Chemical changes of kenaf core binderless boards during hot pressing (I): influence of the pressing temperature condition

Self-bonding is the main factor of the performance expression of binderless boards, and therefore its clarification is considered to be an important issue. For this purpose, a series of chemical analyses were conducted on kenaf core binderless boards and their chemical changes during the hot-pressing process are discussed in this article. First of all, binderless boards were prepared from kenaf core powder at different pressing temperatures (without steam-explosion process) and were used for chemical analyses after they were reduced into powders and extracted with methanol. To investigate their chemical changes, lignin, holocellulose, and neutral sugar contents were determined, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra were recorded, and the nitrobenzene oxidation procedure was applied. As a result, it was found that parts of lignin and hemicelullose were decomposed during the hot-pressing process; however, the contribution of the resulting fractions to selfbonding was not observed. In addition, progress of condensation reactions in lignin and the formation of chemical bonds by low molecular weight conjugated carbonyl compounds in methanol extractives were observed. Thermal softening of lignin is also suggested to play an important role in the expression of board performance.     

生物质快速热解装置主反应器的研究现状

阐述了现有的生物质热解液化技术中主反应器的研究现状,分析了相应的优势与不足。介绍了在以转锥式快速热解液化设备所做的实验中所总结的问题及经验,提出了未来需要研究的问题,并预测了今后的研究方向,为生物质新能源的研究开发及生产探索了新的途径。     

板栗新品系幼树发枝结果习性观测及修剪试验

经对24个板栗新品系幼树的发枝结果习性进行观测,结果表明,新品系平均结果枝占当年萌发枝的50%以上,且连续结果性能好,达到国家板栗丰产选种标准.对24个板栗新品系幼树1年生健壮枝作轻剪、中剪、重剪和不剪(缓放)4种修剪方法的试验,结果表明,轻剪能显著促进幼树发枝和座果,中剪和缓放次之,重剪结实差,发枝少而壮.     

Preparation and Characterization of Phenolated Wood Using Sulfuric Acid as a Catalyst I: Liquefaction Behavior of Plantation Wood

Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata) and poplar (Populus spp.) wood meal were phenolated in the presence of sulfuric acid used as a catalyst. The effects of reaction time and reaction temperature on the wood liquefaction were investigated. The results showed that the reaction temperature had the greater influence on the residue content than reaction time. Additionally, the liquefaction curve for the Chinese fir and Poplar were similar in general.     

2-(4-硝基苯基)吡啶衍生物的合成研究

以对硝基苯胺和合成得到的2-溴-4-硝基苯胺为原料, 采用Gomberg-Bachmann芳基偶联反应,合成了两种电致磷光材料的关键中间体2-(4-硝基苯基)吡啶和2-(2-溴-4-硝基苯基)吡啶,并通过1HNMR确证了产物结构.研究结果表明,该合成方法简单、可行,芳基偶联产物2-(4-硝基苯基)吡啶和2-(2-溴-4-硝基苯基)吡啶的产率分别达到了22.5%和5.9%,其中前者超过文献报道水平,后者未见文献报道.     

梭梭被肉苁蓉寄生后的生理代谢反应

在新疆吉木萨尔县林木良种试验站肉苁蓉良种繁育基地内,选择立地条件、梭梭树龄、林分密度、林木株行距、接种肉苁蓉方式以及管理措施等基本一致的梭梭人工林为试验地,以被肉苁蓉寄生、未被肉苁蓉寄生和曾被肉苁蓉寄生但已解除寄生关系的梭梭为研究对象,通过对梭梭同化枝的相对含水量、束缚水/自由水、叶绿素、脯氨酸、丙二醛含量等水分代谢和生化指标的测定,研究梭梭被肉苁蓉寄生以后的生理代谢反应.结果表明:与未被肉苁蓉寄生的以及曾被肉苁蓉寄生但采收了肉苁蓉种子的梭梭比较,被肉苁蓉寄生的梭梭同化枝的相对含水量有所降低,而束缚水/自由水的比值有所提高;与此同时,被肉苁蓉寄生的梭梭同化枝的叶绿素含量降低,而脯氨酸和丙二醛含量有所提高.三者之间的各项测定指标的差异达到显著程度.梭梭被肉苁蓉寄生以后引发的一系列生理代谢反应,既是梭梭被肉苁蓉寄生以后的一种生理代谢适应,也是引起被肉苁蓉寄生的梭梭生长衰退的主要原因之一.     

