Lake trout growth is sensitive to spring temperature in southwest Alaska lakes

In high‐latitude lakes, air temperature is an important driver of ice cover thickness and duration, which in turn influence water temperature and primary production supporting lake consumers and predators. In lieu of multidecadal observational records necessary to assess the response of lakes to long‐term warming, we used otolith‐based growth records from a long‐lived resident lake fish, lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush), as a proxy for production. Lake trout were collected from seven deep, oligotrophic lakes in Lake Clark National Park and Preserve on in southwest Alaska that varied in the presence of marine‐derived nutrients (MDN) from anadromous sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka). Linear mixed‐effects models were used to partition variation in lake trout growth by age and calendar‐year and model comparisons tested for a mean increase in lake trout growth with sockeye salmon presence. Year effects from the best mixed‐effects model were subsequently compared to indices of temperature, lake ice, and regional indices of sockeye salmon escapement. A strong positive correlation between annual lake trout growth and temperature suggested that warmer springs, earlier lake ice break‐up, and a longer ice‐free growing season increase lake trout growth via previously identified bottom‐up increases in production with warming. Accounting for differences in the presence or annual escapement of sockeye salmon with available data did not improve model fit. Collectively with other studies, the results suggest that productivity of subarctic lakes has benefitted from warming spring temperatures and that temperature can synchronise otolith growth across lakes with and without sockeye salmon MDN.     

Subconjunctival bone marrow‐derived mesenchymal stem cell therapy as a novel treatment alternative for equine immune‐mediated keratitis: A case series

Equine immune‐mediated keratitis (IMMK) leads to increased corneal opacity and inflammation secondary to an alteration of the local immune system. Bone marrow‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM‐MSC) have been shown to modulate the immune system by downregulating inflammation. Four horses with unilateral IMMK poorly responsive to traditional medical treatments underwent novel, autologous subconjunctival BM‐MSC therapy. Bone marrow was harvested and processed as previously described for equine orthopedic disease. Horses received autologous subconjunctival BM‐MSC injections approximately every 3‐4 weeks for 1‐5 treatments total. Horses were maintained on their current medical treatment regimen throughout the BM‐MSC treatment period. Three horses had a positive response to therapy as demonstrated by an increase in corneal clarity, a decrease in neovascularization and a reduction in surface irregularity. One horse was nonresponsive to therapy. These experimental results demonstrate the safety and potential efficacy of an innovative solution for IMMK.     

Therapeutic effect of Jiawei Danzhi Xiaoyao powder combined with intravenous human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells on post-stroke depression

AIM: To observe the clinical therapeutic effect of Jiawei Danzhi Xiaoyao powder combined with transplantation of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (HUC-MSCs) in the treatment of post-stroke depression (PSD) patients and to detect the changes of the serum cytokine levels of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, norepinephrine (NE), 5-hydroxytry-ptamine (5-HT) and brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). METHODS: The patients with PSD (n=60) were randomly divided into observation group and control group. The patients in observation group was given Jiawei Danzhi Xiaoyao powder combined with HUC-MSCs, and the patients in control group was given Jiawei Danzhi Xiaoyao powder combined with fluoxetine. The course of treatment was 8 weeks. The effects of the treatments on the patients were evaluated with Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD). The serum levels of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, 5-HT, NE and BDNF were measured by ELISA. RESULTS: After 8 weeks of treatment, the total effective rate in observation group was significantly higher than that in control group (P<0.05). Compared with the same group before treatment, the HAMD scores and the serum levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 of the 2 groups were significantly decreased after treatment (P<0.05), while 5-HT, NE and BDNF were significantly increased (P<0.05). After 8 weeks of treatment, the HAMD scores in observation group was significantly lower than that in control group (P<0.05), and the serum levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 were significantly decreased in observation group (P<0.05), while 5-HT, NE and BDNF were significantly increased (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Jiawei Danzhi Xiaoyao powder combined with human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells is effective in the treatment of post-stroke depression. The mechanism may be related to the effects of HUCMSCs such as anti-inflammatory effect, increased release of monoamine neurotransmitters, and stimulation of secretion of neurotrophic factors in the brain.     

Baking quality of emmer-derived durum wheat breeding lines

Durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. var. durum) is used predominantly for pasta products, but there is increasing interest in using durum for bread-making. The goal of this study was to assess the bread-making potential of 97Emmer19, an Emmer wheat (Triticum turgidum L. var. dicoccum) and in breeding lines derived from crosses of 97Emmer19 with adapted durum wheat cultivars. 97Emmer19 and its progeny were evaluated in 2005 and 2006 along with five durum wheat cultivars. Three bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars were included as checks to provide a baseline of bread making quality observed in high quality bread wheat cultivars. 97Emmer19 exhibited higher LV than all the durum wheat checks and approached the LV achieved with the bread wheat cultivar ‘AC Superb’. Breeding lines derived from 97Emmer19 had higher LV than those of the durum wheat checks, confirming that this trait was heritable. In general, durum wheat cultivars with elevated gluten strength and/or increased dough extensibility were noted to have higher LV. Dough extensibility appeared to be a more critical factor as gluten strength increased. These results indicate that there is potential to select for genotypes with improved baking quality in durum breeding programs.     

