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101.
F. P. Geels J. G. Lamers O. Hoekstra B. Schippers 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1986,92(6):257-272
The effects of a seed tuber treatment with antagonistic isolates of fluorescentPseudomonas spp. were investigated on potato plants from 1981 to 1984. The experimental plots were located in fields in short and long rotations of potato. The short rotations are characterized by serious yield reductions which are caused by unknown microbial factors. The reductions varied from 30% in 1982 to only 3% in 1983 in the 3-year rotations. A statistically significant increase in yield (four to five months after planting) of ware potatoes varying from 9 to 20% was obtained in these plots through tuber bacterization, but only in 1981. In 1982 and 1983 initially significant improvements in shoot or tuber weight of seed potatoes were no longer detectable at ware potato harvest at the end of the growing period. Seed tuber bacterization had no effect on tuber yield in long rotations. Initial colonization of basal root parts by 53×104 colony forming units (cfu) of antibiotic-resistant mutants per gram of root (fresh) dropped significantly to 20×104 cfu per gram after three months. The bacterization effect on tuber yield depended on the development of harmful microbial activity and of introduced antagonists during the growing period. Seed tuber bacterization is more promising for seed potatoes than for ware potatoes in short rotations, the latter being harvested two months later.Samenvatting De invloed van pootgoedbehandeling met antagonistische isolaten van fluorescerendePseudomonas-soorten op de aardappelteelt, werd onderzocht in de periode van 1981 tot en met 1984. De proefvelden maakten deel uit van zowel ruime als nauwe rotaties met aardappelen. Kenmerkend voor de nauwe rotatie is, dat de opbrengst aanzienllijk gereduceerd wordt als gevolg van de aanwezigheid van nog onbekende microbiële factoren. Deze opbrengstverlaging varieerde van 30% in 1982 tot slechts 3% in 1983 in de 3-jarige rotaties. Pootgoedbacterisatie had in deze proefvelden een significante toename van de eindopbrengst (vier tot vijf maanden na pootdatum) van consumptieaardappelen tot gevolg, die varieerde van 9 tot 20%, echter allen in 1981. In 1982 en 1983 werd het effect van bacterisatie ook in de loop van de groeiperiode onderzocht. Aanvankelijk significante toenames van zowel spruit-als knolgewicht waren aan het einde van het groeiseizoen niet meer aantoonbaar. Pootgoedbacteristie bleek geen effect te hebben op aardappel in ruimte rotaties. Aanvankelijk werden de basale wortelgedeelten gekoloniseerd door antibioticum-resistente mutanten met 53×104 kolonievormende eenheden (kve) per gram wortel(vers); dit aantal liep (drie maanden na pootdatum) echter significant terug tot 20×104 kve per gram. Het effect van bacterisatie op de eindopbrengst werd bepaald door de ontwikkeling van de schadelijke microbiële activiteit en de ontwikkeling van de geïntroduceerde antagonisten tijdens het groeiseizoen. Pootgoedbacterisatie in nauwe rotaties biedt meer mogelijkheden voor de teelt van pootaardappelen dan die van consumptieaardappelen, die geruime tijd later geoogst worden. 相似文献
102.
103.
Differential phytotoxicity of glyphosate in maize seedlings following applications to roots or shoot
The transport and differential phytotoxicity of glyphosate was investigated in maize seedlings following application of the herbicide to either roots or shoots. One-leaf maize seedlings (Zea mays L.) were maintained in graduated cylinders (250 mL) containing nutrient solution. Half of the test plants were placed in cylinders (100 mL) containing different 14C-glyphosate concentrations; the remainder received foliar appliation of 14C-glyphosate. After 26 h, the roots and the treated leaves were washed with distilled water, and the plants placed again in cylinders (250 mL) containing fresh nutrient solution for 5 days. Plants were weighed, and split into root, seed, cotyledon, coleoptile, mesocotyl, first leaf and apex. The recovery of 14C-glyphosate was over 86%. For both application treatments, the shoot apex was the major sink of the mobilized glyphosate (47.9 ± 2.93% for root absorption and 45.8 ± 2.91% for foliar absorption). Expressed on a tissue fresh weight basis, approximately 0.26 μg a.e. g−1 of glyphosate in the apex produced a 50% reduction of plant fresh weight (ED50) when the herbicide was applied to the root. However, the ED50 following foliar absorption was only 0.042 μg a.e. g−1 in the apex, thus maize seedlings were much more sensitive to foliar application of the herbicide. 相似文献
104.
