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71.
生物技术在水稻蛋白质改良上的应用 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
稻米是我国人民的主要食品,但其蛋白质含量低、质量差,满足不了人们对蛋白质总量的需求。长期以来。人们一直采用传统的育种方法来选育高蛋白质的水稻新品种。但收效不大。近年来,随着生物技术的飞速发展和不断完善,应用生物技术方法改良水稻蛋白质已逐步变为现实,并显示出了诱人的前景。本文根据近年来研究报道的资料。分析了水稻蛋白质改良的必要性,综述了应用基因工程、细胞工程等生物技术方法在水稻蛋白质改良方面的研究进展,并对今后的研究提出建议。 相似文献
72.
边沁桉组织培养技术研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
以边沁桉Eucalyptus benthamii茎段的顶芽或腋芽为外植体开展了组织培养技术的研究,成功建立了边沁桉离体再生体系,为该物种进一步的快速繁殖提供了理论基础.结果表明:初接种芽诱导培养基以MS BA 0.2 mg.L-1最佳,诱导率为55.8%;最佳继代培养基为MS BA 0.5 mg.L-1 IBA 1.0 mg.L-1 NAA 0.2 mg.L-1,芽增殖系数为4.6,平均苗高为3.1 cm;最佳生根培养基为1/4MS IBA 1.5 mg.L-1,生根率达93.3%,平均每株生根数为3.2条;试管苗练苗3~7 d,移栽到25%糠壳灰 75%黄心土的基质,移栽成活率可达70%. 相似文献
73.
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75.
杂交水稻育种材料和方法研究的现状及发展趋势 总被引:62,自引:4,他引:58
概要总结了近年来国内外在杂交水稻育种材料和方法研究方面的进展,分析了存在的主要问题和讨论了今后的发展趋势。内容包括现有不育系的改良,新不育质源的发掘,高配合力恢复系的选育和杂种优势形成机理及超高产育种探索等。指出以生物技术与常规育种技术相结合创制新的育种材料和探索新的育种方法是21世纪杂交水稻发展的方向。 相似文献
76.
Gijs A Kleter 《Pest management science》2020,76(10):3333-3339
Genetically modified crops have been grown commercially for more than two decades. Some of these crops have been modified with genetic constructs that induce gene silencing through RNA interference (RNAi). The targets for this silencing action are genes, either specific endogenous ones of the host plant or those of particular pests or pathogens infesting these plants. Recently emerging new genetic tools enable precise DNA edits with the same silencing effect and have also increased our knowledge and insights into the mechanisms of RNAi. For the assessment of the safety of foodstuffs from crops modified with RNAi, internationally harmonized principles for risk assessment of foods derived from genetically modified crops can be followed. Special considerations may apply to the newly expressed silencing RNA molecules, such as their possible uptake by consumers and interference with expression of host genes, which, however, would need to overcome many barriers. Bioinformatics tools aid the prediction of possible interference by a given RNA molecule with the expression of genes with homologous sequences in the host crop and in other organisms, or possible off‐target edits in gene‐edited crops. © 2020 The Author. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry. 相似文献
77.
《Journal Of Agricultural & Food Information》2013,14(3):27-71
ABSTRACT In view of the CGIAR's identification of food safety as an area requiring priority attention to safeguard the economic interests of smallholder farmers and the poor, this paper aims to provide a general overview of the level of research and development attention accorded by the scientific and development community to this theme. This baseline survey of work undertaken exposes the nature of the problem; the food safety situation of the poor; food safety concerns in technology and policy research in the CGIAR; the role of capacity-building; and, subsequently, attempts to provide pointers to the CGIAR research community along which it could proceed. It is clear that within the CGIAR System, there has been no set strategy to provide guidance on the topic, and that work done to date has been largely of an ad hoc nature. The formulation of a strategic framework to guide the incorporation of food safety considerations in CGIAR research is now essential and would prevent duplication, capture synergies from the currently isolated activities and promote greater efficiency. 相似文献
78.
《Journal of Crop Improvement》2013,27(1-2):387-407
SUMMARY Population pressure, shortage of good arable land and good quality waters are forcing crop production into more marginal environments facing abiotic stresses (drought and salinity) and thereby limiting the adaptation and productivity of staple food crops. The situation is assuming serious proportion, as almost half of the existing irrigation system of the world is under the influence of secondary salinity, sodicity or waterlogging. Therefore, to maintain productivity of existing arable land, the sustainability of the agricultural and irrigation systems that has been generated at a huge cost, is more important than immediate increases in yield. Much work done in the last century in several countries has increased our understanding of the genetics and physiology of salt tolerance of plants. Crop responses to salt stress are made up of a number of complex and interrelated, morphological, physiological, and biochemical processes. However, we still do not have a complete understanding of the underlying mechanisms of salt tolerance. The multigenic, quantitative nature of salt tolerance imposes several limitations on the efforts to improve salt tolerance of plants. The biological approach to tackle problems of salinity has its critics as well as advocates. Identification and development of crops and their cultivars with improved salt tolerance has been the key to improve productivity. Efforts in this direction using traditional methods of plant breeding and modern tools of biotechnology have led to the development and release of many cultivars with improved salt tolerance at the global level. Many of these superior cultivars have yet to prove their worth in actual stress situations. Integrative approaches in this direction, including the frontier areas of plant molecular biology have been discussed. In view of the enormity of the situation and immense challenges involved, efforts in this direction have to be more focused and multidisciplinary in approach. This should receive much higher priority and resources from scientists, administrators, and policy makers. 相似文献
79.
胡萝卜抗冻(DcAFP)具有典型的LRR特征,由约24个氨基酸残基组成重复单元,其中的保守基序是:P×××××L××L××L×LS×N×L×G×I,其中的保守天冬酰胺在与冰晶表面结合中起着关键的作用.为了探明该关键氨基酸对DcAFP重要性,需要对其进行一系列突变,以检测这些突变体的热滞可能发生的变化,而这需要构建大量的突变体.基于此,采用定点突变技术对该基序中保守的天冬酰胺进行了一系列的疏水性缬氨酸突变和亲水性的谷氨酰胺突变,并将这一系列突变体克隆至原核表达载体pET-11a中,在大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)中进行了高效表达与初步纯化,为后续测定其热滞活性的变化和验证天冬酰胺的重要性打下了基础. 相似文献
80.
将大果榉的未成熟胚培养在不同植物激素种类和浓度的术本植物培养基(WPM)上产生愈伤组织,然后将愈伤组织接种在芽的诱导培养基上形成不定芽,不定芽在生根培养基上生根形成完整植株.结果表明:大果榉愈伤组织诱导的适合培养基为WPM附加BA 1.0 mg·L-1+NAA 1.0 mg·L-1,诱导事为59.1%;不定芽的分化培养基为在WPM+NAA 0.5 mg·L-1+6.BA 2.0 mg·L-1,不定芽的诱导率为71.1%,在WPM+BA2.5 mg·L-1+NAA1.0 mg·L-1的培养基种芽分化的平均数未为5.21±1.02;生根培养基以WPM+0.1 mg·L-1 IBA的效果量好,生根率可达63.33%,平均最多生根条数为.再生植株在温室适应培养的存活率为92%. 相似文献