氮吸附法分析生物质焦孔隙结构

采用氮吸附法对4种生物质焦(稻壳、树叶、玉米秆、棉花秆)的孔隙结构进行测量,结果表明,不同种类焦样的比表面积和孔径分布有明显差别,树叶的比表面积最大,为242.21 m2·g-1,玉米秆的比表面积最小,为0.81 m2·g-1.850℃时,稻壳、树叶、玉米秆焦样的孔径分布曲线在微孔和中孔范围各有一个分布峰,而棉花秆焦样的孔径分布曲线只在中孔范围内出现一个分布峰.热解温度是影响孔隙结构的一个重要因素,在高温条件下,同步热解得到的焦样的比表面积较大,微孔较多.在本研究中,600℃、850℃的稻壳焦样和850℃的树叶焦样具有较大的比表面积,比较适合做吸附剂.     

Acclimation abilities of three tropical rainforest seedlings to an increase in light intensity

Current practices in many nurseries involve the germination of tropical rainforest seedlings in shaded conditions and transferral, at a later date, to environments with greater light intensities. Determination of the ability of these seedlings to acclimate to increased light intensities will allow seedling stock to be processed with maximum efficiency within the nursery. The acclimation abilities of three species, Agyrodendron actinophyllum, Cardwellia sublimis, and Flindersia brayleyana, commonly found in north Queensland's rainforests were investigated in this study. These particular species are highly valued for their cabinet timber qualities and are being reared in nurseries for use in reforestation trials and programs in north Queensland. Seedlings were initially raised in greenhouse conditions under two layers of shade cloth (16% of full sunlight) and then transferred into full sunlight at three different ages (3 weeks, 10 weeks, 14 weeks). Upon transfer, organ ratios and the direction of dry matter distribution was determined for each species and age group. Approximately 3 months after the seedlings were transferred, the acclimation ability of each species and age group was then determined. Dry matter distribution was found to change with age, irrespective of light environment. Individuals within a species with larger root systems and thicker or more dense leaves had a greater acclimation ability than those with smaller root systems and thinner or less dense leaves. Furthermore, individuals within a species whose dry matter distribution upon transfer was directed towards developing a large root system, and a small photosynthetic area and mass, had a greater acclimation ability than those whose dry matter distribution was directed away from such morphologies. Awareness of these relationships allows a better understanding of seedling response to gap formation in natural forests, and also allows plant nursery operators to make a more informed decision about when to move seedlings to environments with a higher light intensity.     

龟石灌区节水改造的潜力与效益分析

针对龟石灌区农业用水效率低下、浪费严重等问题，提出了节水措施，分析了节水改造的潜力与效益。灌区水资源优化配置与合理利用，提高灌溉水利用率和水分生产率，富余水量用于城市供水及发电，提高单位水量的价值不仅是必要的，而且是灌区发展的必由之路。     

竹缺爪螨实验种群生命表的研究

在25℃温度条件下，用黄金间碧竹（Bambusa vulgaris cv.vittata)叶饲养竹缺爪螨（Aponychus corpuzae Rimando)，应用生存分析理论和多维矩阵模型组建竹缺爪螨种群生命表，计算得种群主要参数为：内禀增长率rm＝0．0811，净增殖率R0＝5．8368，平均世代长度T＝21．7532d，周限增长率λ=1.0845/d；并分析了种群在不同年龄的生命状态，各发育期重叠情况以及稳定的年龄一阶段分布；最后讨论了应用这2种方法组建螨类生命表的优点。     

笼养鸡舍鸡粪固态处理系统的研究

上海出现多种笼养鸡舍液态鸡粪的处理方法，似均存在投资大、运行费用高、操作管理复杂、技术不过关或不配套等缺点。作者设计了“鸡粪固态处理系统”，其思路是在笼养鸡舍内就使粪与饮水严格分流。本文介绍了该系统的工艺流程、设施改造。日常管理等。实践证明该系统具有投资很少、运行费用甚低。操作管理十分简单、不占用土地和效益相当突出的优点，确是一项简易的实用技术。     

菲律宾以稻为基础的种植制度生态学评价 Ⅰ.各类种植方式的养分平衡

在菲律宾的雨养旱地、雨养低地和灌溉田种植制度研究基点上,分别对各种农民和拟推广的实验种植方式,进行了生物量及其组成、作物分器官的 C、N、P、K 含量与分布比率、作物残茬燃烧后 C、N、P、K 损失测定。从添加与取走两个方面,分三种添加与取走情况,计算了土壤N、P、K 的部分养分平衡与有机质平衡。结果显示:在当地施肥水平下,即使归还全部残茬,很难维持 N、P、K 的养分平衡,但能较好满足土壤有机质平衡。为维持土壤有机质的年平衡,雨养低地和雨养旱地需分别归还1400和1900公斤生物物质/公顷.年。并对当地维持养分平衡的途径作了分析与探讨。     

西北工业大学金叶信息技术学院中心绿地景观设计

探讨了西北工业大学金叶信息技术学院中心绿地的景观设计方案,本着生态可持续发展、以人为本和浓郁文化内涵的原则,创造一个以自然景观和人文景观相结合的优美环境,为师生提供具有园林艺术氛围的学习、交流、休闲、娱乐和生活的场所.     

合作猪异地生长性能的初步研究

对异地饲养合作猪不同阶段体重的测定分析结果表明,合作猪体重的增长与月龄呈线性生长模式,绝对生长曲线呈钟状对称分布,在3~4月龄达到最大值242.563 g;相对生长曲线随月龄呈下降趋势,符合生物生长机理,其生长发育表现出良好的异地适应性和生长潜能。     

论电路中的干扰形成及干扰抑制技术

本文对电路中的噪声的形成进行分析,并对噪声干扰的抑制技术进行探讨。     

恩施山地扭叶松的幼树期引种成效

用产于加拿大9个种源的扭叶松种子育苗,在湖北恩施的建始县国有高岩子林场的十字坪、姚家坡进行了扭叶松不同种源地、不同种源的植苗造林试验。其幼树期的试验结果表明:扭叶松能适应两地的环境条件,植苗造林成活率及保存率达91.3%~100%;对14年生的试验林进行高、径生长分析,扭叶松的树高生长和胸径生长受种源、造林地点的影响极显著;种源与造林地点对树高生长的交互作用极显著。进一步对树高进行单点分析,参试的9个种源,在十字坪试点,10577、26230、25730、27084、28476、14726、26153七个种源的树高生长极显著高于25801、25803两个种源,且7个种源两两间差异不显著;姚家坡试点10577种源的树高生长极显著高于其他种源,其下依次是28476、26153、26730、27084、14726五个种源。胸径生长在种源间的极显著差异缘于10577种源与25803、25801种源间的差异,其他任意两种源间的胸径生长差异不显著。