永顺落叶木莲开花与结实物候学研究

首次报道永顺落叶木莲开花与结实物候学特征。其花期在3月中旬至5月上旬,果期在4月中旬至10月上旬。其间有3次花周期和3次果实发育期,每次花周期和果实发育期天数不同。低海拔比高海拔开花早,落花期亦早,开花周期较短;低海拔较高海拔的果发育期长,种子散落期晚,果实最佳采集期在9月20日至9月30日。     

常春油麻藤的物候节律研究

以昆明地区种植的常春油麻藤为对象,对其物候进行了观测研究。经2003年6月~2004年6月的观测,基本掌握了常春油麻藤在昆明种植地的物候节律。发现其在昆明生长良好,对水热条件要求不高。     

圆齿野鸦椿种子预处理和苗木生长规律及育苗技术研究

通过2年以上对圆齿野鸦椿的种子预处理、种子主要播种品质参数测定和对苗木的苗高、地径、主根长、大于5cmI级侧根数、根幅、冠幅、鲜叶重、鲜干枝重、鲜根重的测定,以及对苗木物候、苗木生长规律进行研究,从而得出圆齿野鸦椿的较为系统的育苗技术。     

Phenology and pollination of Manilkara zapota in forest and homegardens

Knowledge on reproductive phenology and pollination biology are basic elements that should be considered in the management and exploitation of plant species that offer non-timber products. The tropical tree Manilkara zapota is a species from which non-timber products have been obtained for centuries by Mayan communities in Mexico. Nevertheless, there are no quantitative reports on its reproductive biology and the factors that limit fruit production. The present study describes the reproductive phenology, breeding system and pollination of this species in two contrasting environments: medium-height, subdeciduous forest, and homegardens (“solares”) in a Mayan community in the state of Yucatan. Significant differences were found between environments both in the temporal distribution of flower and mature fruit production, as well as in the proportion of mature fruits. Homegarden trees showed the greatest fruit production, although flower production did not differ between environments. Mature fruits were of better quality (i.e., greater fresh weight) in homegardens. Hand pollination experiments showed that M. zapota is self-compatible, and that there is pollinator limitation for fruit production in trees that grow in homegardens. We propose that water and soil nutrients are the main factors limiting M. zapota fruit production in forests, while in homegardens the main factor appears to be pollinator availability.     

西双版纳辣木生长发育及物候观测初报

在西双版纳栽培条件下,辣木生长发育快,定植当年即可开花结果,而且一年四季均可开花结果;每年雨季(5～9月)为生长高峰期;花量大但座果率平均为3%;豆荚长度多为30～50cm,占豆荚总数的73%,其种子数占种子总数的75%;败育率平均15%。不同品种其生长量有较大差异。     

Comparison of two coniferous plantations in central Japan with respect to forest productivity, growth phenology and soil nitrogen dynamics

Japanese cypress (Chamaecyparis obtusa Endl.) and Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica D. Don) are common species for plantation forestry in Japan. Cypress is conventionally planted on sites of low fertility whereas for cedar high fertility sites are used. Objectives of this study were to compare the productivities of cypress and cedar plantations grown on adjacent sites where common properties of soils, such as pH values and C and N contents, were similar, and to relate the N cycling at their site with productivities. The stem diameter of trees, aboveground litter production and fine root biomass were measured as indices of forest productivity. Parameters of N cycling included pools of total N and mineral N (ammonium + nitrate), annual N leaching, and potentially mineralizable N. The radial stem increment of the two tree species was similar. However, cedar site had higher total basal area and annual basal increment than cypress site reflecting higher tree density on the cedar site. Aboveground litter, fine root biomass, soil organic matter, and N turnover were higher on the cedar site than on the cypress site. However, litter production and fine root biomass per unit basal area was greater at the cypress site. Phenological pattern of stem growth and periodical litter production were similar for both species during the study period (1992–2000), but showed distinct annual variations caused by the fluctuation in the ambient temperature and precipitation. Mineral N content and the N mineralization potential were greater on the cedar site, indicating greater N availability and higher total tree productivity at the cedar site than those at the cypress site. When provided with more space in the canopy to expand more needles and in the soil to develop more fine roots to exploit sufficient resources, the individual cypress trees have the potential to grow faster. On fertile site and at lower tree density, thicker logs of cypress might be yielded.     

14个核桃品种的开花习性及花期物候观察

2011~2013年连续3年在昆明树木园对14个核桃品种进行开花习性和花期物候观察,结果表明,多数核桃品种雌雄花期不相遇或相遇时间较短,需要配置授粉树;云南主栽品种大泡核桃、三台核桃的雌花期与自交9号、强特勒和哈特利的雄花期相遇时间较长,这3个品种可以考虑作为大泡核桃与三台核桃的授粉品种进行配置。     

Differences in response of desert plants of different ecotypes to climate warming:a case study in Minqin, Northwest China

Globally climates are warming.How do desert plants of different ecotypes respond to the climate change?This paper studied the differing responses to climate warming shown by desert plants of different ecotypes through analyzing the phenology and meteorological data of 22 desert plant species growing in Minqin Desert Botanical Garden in Northwest China during the period 1974–2009.The results indicate:(1)The temperature in the study area has risen quickly since 1974,and plants’growing periods became longer.The spring phenology of mesophytes advanced,and the autumn phenology of xerophytes was delayed;(2)The starting dates of spring phenophase of mesophytes and xerophytes differed significantly and both showed an advancing trend;(3)The spring phenology of mesophytes advanced by more days than that of xerophytes,whereas the autumn phenology of mesophytes was delayed by less days than that of the xerophytes;and(4)Mesophytes are more sensitive than xerophytes to rising temperature in spring and falling temperature in autumn.These findings are of value in plant management and regional introduction of different species.     

白桦与山杨叶凋落物候的差异及其生态学意义

用凋落物收集法和凋落物候模型研究了白桦(Betula platyphylla)和山杨(Populus davidiana)的叶凋落物候。结果表明:白桦叶凋落显著早于山杨,凋落开始时间和凋落高峰分别比山杨早41和20 d,但它们的叶凋落结束时间基本相同,这导致白桦的凋落期比山杨长42 d。此外,白桦叶凋落集中程度也明显小于山杨,凋落峰值仅是山杨的五分之一。白桦的叶N质量分数较高,碳氮比较低,导致了白桦叶分解较山杨叶快。这体现了处于相同的环境条件,白桦和山杨在能量利用和养分循环方面可能具有不同的生态策略。     

厦门常见木本园林植物物候期与病虫害防治研究

该文通过对厦门城市道路绿化7种主要木本园林植物进行物候期观测,分析其在厦门绿地中的组成,并探索物候期与病虫害防治之间的关系。