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41.
地面高光谱和低空遥感监测小麦白粉病初探 总被引:4,自引:1,他引:4
利用手持式高光谱仪和基于数字技术的低空遥感系统,对不同严重度小麦白粉病冠层光谱反射率进行了测定,同时调查病情指数,分析不同时期地面平台光谱反射率与病情指数及低空遥感平台反射率与病情指数(disease index,DI)、归一化植被指数(normalized difference vegetable index,NDVI)相关性。结果表明,地面光谱测量冠层光谱反射率和低空遥感数字图像反射率与小麦白粉病病情指数在灌浆期有显著的相关关系,就地面测量结果而言,近红外波段的相关性高于绿光波段,相关系数分别为0.79和0.54;低空遥感数字图像红、绿、蓝三波段中,相关性依次降低,相关系数分别为0.79、0.75和0.62;而且低空遥感图像与归一化植被指数也存在较好的相关关系,蓝、红、绿波段,相关系数依次为0.70、0.68和0.54。这表明利用遥感非破坏性监测小麦白粉痛有着良好的应用前景,对于小麦白粉病发生面积监测有重要意义。 相似文献
42.
Andreas Kofoet Mathias Fink 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2007,117(4):369-381
Epidemics of Peronospora parasitica are strongly affected by temperature and air moisture, and the interaction of these factors. Because a significant percentage
of radish plants are grown in greenhouses, it may be possible to influence epidemics by altering the greenhouse climate. The
objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that epidemics of P. parasitica can be modelled by the effects of air temperature and moisture in the greenhouse. Such a model could then be used to analyse
greenhouse climate control strategies with regard to managing downy mildew. Five radish crops were grown under greenhouse
conditions with set-points for heating and ventilation intended to obtain favourable conditions for disease development during
the first part of the growing cycle. Subsequent to this first phase, unfavourable conditions were set until harvest. Disease
incidence was measured once a week until the radishes reached marketable size. In addition, experiments were carried out in
growth chambers in which inoculated plants were subjected to air temperatures between 8 and 27°C, and disease incidence and
sporulation intensity were measured. Data from these two experiments were then used to estimate model parameters. In this
model, the interactions of air temperature (T) and water vapour saturation deficit (SD) were adequately described by a multiplicative
relationship. The simulated epidemics by the fitted model were highly correlated with the observed epidemics (r = 0.91, R
2 = 0.83, n = 29). Parameter estimates indicated that T of ca. 20°C and SD < 0.03 hPa resulted in the highest rates of disease development
and that the rate was zero when SD > 2.0 hPa. Both experimental data and simulations showed that epidemics of P. parasitica can be effectively controlled by managing the greenhouse climate. 相似文献
43.
接种黄瓜白粉菌后16 h的黄瓜叶片用透明胶带在子叶表面粘孢子取样的平均发芽率与用台盼蓝染色后在光学显微镜下调查的发芽率分别为83.7%和85.0%,t测验无显著差异,表明透明胶带取样的发芽率可以代表黄瓜叶片上白粉病菌孢子的发芽率。采用孢子萌发法和叶碟法分别测定了醚菌酯、植物源活性组分大黄素甲醚(P3D)对8个黄瓜白粉菌菌株的EC50。统计结果表明:采用两种方法测定醚菌酯P、3D对黄瓜白粉菌的EC50的相关系数的平方值分别为0.880、.99,表明两种方法的测定结果有很强的相关性;采用该孢子萌发法可评价化合物对植物专性寄生病菌如白粉菌孢子萌发的生物活性。 相似文献
44.
Issei Kobayashi Masako Yamada Yuhko Kobayashi 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2007,73(6):399-404
To determine whether Ca2+ promotes powdery mildew penetration, Ca2+-treated barley coleoptiles were inoculated with conidia of pathogenic and nonpathogenic fungi. Penetration efficiency of
the pathogenic powdery mildew Blumeria graminis was enhanced by Ca2+ treatment, but that of the necrotrophic pathogen Helminthosporium sp. remained unaffected. Similarly, when actin-dependent penetration resistance is suppressed with cytochalasin A, Ca2+ treatment specifically enhanced penetration of the nonpathogenic powdery mildew Erysiphe pisi but not that of other nonpathogens. Calmodulin inhibitors suppressed the promotive effect of Ca2+ on B. graminis penetration. These results suggest that barley powdery mildew specifically requires Ca2+ and calmodulin for penetration. 相似文献
45.
46.
Laura Cobelli Marina Collina Agostino Brunelli 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1998,104(5):449-455
Control of lettuce downy mildew (Bremia lactucae) with phenylamide fungicides has failed in some intensive lettuce-producing areas in Northern Italy since Spring 1993. Before then, these chemicals and particularly metalaxyl, provided the best disease control. The sensitivity of Bremia lactucae isolates collected in such areas to metalaxyl was evaluated in the laboratory. These strains grew and sporulated profusely on lettuce seedlings treated with 100 and 200 ppm of metalaxyl, whereas sensitive control strains were completely inhibited when treated with fungicide concentrations ranging from 0.5–1 ppm. Thus in Italy occurrence of resistance to phenylamide fungicides in Bremia lactucae has also been demonstrated, as in almost all the countries where these chemicals were previously authorised. Subsequently, a demonstration of occurrence of resistance was made and the virulence pattern of several strains (resistant and sensitive to metalaxyl) was characterised using differential NL series containing the 13 DM resistant genes or R factors. The results suggest the occurrence of a new pathotype in Italy different from all the 16 NL Bremia lactucae races studied. 相似文献
47.
我国小麦白粉病大区流行的气候因素分析 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
通过对近年来我国小麦白粉病发生流行情况的分析,总结讨论了影响小麦白粉病流行的气温和降水量等气候因素,结果表明秋冬季及早春气温偏高、小麦生长后期气温偏低,对病害的流行有利;多雨尤其是黄淮海及其以北地区多雨,对病害的流行有利。反之则不利于病害的发生,流行程度将会减轻。 相似文献
48.
《Plant Production Science》2013,16(3):204-208
AbstractArgentina is a major sunflower producer in the world, with crop acreage of 2?2.7 million ha in the last four years. Sunflower crop yield is often influenced by sanitary constraints, mainly fungal pathogens. Helianthus petiolaris is a wild species native to North America established in central Argentina displays a high tolerance to a number of fungal diseases and insects. Controlled crosses of this species with sunflower demonstrated that H. petiolaris constitutes a valuable genetic variability source for sunflower breeding to improve tolerance to rust (Puccinia helianthi), white rust (Albugo tragopogonis), verticillium wilt (Verticillium dahliae), powdery mildew (Erisiphe sp.) and the sunflower moth (Rachiplusia nu). This places H. petiolaris in an outstanding position as a genetic resource since different important traits could be transferred to the crop through interspecific hybridization. 相似文献
49.
近几年海南反季节设施甜瓜生产中,霜霉病发生趋于严重,已成为海南反季节设施甜瓜栽培中的主要危险性病害之一。根据海南反季节设施甜瓜霜霉病的发生规律,总结具有针对性的甜瓜霜霉病的综合防治措施。 相似文献
50.
小麦抗白粉病种质的创新利用 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
以簇毛麦为抗源,采用杂交与生物技术相结合的方法,将簇毛麦的抗白粉病基因导入小麦,选育出农艺性状较好、抗白粉病的小麦新种质和高产、抗白粉病的小麦新品种。经AFLP分析,确定抗白粉病种质均含有一段簇毛麦的DNA。 相似文献