漂白胶贮存性质的研究(一报)——漂白胶脱氯反应的研究

本文通过测定脱氯程度不同的漂白胶样品的结合氯含量、热寿命、软化点和颜色,研究了漂白胶脱氯反应的性质,结合氯含量与热寿命的关系以及软化点和颜色的变化规律。发现漂白胶的脱氯反应是一级反应,分为两段,前一段的反应常数为后一段的四倍,说明一部分氯容易脱除,而另一部分则比较难,后者留在漂白胶中对贮存性影响不大。此研究结果为解决漂白胶贮存性差这一难题提供了理论依据和基本途径。通过测定一批样品在多年存放期间热寿命的变化,证实了本研究结论的正确性。     

Application of cationic polymer prepared from sulfuric acid lignin as a retention aid for usual rosin sizes to neutral papermaking

Cationic polymers that acted as the retention aids for usual rosin sizes in neutral papermaking were prepared from sulfuric acid lignin (SAL), one type of acid lignin. To convert SAL to the cationic polymer (MP-SAL), SAL was phenolated and then treated by the Mannich reaction to introduce the amino groups. In the MP-SAL single system, MP-SAL exhibited high sizing effectiveness in neutral papermaking with the rosin emulsion size. However, MP-SAL showed no sizing effectiveness when soap rosin size was used. MP-SAL showed increased sizing effectiveness as the pK _a of the introduced amino group increased. From this and comparison of the sizing degrees of MP-SAL and polyethylenimine, which possesses a linear structure, it was suggested that the sizing effectiveness was not only affected by the charge density and molecular weight, but also by the basicity of the introduced amino groups and the molecular structure of the retention aid. In the alum–MP-SAL dual system, alum and MP-SAL synergistically enhanced the sizing effectiveness in the rosin emulsion sizing at neutral pH. In turn, this allowed a decrease in the MP-SAL dosage and resulted in a small decrease in brightness.Part of this report was presented at the 48th Lignin Symposium, October 2003, Fukui     

Hydration behavior and compressive strength of cement mixed with exploded wood fiber strand obtained by the water-vapor explosion process

Poor compatibility was found between exploded wood fiber strand (WFS) and cement due to the excessive presence of water-soluble degraded polysaccharides in extractives of exploded WFS obtained from weathered wood waste treated by the water-vapor explosion process (WVEP). This study presents some comparative results from a continuing investigation on the compressive strengths of exploded WFS–cement mixtures. Based on results previously obtained with the hydration test, the relation between hydration behavior and compressive strength of the mixture was explored. In addition, the effect of the curing age on compressive strength development of the mixture with selected additive chemicals was examined. The results supported the results of early studies with hydration tests indicating that adding MgCl₂ to the mixtures of exploded WFS mixed with quick-curing cement or ordinary Portland cement and a composite of MgCl₂ + CaO added to the mixture of exploded WFS and furnace-slag cement effectively improved the hydration behaviors; it greatly enhanced the compressive strengths of mixtures as well. Compressive strengths were strongly correlated to maximum hydration temperatures (T_max) of wood–cement mixtures influenced by the cement type, wood wastes (treated or not with WVEP), additive chemicals, and their content levels. The results also indicated that adding selected chemicals had no significant effect on compressive strength among the mixtures of exploded WFS mixed, respectively, with three types of cement at a curing age of 180 days. X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy were used to identify the hydration products and to probe the element distribution of the mixture in the wood–cement interface zone from a fractured surface.Part of this report was presented at the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Japan Wood Research Society, Gifu, April 2002     

腰果酚环氧稀释剂与E-51树脂共混体系固化性能研究

以天然腰果酚为原料制备了一种高活性腰果酚基环氧稀释剂(CDE),利用所制备的CDE与双酚A型环氧树脂(E-51)共混,再与甲基四氢苯酐进行交联固化反应,通过力学性能测试,研究了稀释剂含量对固化物性能的影响。实验结果表明:CDE对E-51有显著的稀释增韧作用;随着CDE含量的增加,固化树脂的玻璃化转变温度逐渐降低;当CDE的加入量为20%时,固化物的冲击强度及拉伸强度达到最大值,分别为19.17 k J/m2和56.81 MPa,弯曲强度为108.8 MPa。