东祁连山不同高寒草地类型土壤表层碳、氮、磷密度特征

在青藏高原东祁连山以杜鹃灌丛、高山柳灌丛、金露梅灌丛、珠芽蓼草甸、禾草草地、沼泽草地和嵩草草地为研究对象,对土壤理化性质和土壤碳、氮、磷密度进行了研究.结果表明:2005年土壤表层碳、氮、磷密度分别介于4.66kg/m2～6.63 kg/m2、 0.31kg/m2～0.59 kg/m2和0.07kg/m2～0.16kg/m2,2006年分别介于5.27kg/m2～6.84kg/m2、0.40kg/m2～0.51 kg/m2和0.10kg/m2～0.20kg/m2;土壤碳、氮和磷密度受植物群落和根系分布特征影响,样地间及土层间差异明显.     

The growth of turkeys 2. Body components and allometric relationships

ABSTRACT

1. The relationships between the main components of the body and body protein among males and females of BUT 6 (BUT) and Hybrid Converter (HYB) turkey strains were examined.

2. The weights of breast meat, breast skin, drumstick meat, drumstick skin, thigh meat, thigh skin and wing-plus-skin as well as the head, neck, feet, blood, heart, liver and gizzard were measured at different stages of growth after which all components of each bird were minced together in order to determine the feather-free body protein weight of each bird sampled. Using the weights of the components and the protein content of each bird the allometric relationships between the components and body protein were determined and then compared for each strain x sex combination.

3. By excluding the breast weights at day-old and at 7 d, the remaining points produced an acceptable allometric relationship (R² = 0.992). Thigh weight could be predicted for all strain x sex combinations using one allometric equation, as could drumstick skin weight. Breast and thigh skin weights differed between males and females. Females of the HYB strain exhibited heavier drumstick and wing-plus-skin weights at a given body protein weight than the other three strain x sex combinations. These differences in both the constant term and regression coefficient in the allometric equations between genotypes are probably due to differences in the amount of lipid that is deposited in these tissues.

4. Sexes differed in the allometric relationships for head, feet, heart and liver, while breeds differed in gizzard weight. A common relationship between the four genotypes could be used to predict the weight of blood in the carcass.

5. The allometric equations fitted to the data in this trial enable the accurate prediction of the weights of the different physical components given the weight of body protein.     

放牧强度对荒漠草原土壤物理性质及其侵蚀产沙的影响

针对荒漠草原退化已经由植被退化演变到土壤退化的特征,采用野外调查取样和人工模拟降雨相结合的研究方法,探讨不同放牧强度下荒漠草原的土壤紧实度、容重、总孔隙度、水分及其侵蚀量的变化情况,研究结果表明:(1)不同放牧强度下0~10cm土层土壤紧实度受放牧的影响差异显著,且随放牧强度加重而呈明显的增加趋势,对深层土壤的影响有限;(2)0~10cm土层土壤容重差异性显著,且随放牧强度的增加而不断增大,与对照未放牧草地相比,不同放牧强度草地土壤容重增加幅度为5.1%~11.7%;(3)放牧强度对0~20cm深度的土壤含水量影响显著,放牧强度越大,土壤含水量越小,与对照未放牧草地相比,不同放牧强度草地土壤含水量降低12.5%~35.4%;(4)雨强一定时,坡度与放牧强度越大,其土壤侵蚀量明显增加,雨强、坡度条件相同情况下,重度放牧的土壤侵蚀量可达到对照样地4.9~13.6倍;(5)土壤容重与土壤紧实度、土壤总孔隙度之间存在显著正相关,土壤紧实度与不同坡度、降雨、放牧强度的土壤侵蚀量均存在显著正相关,且均为幂函数关系。     

