Predictive modes of action of pesticides in uterine adenocarcinoma development in rats

Endometrial adenocarcinoma in the uterine corpus is a malignant cancer that occurs in menopausal women and aged rodents. Because of the similarities in pathogenesis and morphology of endometrial adenocarcinoma in rodents and humans, prediction of the modes of action (MOA) in uterine carcinogenesis is important for extrapolation of rodent data to humans. Three MOAs have been accepted as major pathways for uterine carcinogenesis in rodents: 1) estrogenic activity, 2) increased serum 17beta-estradiiol (E2) to progesterone (P4) ratio and 3) modulation of estrogen metabolism to produce 4-hydroxyestradiol via P450 induction. Inhibition of estrogen excretion and increased aromatase in situ in the tumor are also a potential pathway. Here, chemicals showing uterine carcinogenicity were chosen from approximately 300 pesticides evaluated in Japan within the past decade, and their mechanisms were predicted using parameters from mechanistic and toxicity studies. Seven pesticides increased uterine tumor formation in rats, and the pathways of 4 pesticides could be predicted based on various mechanistic studies. The MOAs of cyenopyrafen and benthiavalicarb-isopropyl were predicted to be modulation of estrogen metabolism, while those of pyriminobac-methyl and spirodiclofen were predicted to be increased E2 to P4 ratio. The driven pathways of metazosulfuron and isopyrazam could not be predicted using several mechanistic studies. No mechanistic studies have been reported for sedaxane, which has a chemical structure and toxicological profile similar to isopyrazam. Our results indicated that appropriate mechanistic studies are useful for mechanism prediction in risk assessment. From this analysis, a flowchart showing a decision tree for predictive MOAs in uterine carcinogenesis was proposed.     

压力补偿式灌水器补偿腔结构参数对颗粒运动的影响

为解决颗粒在迷宫流道压力补偿式灌水器内大量沉积或堵塞以致影响灌水器正常工作的问题,采用FSI模拟固定垫片变形后,基于CFD-DEM耦合模拟,经试验对比验证其可靠性后,设计单因素及Box-Behnken响应面试验,分析了压力补偿腔内副流道截面积、压力补偿腔出口直径、压力补偿腔直径3个结构参数及其交互作用对灌水器抗堵塞性能的影响,通过建立回归模型预测灌水器颗粒停留率,综合判断灌水器的抗堵塞性能。结果表明：副流道截面积由0.018 mm²提升至0.054 mm²时,颗粒停留率降低5.09个百分点;压力补偿腔出口直径由1.4 mm下降至0.8 mm时,颗粒停留率降低2.87个百分点;且颗粒沉积受副流道截面积和压力补偿腔出口直径、副流道截面积和压力补偿腔直径两种交互作用影响显著,交互影响下颗粒停留率最低为7.67%。拟合出颗粒停留率与压力补偿腔内副流道截面积、压力补偿腔出口直径、压力补偿腔直径3个结构参数的回归方程,可用于评判和预测灌水器抗堵塞性能,且推荐了一组副流道面积为0.051 mm²、压力补偿腔出口直径为0.894 mm、...     

基于BiLSTM-GRU融合网络的稻虾养殖溶解氧含量预测

在稻虾养殖模式中溶解氧含量(浓度)是养殖水体的重要指标之一,其直接影响小龙虾的摄食量和新陈代谢,因此在养殖过程中精准预测溶解氧含量至关重要。针对稻虾养殖中溶解氧含量变化复杂,难以快速准确预测的问题,提出了BiLSTM-GRU融合神经网络预测模型。为了保证精准预测,首先对传感器进行了清洗校准,并根据偏移量对历史数据进行了修正。在此基础上构建了基于BiLSTM和GRU的融合神经网络训练模型,BiLSTM提取更多特征因子,GRU实现快速预测,快速准确预测溶解氧含量变化。为了使监测预测性能更优,对不同采样周期下的资源损耗及预测模型性能进行综合对比分析,确定了传感器数据最优采样周期为30 min。进一步与LSTM、GRU、BiLSTM以及BiGRU模型对比,表明本文提出的BiLSTM-GRU融合神经网络模型的预测效果更好,其平均绝对误差、均方根误差和决定系数分别为0.275 9 mg/L、0.616 0 mg/L和0.954 7,比传统的LSTM神经网络模型分别高25.14%、13.25%和2.22%。     

黄羽肉种鸡营养需要量与饲料研究进展

为促进我国黄羽肉鸡种业高效、健康发展,解决目前存在的饲粮浪费、环境污染以及繁殖效能低下等问题尤为关键。总结了关于黄羽肉种鸡营养需要量和饲料研究方面的国内外相关文献,从其代谢能、粗蛋白质、主要必需氨基酸（蛋氨酸、赖氨酸、苏氨酸、色氨酸、精氨酸和异亮氨酸）、维生素（VA、VD、VE）和矿物元素（钙、磷、铁、铜、锌、锰和硒）的需要量,饲料资源评价与利用,生物活性添加剂益生素与益生菌,植物提取物和中草药制剂,抗应激剂应用等方面研究现状进行较全面的综述,对存在问题和未来研发趋势进行分析。总体来看,近年来在黄羽肉种鸡营养需要量和饲料添加剂的应用研究越来越多,但主要集中在产蛋期,研发亮点在于开展黄羽肉鸡代谢能每天需要量与代谢体重、平均日增重和产蛋量的相关性分析,以代谢体重、平均日增重和产蛋量为变量,建立了重型、中型和轻型 3 种类型黄羽肉种母鸡日粮氮校正代谢能需要量析因法预测模型。目前黄羽肉种鸡育雏期、育成期营养及限饲技术研究报道较少,饲料资源评价与安全高效利用技术、繁殖性能提升关键技术等仍需进一步突破。     

