxolinic acid and 0.45 and 24.7 h for oxytetracycline, respectively. The apparent volume of distribution at a steady state (V_ss) and total body clearance (CL_b) were estimated to be 1309 ml/kg and 28.8 ml/kg/h for oxolinic acid and 748 ml/kg and 22.7 ml/kg/h, respectively. The hemolymph concentration–time curves after oral administration did not fit by the nonlinear least squares method using one- and two-compartment model with first-order absorption in either of the drugs. The peak hemolymph concentration (C_max), the time to peak hemolymph concentration (t_max) and the elimination half-life were found to be 17.8 μg/ml, 7 h and 34.3 h for oxolinic acid and 24.3 μg/ml, 10 h and 33.6 h for oxytetracycline, respectively. The bioavailability (F) after oral administration was 32.9% for oxolinic acid and 43.2% for oxytetracycline. The hemolymph protein binding in vivo was determined to be 36.7±8.5% for oxolinic acid and 22.9±4.8% for oxytetracycline.