抗菌肽BSN-37的抑菌活性及其稳定性分析

试验旨在研究抗菌肽BSN-37的抑菌活性和稳定性。采用微量倍比稀释法测定抗菌肽BSN-37的最小抑菌浓度(MIC),菌落计数法分析抗菌肽BSN-37对大肠杆菌CVCC1568的杀菌动力学特征,扩散法测定抗菌肽BSN-37的盐离子稳定性、酸碱稳定性、血清稳定性、胰酶稳定性、热稳定性、反复冻融稳定性、室温保持稳定性、药效保持时间稳定性。结果显示,抗菌肽BSN-37对革兰氏阴性菌(大肠杆菌和沙门氏菌)的MIC为1.5625～25μg/mL,对革兰氏阳性菌(枯草芽孢杆菌和短小芽孢杆菌)的MIC为1.5625～12.5μg/mL,对真菌(白色念珠菌)没有活性;抗菌肽BSN-37可在90min内完全杀灭大肠杆菌CVCC1568;除了Fe2+和胰酶会影响抗菌肽BSN-37的抑菌活性外,在75～100℃的高温、150～250mmol/L高浓度盐离子(Na+、K+、Ca2+和Mg2+)、20%～25%饱和浓度的Cu2+、pH 4～10、20%～25%的血清、10～12次的反复冻融、10～12d室温保存等条件下仍能保持较好的抑菌活性,药效保持时间可达7.5d。本试验结果表明,抗菌肽BSN-37具有替代抗生素成为新抗菌药物的潜力,为抗菌肽BSN-37的临床应用提供了理论依据。     

不同工艺条件对青海传统蒙古奶茶品质的影响

为优化青海传统蒙古奶茶加工工艺,提高其口感质量,以青砖茶、鲜牛乳为主要原料,赤砂糖和食盐为辅料,探究浸提料水比、浸提温度、浸提时间及牛乳、赤砂糖、食盐的添加比例对青海传统蒙古奶茶品质的影响。采用单因素试验、Plackeet-Burman(PB)试验设计、Box-Behnken试验设计,通过感官评定、茶多酚含量及稳定性分析得到蒙古奶茶的三个显著性因素,最佳工艺条件为:浸提时间90min,糖6%,盐0.4%。该配方下蒙古奶茶呈浅棕色液体,无分层,口感最佳,营养成分指标为:茶多酚330.27mg/kg,蛋白质0.69%,可溶性固形物14.7%,沉淀率3.24%,稳定系数0.905。此蒙古奶茶制备工艺可为该青海传统乳制品的工业化生产提供参考依据。     

早熟机采棉新品种筛选及机采性状研究

筛选鉴定早熟机采棉(Gossypium spp)新的品系、品种,以确保机采棉花品质、产量稳定提高。通过对早熟机采棉新品种农艺性状的研究,掌握机采棉性状的关键技术参数,为棉花产业发展奠定基础。2019和2020年在新疆石河子农业科学研究院进行品种试验,对12个品种机采性状进行研究。结果显示,12个参试品种全生育期在123～133 d,有5个品种比对照(陆新早61)生育期短。吐絮期整齐度在2～3级;第一果铃高度≥18.0 cm的有10个品种。各品种机采性状综合分析可知,石大棉268表现最佳,生育期为123 d,第一果铃高度20.4 cm,衣分率43.2%,纤维长度33.5 mm,断裂比强度32.9 N/tex,纺纱均匀指数182,皮棉增产20.9%;其次是金早1号,生育期为126 d,第一果铃高度20.7 cm,衣分率41.82%,纤维长度32.9 mm,断裂比强度31.9 N/tex,纺纱均匀指数180,皮棉增产8.9%;第三名是金垦1861,生育期为126 d,第一果铃高度21.3 cm,衣分率38.9%,纤维长度33.3 mm,断裂比强度30.9 N/tex,纺纱均匀指数179,皮棉...     