海藻酸钠寡糖对菜薹光合特性和碳代谢的影响

采用溶液培养,研究海藻酸钠寡糖对菜薹光合特性和碳代谢的影响。结果表明：海藻酸钠寡糖处理可不同程度提高净光合速率（Pn）、水分利用效率（WUE）和CO2羧化效率（CE）,增加光饱和点（LSP）,并降低光补偿点（LCP）,提高初始荧光（Fo）、最大荧光（Fm）、可变荧光（Fv）、光系统II最大光化学效率（Fv/Fm）、电子传递效率（ETR）和非光化学猝灭系数（NPQ）。蔗糖合成酶（SS）和蔗糖磷酸合成酶（SPS）活性显著增强,促进蔗糖积累;处理前期转化酶活性有所提高,第6天显著降低,葡萄糖含量也相应下降;淀粉含量随时间延长逐渐增加,纤维素则相反。说明海藻酸钠寡糖可促进光能的捕获及转化,提高其光能利用效率,并改变碳代谢过程,促进碳代谢产物积累。     

寒地水稻骨干亲本石狩白毛衍生品种的育成、推广及启示

石狩白毛1935年在日本北海道育成,40年代初引入黑龙江省,该品种表现早熟、丰产、抗病、耐冷等广泛的适应性.各育种单位通过直接或间接利用长达35年之久,到2010年共衍生了至少6辈115个品种,衍生品种部分统计推广面积583.4万hm2,创造了巨大的经济和社会效益,是寒地水稻育种的一大奇迹.启示我们要充分认识寒地水稻育...     

日立高效液相色谱仪柱后光照衍生法同时测定 牛奶中黄曲霉毒素B1、B2、G1、G2和M1

采用柱后光照衍生的方法,提高黄曲霉毒素B1、G1和M1的荧光强度,同时检测牛奶中黄曲霉毒素B1、B2、G1、G2、M1。在选定的条件下,采用柱后光照衍生法比不采用衍生直接测定的方法B1灵敏度提高18倍、G1灵敏度提高25倍、M1灵敏度提高4倍。该方法简单,相对成本较低,适用于大量样品的常规监督检测。     

动物源性食品中齐帕特罗一步法ELISA试剂盒的研制

本研究依据直接竞争ELISA原理建立了齐帕特罗一步法ELISA试剂盒。以齐帕特罗与载体蛋白偶联物作为免疫原免疫新西兰大白兔制得齐帕特罗多克隆抗体,棋盘包被法确定其最佳抗体包被浓度、酶标抗原工作浓度、包被条件、反应时间、底物显色时间等,并对试剂盒的各项技术指标进行确认。结果表明,成功组装了齐帕特罗一步法ELISA试剂盒,并建立了尿液、饲料、奶粉和奶汁,以及组织等样品的前处理方法,检测限均远低于1 μg/kg。该试剂盒线性检测范围为0.15～10 ng/mL,IC₅₀浮动范围0.43～0.79 ng/mL,样品板内、批内、批间的变异系数均小于15%,平均回收率在70%～110%之间,与其同类药物的交叉反应率均小于0.1%。提示,本试验研制的试剂盒重复性、特异性、稳定性等各项指标均符合技术要求,可用于动物源性食品中齐帕特罗药物残留的检测。     

1988-2013年南方花岗岩红壤侵蚀区长汀县水土流失时空变化

为动态监测水土流失治理和生态文明建设示范区长汀县近年来的土壤侵蚀的时空变化,利用美国土壤侵蚀流失方程(USLE模型),以1988-2013年9个时期的Landsat系列遥感数据,结合实地考察和地形、土壤、气象水文资料,定量估算福建省长汀县近25年的水土流失变化情况.结果表明:1)长汀县境内水土流失主要以轻度侵蚀为主,水土流失严重区域主要分布在长汀县中部地区以及南部乡镇,以河田镇、濯田镇、三州乡和策武乡等最为严重.2)从1988-2013年遥感动态监测结果来看,水土流失情况总体得到明显的改善;1988-1994年间,水土流失量逐渐增大;1994年水土流失最为严重,1994年后水土流失情况逐年改善,特别是2003年以后,长汀地区植被改善明显,尤其是中部水土流失重灾区,有较显著改善.通过对研究区的动态监测,可掌握长汀县水土流失的变化情况和治理成效,同时为了解长汀县水土流失现状和制订治理方案提供科学根据.     

有机种植方式下红壤性水稻土腐殖质与酶活性的变化规律

为了建立和完善有机种植方式下红壤性水稻土的固碳理论体系,对水稻分蘖期、孕穗期、抽穗期、灌浆期和完熟期5个生育阶段的红壤性水稻土腐殖质各组分碳含量及土壤酶活性等指标的变化规律进行了分析。结果表明,与常规种植水稻方式相比,有机种植水稻有利于土壤腐殖质的更新和积累;有机种植方式下水稻各生长时期的胡敏酸(HA)、富里酸(FA)、PQ值(HA/FA)、脲酶(URE)、酸性磷酸酶(ACP)和蔗糖酶(SUC)活性均高于常规种植方式,分别高出10.96%、7.48%、3.72%、20.16%、7.08%和15.36%,且土壤酶活指标与土壤腐殖质含量表现出一致的变化规律。