Sesbania seed collections in Southern Africa

The International Centre for Research in Agroforestry (ICRAF) is a member of the Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research (CGIAR) system and has recently established a Multipurpose Tree Germplasm Resource Unit (MPT-GRU) in Nairobi, Kenya. The first major activity of the MPT-GRU was to undertake a regional germplasm collection ofSesbania in 5 countries in southern Africa in a collaborative mode with National Agricultural Research Services (NARS). The collections took place in Botswana, Malawi, Namibia, Zambia and Zimbabwe.Key elements of a generalised collaborative mode (the model) are indicated follwed by a summary of actual events. The initial phase involved joint planning and training sessions between NARS, three sister CGIAR centres and one regional institution, the Southern Africa Development Conference (SADC) Regional Gene Bank (SRGB). This was followed by actual collections during 1993 led by National scientists with different levels of CGIAR participation in each of the five countries. The International Board of Plant Genetic Resources (IBPGR) took the lead in pre-collection training activities, ICRAF for developing the collection programme and the International Livestock Centre for Africa (ILCA) for seed drying, testing and despatch for field trials. NARS gene banks guided the necessary administrative processes. The ICRAF lead scientist for the species and provenance evaluation phase was a crucial member of the planning process thus allowing integration of the collection with the eventual field evaluation. The article focuses on the collection strategy, administrative protocols for actual collections and summary results. Some advantages and difficulties associated with the collection programme and model are discussed. The collections were important in bringing together agriculturalists and foresters in a common germplasm collection exercise.     

福建柏优树选择及种实表型变异研究

在调查研究福建柏资源基础上,制定了福建柏优树选择方法,于1998年6～11月和1999年7～11月在福建省福建柏自然分布区和栽培区以及湖南省道县福建柏天然林中选择出优树175株,其中从天然林中选出57株,从人工林中选出118株。这些优树总体表现较好,生长量大,平均树高、胸径、材积分别为15 49m、28 6cm和0 51263m3,树干通直圆满,树体健康,无病虫害,平均树龄为35 3a。1999年10～11月,采集到129株优树的球果,测定了各优树的种子千粒重、球果出籽率、球果重、球果长、球果宽、球果长×球果宽、球果长/球果宽和苞鳞数等8个指标,结果表明各优树在种实性状上差异比较大,差异最大的是球果重,平均单果重2 757g,变幅为1 342～4 748g,变异系数为27 86%;平均千粒重为6 378g,变幅为3 647～11 349g;平均出籽率为2 56%,变幅为1 62%～4 79%;球果大小相差较大,球果近球形但略长些。相关分析表明,优树各种实性状间的相关性大都达到极显著水平,千粒重与球果重量、大小呈密切的正相关,与出籽率、苞鳞数及球果形状关系不大;出籽率与其他种实性状间相关性很小,可能是个独立的性状;单果重与苞鳞数及球果大小呈高度的正相关关系,与球果形状没有关系。收集选出的175株优树中的162株,在福建省安溪白濑国有林场建成了全国第一个福建柏种?     

Research and Conservation of Forest Genetic Resources in China

The present situation of forest tree genetic germplasm resources research and conservation in China is introduced which including the background, decision-making of conservation strategies and principles, the plan of area division and tree species classification, the sample strategy of germplasm conservation, the advances in conservation pattern and related technologies research, the achievements of germplasm conservation and utilization in China, and the problems to be solved. The recent achievements and data related are listed.     

我国耐寒桉树的种质资源及其遗传改良

本文概述了中澳合作“耐寒桉树”研究项目在良种筛选与遗传改良方面的主要工作。通过对我国耐寒桉树目标推广区气候特点的认识,及对20年来这些区域桉树引种试验的重新评估,项目筛选出一批耐寒能力在-5℃至-10℃的优良桉树,并它们把分为2类,一类为适生于高海拔地区树种,主要有:蓝桉、直干桉、史密斯桉和亮果桉;一类为适生于低海拔地区树种,包括:邓恩桉、赤桉、巨桉、柳桉。在耐寒桉树的遗传改良方面,该项目通过改建、新建等方式,在全国各地建立以上树种的种子园19个,并制定了各树种的详细改良计划。为获得更多优良耐寒树种,我国近年已建立了一大批耐寒桉树筛选试验,可望在耐寒能力的提高上取得突破。     

咖啡种质资源的引进、研究及利用

对引进保存的个咖啡种质进行种质特性和适应性研究及评价;对用部分种质的基因型作有性杂交,164获得份不同杂交组合种子实生苗材料进行筛选;推广小粒咖啡卡蒂莫(15CIFC7963F6)生产种植6 984hm2,取得显著经济效益。     

西藏野生百合属植物资源及其开发利用

重点介绍了西藏高原野生百合属的植物种类、分布、储量及其鉴别,百合属植物利用的现状和今后开 发的初步设想。     

我国食用菌种质资源现状及其发展趋势

对近年来我国食用菌种质资源调查现状和存在问题进行了分析总结,提出了要加大食用菌种质资源调查与保藏的科研投入,加强食用菌种质资源的鉴定评价、创新与利用研究,尽早确定国家知识产权战略,防止食用菌种质资源流失等发展对策.     

福建省兰科植物种质资源的现状及保护对策

福建省兰科植物种类繁多，种群数量大，生态型齐全，其水平分布遍及全省各地市，集中分布在戴云山西北至武夷山脉东南坡，尤以南平地区为最多．由于过度开发，许多珍稀种濒临灭绝。建议采取有力措施，保护兰科植物种质资源．     

广西乡土园林树种种质资源调查

通过对广西区内各主要自然保护区、森林公园、风景名胜区的乡土园林树种种质资源分布状况调查,了解了广西观赏价值较高的乡土园林树种的基本情况。为系统地认识广西乡土园林树种,广泛而合理地利用、保护和发展这些植物资源,提供科学理论依据。     

Small-scale forestry development in Leyte,Philippines: The central role of nurseries

This paper presents results of survey research into the role of the forestry nursery sector in the development of smallholder forestry in Leyte, Philippines. Seedling production in the province is basically carried out by three categories of nurseries: individual, communal and the government. Seedlings in the government nurseries are primarily raised for free distribution to landholders but the extension scheme fails to reach the majority of the smallholder farmers. Seedling demand of landholders is mostly catered for by the more numerous and accessible individual and communal nurseries. However, problems of capital outlay, sources and supply of germplasm, technical knowledge in nursery management for both timber and fruit trees and low sales are among the major impediments in the sustainability of small-scale nurseries. Most of the communal nurseries fail to sustain the operation after the withdrawal of supporting agencies. Knowledge on site-species matching is needed not only by small-scale nursery operators but also by the managers of government nurseries. It is concluded that the seedling industry in the province is not well established and there is a need to organise better the overall nursery system so as to improve the availability of seedlings and promote appropriate site and species combinations.