侧孢短芽胞杆菌JYC 688鉴定及抑菌促生特性研究

马铃薯疮痂病是由多种致病链霉菌侵染引起薯块表面结痂导致薯块外观品质下降的病害,防控困难,生物防治是其主要防治措施之一。筛选具有良好拮抗作用的生防菌,可为马铃薯病害的生物防治提供优良的微生物资源。本研究从健康马铃薯植株根际土壤中分离获得JYC 688菌株,采用平板对峙和纸碟法筛选验证菌株拮抗性,结合形态学观察、生理生化特性测定及分子生物学手段确定其种属地位,并检测其产生水解酶和嗜铁载体的能力。结果表明,菌株JYC 688是侧孢短芽胞杆菌Brevibacillus laterosporus,其菌株培养液能够显著抑制引起马铃薯疮痂病的酸性疮痂链霉菌Streptomyces acidiscabies和肿胀疮痂链霉菌S.turgidiscabies的生长,抑菌圈直径分别为27.86 mm和31.90 mm;其对马铃薯晚疫病菌Phytophthora infestans、早疫病菌Alternaria alternata、黑痣病菌Rhizoctonia solani也具有良好的抑制活性;菌株JYC 688能够分泌β-1,3葡聚糖酶、纤维素酶、蛋白酶、嗜铁素等多种抗菌相关物质,可溶解大豆卵磷脂、碳酸钙、碳酸镁3种难溶性化合物,有利于磷、钙、镁3种元素的释放,是一株具有开发潜力的生防菌。     

骆驼尿辅助治疗疾病的研究进展

尿是人类和脊椎动物为了新陈代谢的需要,经由泌尿系统及尿路排出体外的液体排泄物。近年来,骆驼尿液因具有广泛的医疗作用而引起广泛关注。在中东地区,其主要用于对疾病的辅助治疗,包括发烧、感冒甚至癌症。研究表明,骆驼尿液中含有一些独特的生物化学成分,如刀豆氨酸可在不同肿瘤中表现出细胞毒性和抗肿瘤活性。且研究证实骆驼尿液具有抗菌、保肝、抗肿瘤和抗血小板活性等重要作用,极具研究价值。文章主要介绍了骆驼尿液中的有效生物化学成分,并对骆驼尿液在各种疾病中的医药作用进行详细阐述,为今后对骆驼尿液的进一步研究提供理论依据。     

Study on the mechanism of microwave modified wheat protein fiber to improve its mechanical properties

Wheat protein is widely used in food industry. In order to expand the scope of its application on non-food field, we managed to apply the wheat protein to fiber production. To improve the mechanical properties of the fibers, we used the method of microwave modification. The best process conditions obtained by response surface analysis were a microwave power of 20.6 W/mL, microwave time of 3 min, and pH 8. Compared to non-microwaved fibers, the breaking strength was 19% higher and the elongation was 302.43% higher which indicated the microwaved fiber toughness was increased. To study the mechanism underlying the effect of microwave treatment on the improvement of mechanical properties, changes in the SH and SS content during wheat protein fiber preparation, a secondary structure study, X-ray diffraction, thermal performance analysis, SEM, surface hydrophobicity, and standard moisture regain measurement were examined. The microwaved fiber had increased SS content, α-helices, crystallinity, which may be responsible for the better mechanical properties. DSC and TG results showed that the thermal stability of microwaved fiber was increased. Additionally, SEM micrographs revealed that the structure of microwaved fibers was smoother and denser, and contained less pores than non-microwaved fibers. Although the surface hydrophobicity and standard moisture regain were decreased, microwaved fiber had good hygroscopicity, which was close to that of silk.     

桉树与厚荚相思混交林的生物量及对土壤影响研究

对雷州林业局营造桉树与厚荚相思混交林进行生物量测定及对土壤影响的分析结果表明：尾叶桉与厚荚相思混交林６年生地上部分群体生物量比尾叶桉纯林多３６．６％以上,单株叶量,细根行间混交的尾叶桉分别比纯林的尾叶桉多３８．４％,８２．８％,带状混交的尾叶桉比纯林的尾叶桉分别多１９．５％,４．７％,林分叶量带状混交林比纯林大４．９倍。４年生时混交林凋落物干重比纯林多３１％以上。混交林０－３９ｃｍ土层有机质,全氮