Research on abalone (Haliotis midae L.) cultivation in South Africa

Although abalone fisheries in South Africa have existed since 1949, cultivation started by successful spawning of captured specimens in 1981 to produce spat and juveniles. Twelve abalone farms, with an estimated investment of US$12 million, have since been established on the coast of South Africa, with a projected production of 500–800 tons. While Haliotis midae could reach a maximum size of about 200 mm shell length at an age of over 30 years in the wild, farm production is concentrating on an average size of 100 mm after 5 years. Growth rates of 0.08–4.5% body weight day ^?1 for abalone of 10–17 mm shell length have been found under stimulated farming conditions on formulated diets, while the corresponding feed conversion ratio (FCR) was 0.9–2.4. Growth rate, FCR and protein efficiency ratio decline at water temperatures above 20 °C. Anaesthetics, for example magnesium sulphate, are used to prevent injury during removal from tanks. Prostrate diatoms, such as Cocconeis sublittoralis (Hendey), Amphora proteoides (Hustedt) and Achnanthes brevipes (Agardh) are preferred after the larval stage (5–7 days, depending on temperature) are finished. South Africa abalone growers prefer formulated feeds in pellet form, which is convenience and cost favourable to farm operations and management. Although fish meal has been found to be the most suitable protein source for inclusion in formulated diets, plant proteins such as soy bean meal, cottonseed meal and sunflower meal presented good growth and apparent protein digestibility. The parasite sabellid polychaete, Terebrasabella heterouncinata, recently named by Australian and American researchers, is indigenous to a variety of South African intertidal molluscs and impedes growth by causing irritation beneath the mantle in abalone. Prevention to some degree is possible by high standards of hygiene and husbandry of abalone in the tanks, but new techniques to control large infestations now include ultrasound. In spite of a reputation for toughness, abalone meat frozen immediately after shucking is tender relative to red meat. The success of abalone farming in South Africa has been as a result of a high degree of cooperation between the private sector and government‐backed research institutions, and it is anticipated that this collaboration will continue.     

水分胁迫对荔枝幼树根系与梢生长的影响

以盆栽沙培1年生荔枝空中压条苗为试材,研究了水分胁迫对荔枝幼树根系和梢生长的影响以及二者的相互关系。3个处理为:沙体积含水量为7.5%(严重缺水),15.0%(一般缺水),22.5%(充分供水)。结果表明:水分胁迫严重抑制荔枝幼树地上部分和各级侧根的生长,使地上部枝梢生长严重受阻,叶片数量、平均叶面积、叶片厚度均显著变小;根总干重、侧根长度、根表面积显著减少。水分胁迫下促进须根的生长,须根的长度、根表面积比水分充足时显著增加。水分胁迫时叶片淀粉含量下降,而根系积累更多的淀粉。比较不同处理的根梢比发现,干旱对根系生长的抑制作用比枝梢更显著。     

湟源县草地资源基本特点及开发利用

湟源县草地面积有 85 1 85 .1 3hm2 ,占全县土地总面积的 5 6.45 % ,草地资源丰富 ,牧草种类较多 ,农业生产秸秆来源广泛 ,但由于利用不当 ,造成了草地严重破坏和秸秆的浪费 ,如何合理利用草地和秸秆资源 ,扼制草地退化 ,是促进该县畜牧业发展的重要因素     

采种大白菜地膜复盖的研究

为了提高大白菜(B. campestris ssp pekinensis.)种子的产量和质量,我们进行了两年地膜覆盖研究。结果表明:无论直播小株、育苗小株、老株那种采种方式,凡使用地膜覆盖的均比不覆盖的产量增加30％左右,质量也明显的提高;聚乙烯、聚氯乙烯都是良好的地而覆盖材料,在大白菜种子生产中可以取得相近似的效果。     

不同方法构建磺胺二甲氧嘧啶免疫抗原的比较研究

为探讨合成磺胺二甲氧嘧啶(SDM)免疫抗原的有效途径,采用重氮偶合法和戊二醛法分别合成SDM免疫抗原,并对其结构特征、光谱特征和SDM结合比进行比较.结果表明,在合成SDM-BSA中采用重氮偶合法比戊二醛法好.     

结晶葡萄糖的生产工艺、用途及其发展前景

介绍了结晶葡萄糖的生产工艺、主要用途及其发展前景．     

Tresca和Mises与双剪应力屈服理论的几何比较

本文在文献[3]的基础上，在σ2-σr坐标系中用几何法定量比较了Tresca和Mises与双剪应力屈服理论。     

土壤养分位与广义氧化还原电极电势

 根据广义氧化还原理论,给出了土壤溶液中NH₄⁺,P,Ca等养料成份的广义氧化还原电极电势。与养分位比较,用广义氧化还原电极电势来量度土壤养分有效度具有较多的优越性。     

大蒜根蛆的发生规律及防治技术

对湖北省当阳市大蒜根蛆的发生规律、不同品种的抗虫性及药剂防治进行了调查试验。结果表明，大蒜根蛆在湖北1年发生2代，第1代根蛆危害时期为9月8～26日，第2代为9月25日至10月20日，第2代根蛆发生量大，危害严重；不同大蒜品种根蛆危害差异不大；药剂防治以10％地友GR处理土壤防效较好，为88.8％，叶面喷雾以2.5％肯打EC防效较好，为77.7％。     

Leptin对动物繁殖机能的影响及其应用前景

Leptin是由脂肪组织分泌的一种“厌食”激素。自1995年发现以来，就成为最活跃的研究领域。它可通过下丘脑或直接作用于卵巢，对动物青春期的发育、生殖器官的发育以及性激素的分泌都有重要的调节作用。本文综述了Leptin的生物学特性、作用机理及其在繁殖方面的作用，井指出了它在畜牧生产中应用前景。