油松毛虫越冬幼虫上树下树历期的预测

通过1984～1986年对越冬幼虫的系统调查数据,分别求得油松毛虫越冬幼虫上树历期约为51d;下树历期约为87d;上树高峰期为每年的3月28日～4月19日;下树高峰期为每年的10月份。并同时对越冬幼虫上树过程中的物候学进行了观察。     

缙云山四川大头茶繁殖生态特性研究

由于生活史进化理论研究的促进,植物繁殖生态适应性研究已成为研究的热点之一,在缙云山常绿阔叶林、针阔混交林、四川大头茶纯林中,对优势种之一四川大头茶的繁殖特性进行了研究,结果指出四川大头茶花期从8月下旬至12月上旬长达3个多月,由于群落郁闲密度大,透光率差等原因,常绿阔叶林中四川大头茶开花高峰期较针阔混交林、四川大头茶纯林的开花高峰期后移.不同群落四川大头茶花序上开花顺序对着果率的影响是相同的,随开花时间延后,着果率降低.不同群落间四川大头茶种子重量变异显著.四川大头茶对种子的繁殖能量分配与开花物候无关.对于种子生产,四川大头茶的花序可以看作同化资源的一个亚单位.     

杉木种子园开花物候特点的研究

１９８９～１９９３年对贵州黎平东风林场杉木种子园３７５个无性系开花物候作了观察。结果表明，可授期比散粉期来得早，且持续时间长，结束时间与散粉期基本同步，或稍后１ｄ；树冠上层、阳面比下层、阴面开花早，但相差不过１ｄ；阳坡散粉期和可授期进程比阴坡早１ｄ和半天；郁闭度大的林分，可授期和散粉期平均迟到半天，分别晚结束２ｄ半和１ｄ；可授期的早晚与≥５℃积温关系密切，而散粉期与≥１０℃积温关系更紧密；无性系间雌雄花期基本相遇，但在开花始期和持续期上差异明显；各无性系开花先后次序在年度间比较稳定。无性系来源各层次变异大小的顺序为：无性系间＞种源亚区间＞种源间＞种源区间。可授期早的无性系种子质量最差，其次是晚花无性系。     

近150年北京春季物候对气候变化的响应

对北京春季6种物候的计算得出其代表性指标一山桃始花期，并分析物候对气温变化的响应模式。根据气温变化态势，将历史时期气温和物候资料划分为4个时间段，并采用u检验论证时间段间具有显著性差异，分析物候期对气温变化的响应模式和机制，得出：物候期的提前与推迟对温度的增高与降低的响应是非线性的，在同等增、降温幅度下，因降温而导致的物候期推迟幅度较因增温而导致物候期提前幅度小；平均气温增高1℃，北京春季物候期提前2．8—3．6d。并估算了未来北京春季物候变化趋势。     

Modelling the interactions between phenology and insecticide resistance genes in the codling moth Cydia pomonella

In the codling moth Cydia pomonella (L), insecticide resistance genes have been associated with pleiotropic effects affecting phenology. In this paper, we investigated whether an increase in the frequency of insecticide resistance in field populations of C pomonella was likely to entail significant divergences in the temporal occurrence of both susceptible and insecticide-resistant individuals. For this purpose, we built a phenological model that provided suitable predictions of the distinct and diverging seasonal evolutions of populations of a susceptible and two insecticide-resistant (at two and three loci) homozygous genotypes of C pomonella. Model simulations for each genotype were further compared with pheromone trap catches recorded in a field insecticide-treated population over an 8-year period (from 1992 to 2000), which reflected the progressive annual increase in the frequency of resistance in southeastern France. We found a significant delay in field adult emergence relative to those predicted by the homozygous susceptible model, and the magnitude of such a delay was positively correlated with increasing frequencies of insecticide resistance in the sampled field population of C pomonella. Adult emergence predicted in the theoretical population that was homozygous for resistance at two loci converged with those recorded in the field during the investigated 8-year period. This suggested that the pleiotropic effects of resistance were likely to result in a significant phenological segregation of insecticide-resistant alleles in the field. The results of this study emphasized the potential for pest populations exposed to chemical selection to evolve qualitatively with respect to phenology. This may raise critical questions regarding the use of phenological modelling as a forecasting tool for appropriate resistance management strategies that would take into account the diverging seasonal evolutions of both insecticide resistance and susceptibility.     

