Genetic and histological characterization of a novel recessive genic male sterile line of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Brassica napus</Emphasis> derived from a cross with <Emphasis Type="Italic">Capsella bursa</Emphasis>-<Emphasis Type="Italic">pastoris</Emphasis>

In a previously made cross Brassica napus cv. Oro (2n = 38) × Capsella bursa-pastoris (2n = 4x = 32), one F₁ hybrid with 2n = 38 was totally male sterile. The hybrid contained no complete chromosomes from C. bursa-pastoris, but some specific AFLP (amplified fragment length polymorphism) bands of C. bursa-pastoris were detected. The hybrid was morphologically quite similar to ‘Oro’ except for smaller flowers with rudimentary stamens but normal pistils, and showed good seed-set after pollination by ‘Oro’ and other B. napus cultivars. The fertility segregation ratios (3:1, 1:1) in its progenies indicated that the male sterility was controlled by a single recessive gene. In the pollen mother cells of the male sterile hybrid, chromosome pairing and segregation were normal. Histological sectioning of its anthers showed that the tapetum was multiple layers and was hypertrophic from the stage of sporogenic cells, and that the tetrads were compressed by the vacuolated and disaggregated tapetum and no mature pollen grains were formed in anther sacs, thus resulting in male sterility. The possible mechanisms for the production of the male sterile hybrid and its potential in breeding are discussed.     

番茄(Lycoqersicon esculentum Mill)小孢子发生及其雄配子体发育的细胞学观察

番茄小孢子的发生从孢原细胞开始,经过造孢细胞,小孢子母细胞、四分体、小孢子、雄配子体等发育阶段,最后形成二核花粉.番茄的绒毡层细胞是由初生壁细胞衍生的同型的双核细胞,正常情况下在减数分裂时期至四分体时期同步溶解.番茄的绒毡层为"变形绒毡层"类型,即溶解后的绒毡层要形成周原质团流入药室.番茄小孢子母细胞的减数分裂为同时型,在减数第一次分裂后不立即形成细胞壁,而是形成一个双核细胞;第二次分裂中,两个核同时进行分裂,其方向互为垂直,当分裂完成时,在四个核之间产生细胞壁,分隔成一个呈正四面体形的四分体.新形成的小孢子有浓厚细胞质和一个位于中央的细胞核.小孢子进一步发育形成明显的细胞壁,增大体积,细胞核被挤向一侧,在贴近细胞壁的位置上细胞核进行有丝分裂.分裂的结果形成两个子核:生殖核和营养核,两核之间最初由一弧形细胞板分隔成两个不等的细胞.番茄小孢子的发育基本是同步的,大多数小孢子都能发育成正常的成熟花粉.     

高粱非迈罗型A2细胞质雄性不育系A2V4小孢子败育过程的细胞学研究

高粱非迈罗型细胞质雄性不育(CMS)系A2V4,具有来源于IS12662C不育细胞质和Chicklett细胞核背景,以A2V4组配的杂交种已用于生产。以A2V4/B2V4为材料,对A2CMS的花药发育及小孢子败育过程进行了细胞学观察研究。结果发现,在A2V4雄性不育系的花药发育过程中有大量异常现象。药室的绒毡层细胞不形成或提前解体;药室内的花粉母细胞不发育或小孢子液泡化;绒毡层细胞发育异常,出现巨型化而挤满整个药室;绒毡层细胞虽发育正常,但花粉母细胞发育异常,在造孢细胞时期即开始出现变形现象,随后发生粘连退化;绝大部分花粉母细胞不能完成正常的减数分裂过程形成四分体,导致小孢子退化。