基于江苏省河蟹主产区气象因子的产量BP神经网络预测

为提高江苏河蟹主产区产量预测能力,以此为基础制定科学合理的河蟹养殖发展规划,本研究对河蟹主产区附近设立的7个观测台站2013—2017年的气象数据和该区产量数据进行了采集,利用插值法补足少量缺失值,通过主成分分析选取了最能代表江苏省河蟹主产区特点的5个主成分作为研究对象建立BP神经网络,探索其用于江苏省河蟹主产区产量随气象因子变化的规律。结果表明,通过PCA主成分分析降维处理后数据的大部分特点能被BP神经网络学习到,预测值与真实之间的相关系数为0.82267,具备一定的模拟气象因子数据与产量之间的关系的能力。     

三门峡红富士苹果始花期预测模型研究

为了提高三门峡红富士苹果始花期预测水平和花期冻害防御能力,本研究分析了气象因子与苹果始花期之间的关系,依据不同数据组合,利用回归法建立了4种始花期预测模型。结果表明：3月中旬平均气温、下旬平均气温、3月平均气温、≥0℃积温、≥3℃活动积温和有效积温、≥5℃活动积温和有效积温与始花期呈明显的负相关;<0℃积温与始花期呈明显正相关。降水量、日照时数与始花期之间相关性差。通过模型检验,基于≥3℃活动积温和<0℃积温模型作为最优始花期预测模型。该模型可为当地苹果花节气象服务及指导花期冻害防御提供科学依据。     

基于灰色预测模型的猕猴桃价格分析与预测

文章基于灰色系统理论,根据2014—2019年全国、北京、河北、河南和山西的猕猴桃市场价格变化,建立了GM(1,1)预测模型,对猕猴桃价格进行分析预测。结果显示,灰色预测模型GM(1,1)适用于猕猴桃价格预测,具有较高的准确度,全国和这4个省(市)的猕猴桃价格呈现周年波动和下降趋势。在不采取干预措施前提下,预计到2020年,全国、北京、河北、河南和山西的猕猴桃平均价格分别为8.96元/kg、11.18元/kg、8.13元/kg、5.21元/kg和8.65元/kg;到2021年,全国、北京、河北、河南和山西的猕猴桃平均价格分别为8.99元/kg、11.58元/kg、8.32元/kg、5.31元/kg和9.05元/kg。     

冷鲜肉微生物种类及微生物预测模型的研究进展

肉品安全是一个重要的研究课题,预测肉品微生物的变化是监测食品货架期的基础,它根据食品微生物在不同加工技术、储藏和流通条件下的变化规律,通过建立模型和计算机处理,判断食品内主要致病菌和腐败菌生长或残存的动态变化,从而对食品的质量和安全性作出快速评估和预测。生鲜肉食品的腐败主要是生产加工过程中微生物污染所致,不同的微生物在特定的条件下生长速率不同,因此不同冷鲜肉类上的特定腐败菌也有所不同。根据微生物在特定的肉类以及环境条件下的生长规律构建微生物预测模型,从而进行货架期预测。综述各种冷鲜肉上的腐败菌以及当前的微生物预测模型种类,并展望该领域的发展方向。     

低模数水玻璃对橡胶轻骨料混凝土力学性能的影响

为了了解不同掺量水玻璃对RLC(橡胶轻骨料混凝土)力学性能的影响,在RLC中加入水玻璃,并用20%粉煤灰代替水泥,制作水玻璃掺量分别为0,2%,4%,6%,8%的混凝土试块.通过核磁共振试验研究其微观孔隙变化及强度形成机理;进行对数函数曲线预测和BP神经网络强度预测,判断其可靠性并对比优劣.结果表明:水玻璃的掺入使RLC抗压强度呈现先增大后减小的趋势,其水玻璃最优掺量出现在2%;适量水玻璃的加入可提高80 目RLC力学性能,使其与最优组(20 目RLC组)28 d力学性能基本相同;水玻璃加入后混凝土孔隙度呈现出先减小后增大趋势,说明适量水玻璃的掺入可优化混凝土孔隙结构,提高混凝土强度;建立曲线拟合和BP-神经网络预测模型,2种预测模型都可用于混凝土龄期强度预测,但BP-神经网络预测模型的稳定性、可靠性及参数的全面性要优于曲线拟合模型.     

Use of geographical information systems as a tool for predicting fish yield in tropical reservoirs: case study on Sri Lankan reservoirs

Use of geographical information systems (GIS) in inland fisheries has hitherto been essentially restricted to site evaluation for aquaculture development and assessment of limnological changes in time and space in individual water bodies. The present GIS study was conducted on the land-use pattern of the catchments of nine reservoirs in Sri Lanka, for which detailed fishery data, viz. yield, fishing intensity, landing size of major constituent species, together with selected limnological data such as conductivity and chlorophyll- a , were available. Potential statistical relationships (linear, curvilinear, exponential and second-order polynomial) of fish yield ( FY , in kg ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹) to different land-use patterns, such as forest cover ( FC , in km²) and shrub-land ( SL , in km²), either singly, or in combination, and/or the ratio of each land type to reservoir area ( RA in km²) and reservoir capacity ( RC in km³), were explored. Highly significant relationships were evident between FY to the ratio of SL and/or FC + SL to RA and/or RC . Similarly, the above land-use types to RA and RC ratios were significantly related to limnological features of the reservoirs. The relationships of FY to various parameters obtained in this study were much better correlated than those relationships of FY to limnological and biological parameters used in yield prediction in tropical and temperate lacustrine waters previously.