典型草原区3种牧草生育规律及物候期气象指标

为了解典型草原区天然牧草生长发育规律,根据锡林浩特国家气候观象台多年牧草观测资料,运用统计学原理、物候学方法对典型草原区克氏针茅（Stipa kryloyii）、羊草（Leymus chinensis）、糙隐子草（Cleistogenes squarrosa）3种牧草生育规律及物候期气象指标进行了研究。结果表明,3种牧草生长季高度与盖度、产量变化趋势一致,8月末牧草高度、盖度、产量同时达最高值。返青期在4月下旬至5月初,成熟期在8月中旬至9月上旬,抽穗期牧草生长速率最快,各物候期与40 cm日平均地温存在显著的相关性。牧草生长发育有着自身的生物学特性,生态环境的变化制约着牧草的生长发育规律。     

茶树新品系“福萱”选育初报

本文介绍了“福萱”茶树新品系的来源、形态特征、春梢生育期、产量、制绿茶品质、抗逆性、生化成分及光合特性等。初步结果表明：“福萱”新品系为无性系,灌木型,中叶类,早生种;一芽一叶期、一芽二叶期、一芽三叶期3年平均比福鼎大白茶早2、2、4天;产量高于对照种福鼎大白茶15.53%;抗寒性、抗热旱害、抗假眼小绿叶蝉及其他病虫害能力与对照品种相当。其春季一芽二叶新梢含茶多酚、氨基酸高于对照种福鼎大白茶,水浸出物、咖啡碱、酚∕氨值均与对照种相近。制绿茶品质优异,外形较肥壮、毫尚显,汤色嫩黄,香显、味醇爽。适合福建福安及相似茶区推广种植。     

Evaluating Beech Tree Phenology in a Deciduous Broadleaf Forest in Northern Iran Using Ground Observation and MODIS Images

We selected 15 beech trees (Fagus orientalis) from the study area in a mountainous region from 520 to 1310 m above sea level. Ground observations of the beech tree growth process from January to December 2004 in 7- to 15-day intervals were performed both visually and by measuring leaf chlorophyll concentration (chlorophyll meter SPAD-502). Results for the regression analysis showed that the leaved period positively correlated with the air temperature (r?=?.894). Anthesis and SPAD measurements have a negative relationship with air temperature and as temperature increases they appear earlier in the year. Anthesis and SPAD measurements had correlation coefficients of r?=??.883 and r?=??.855, respectively. The anthesis and bud bursting and leaf tip appearance have a negative relationship with increasing altitude from sea level and as altitude increases they appear later in the year. To make phenological events in deciduous broadleaf forests recognizable, we used a seasonal 8-day composite Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer/Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (MODIS/NDVI). Prior to leaf expansion, NDVI increased from the 109th day of the year or earlier. Existence of the evergreen plants (Ruscus hyrcanus) on the ground and snow-melting exert an influence on inconsistency of phenology monitoring of MODIS/NDVI images. Regression analysis showed that there is a positive relationship between NDVI and SPAD measurements (chlorophyll content) in beech trees.     

基于改进最大值法合成NDVI的夏玉米物候期遥感监测

利用遥感技术监测农作物物候期,能够及时有效地评估作物生长趋势、提高农情信息化管理水平。本研究利用2016年MODIS 8天合成数据,提出改进的最大值合成法,结合S-G滤波和Logistic函数拟合重构夏玉米生长曲线,最后利用曲率法提取夏玉米的拔节期和成熟期,利用动态阈值法提取夏玉米的出苗期和抽雄期。结果表明:采用本文提取的夏玉米物候期与实测物候期相比,平均误差为2.76 d,其中在抽雄期的绝对误差为1.06 d,运用改进的最大值合成提取作物NDVI时序数据可有效去除连续云雾对植被指数的影响,提高监测作物物候期的准确性,为精准农业提供技术支撑。