Hitoshi NAKAMURA Yukari UETAKE Masao ARAKAWA Ikuko OKABE Naoyuki MATSUMOTO 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2001,67(1):37-40
Basidiocarps of the violet root rot fungus, Helicobasidium mompa, are less frequently used for isolation than are mycelial strands and sclerotia even though the basidiocarps are conspicuously
produced at the trunk base of diseased plants. Basidiocarps are also more suitable for storage. This paper describes an improved
method for obtaining pure cultures from basidiocarps using microcentrifuge tubes to facilitate the awkward steps of rinsing
fungal materials under a dissecting microscope.
Received 28 June 2000/ Accepted in revised form 4 August 2000 相似文献
105.
Damage caused by nematodes is one of the limiting factors in crop production. Traditional nematode management is based on
the use of crop rotations, resistant cultivars, nematicides, or combinations of these methods. For a crop like peanut (Arachis hypogaea), cultivars resistant to root-knot nematodes are not available. There are soybean (Glycine max) cultivars resistant to some of the species of root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.); however, most fields have nematode infestations composed of mixtures of species. Research at Auburn has shown that
tropical crops can be used effectively in rotation to manage nematode problems. Rotations with American jointvetch (Aeschynomene americana), castor (Ricinus communis), hairy indigo (Indigofera hirsuta), partridge pea (Cassia fasciculata), sesame (Sesamum indicum), and velvetbean (Mucuna deeringiana) have resulted in good nematode control and increased yields of peanut and soybean. Some crops (castor, sesame) are considered
‘active’ in that they produce compounds that are nematicidal, whereas others (e.g. corn, sorghum) are simply non-host, that is, ‘passive’. 相似文献
106.
107.
Scott J. Nissen Robert A. Masters W. Mack Thompson Robert N. Stougaard 《Pest management science》1995,45(4):325-329
Imazapyr absorption, translocation, root release and metabolism were examined in leafy spurge (Euphorbia esula L.). Leafy spurge plants were propagated from root cuttings and [14C]imazapyr was applied to growth-chambergrown plants in a water + 28% urea ammonium nitrate + nonionic surfactant solution (98.75 + 1 + 0.25 by volume). Plants were harvested two and eight days after herbicide treatment (DAT) and divided into: treated leaf, stem and leaves above treated leaf, stem and leaves below the treated leaf, crown, root, dormant and elongated adventitious shoot buds. Imazapyr absorption increased from 62.5% 2 DAT to 80.0% 8 DAT. Herbicide translocation out of the treated leaf and accumulation in roots and adventitious shoot buds was apparent 2 DAT. By the end of the eight-day translocation period only 14% of applied 14C remained in the treated leaf, while 17% had translocated into the root system. Elongated and dormant adventitious shoot buds accumulated 3.2- and 1.8-fold more 14C, respectively, 8 DAT than did root tissue based on Bq g?1 dry weight. Root release of 14C was evident 2 DAT, and by 8 DAT 19.4% of the 14C reaching the root system was released into the rooting medium. There was no metabolism of imazapyr in crown, root or adventitious shoot buds 2 DAT; however, imazapyr metabolism was evident in the treated leaf 2 and 8 DAT. Imazapyr phytotoxicity to leafy spurge appears to result from high imazapyr absorption, translocation to underground meristematic areas (roots and adventitious shoot buds), and a slow rate of metabolism. 相似文献
108.
109.
清水或 DPC 200ppm 溶液浸种培养的棉花幼苗在移栽时用含 Ca~(2+)30ppm 的 CaCl_2溶液漫根2小时处理,栽后8天观察发现,两种浸种方式,Ca~(2+)均能促进棉苗侧根的发生,并提高根系 IAA 含量。但 Ca~(2+)处理 DPC 降低根对棉酚含量的效应无明显影响。上述试验结果显示出 Ca~(2+)与诱导棉苗侧根发生和调节根系 IAA 水平之间存在着某些内在的联系,这可能涉及到 Ca~(2+)·CaM系统(胞内第二信使系统)与植物激素效应之间的关系。 相似文献
110.
Plant root hairs are important structures on the root surface for absorption of water, inorganic and organic nutrients. The root hairs which are regulated by both genetic and environmental factors, also play important roles when plants are dealing with environmental stress conditions. In this review, we analyzed how stress such as P deficiency, genetic factors and the core regulatory network composed of ABA,ETH, ABA work together during the regulation of rice root hair development. At last, we come up with issues which remains unclear but are critical and could be potential research focus. 相似文献