Stimulation of ROS-scavenging systems in squash (Cucurbita pepo L.) plants by compost supplementation under normal and low temperature conditions

The beneficial effect of compost, the final product of aerobic biodegradation of organic matter, on growth, lipid peroxidation [as malondialdehyde (MDA], hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) and superoxide anion (O₂^•−), activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and glutathione reductase (GR), as well as reduced ascorbate (ASC) and glutathione (GSH) and their oxidized forms was investigated in squash (Cucurbita pepo L. cv. Eskandarany) plants exposed to normal and low temperature (LT) conditions. LT stress of 8 °C significantly reduced the plant growth of untreated plants, but compost alleviated the adverse effect of stress and significantly increased the fresh and dry weights under normal and stress conditions. LT also induced accumulation of H₂O₂ and O₂^•− and resulted in increased lipid peroxidation, pointing out to cellular oxidative stress. Under compost application, such reactive oxygen species (ROS) and peroxidized lipids were markedly reduced, but SOD, CAT, APX and GR activities, key enzymes of ROS-scavenging systems, were significantly increased. Data also indicated that there were general reductions in total ascorbate and glutathione pool in LT control plants, but compost-treated ones considerably have maintained higher levels of such redox metabolites. Significantly higher ratios of ASC/DHA (dehydroascorbate) and GSH/GSSG (glutathione disulfide) were generally found in compost-treated plants than in untreated-ones. It is evident that compost induced enhancement of LT tolerance was related to up-regulation of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant systems. Such enhancement would eventually protect plant cells from LT-induced oxidative stress reactions via scavenging ROS.     

Response of hot pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) to mulching practices under planted greenhouse condition

Mulch is considered a desirable management technology for conserving soil moisture, improving soil temperature and soil quality. This study aimed to investigate soil conditions and hot pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) performance in terms of leaf photosynthetic capacity, fruit yield and quality, and irrigation water use efficiency (IWUE) under such practices in greenhouse condition. A field experiment across 3 years was carried out with four types of mulch (without mulch [CK], wheat straw mulch [SM], plastic film mulch [FM], and combined mulch with plastic film and wheat straw [CM]). Mulch could improve soil physical properties regardless of mulch materials. FM and CM treatments improved soil moistures status and soil temperature in comparison to CK control, while SM increased soil water content and decreased soil temperature. Mulch increased leaf net photosynthesis rate (P_N), stomatal conductance to water vapor (gs), intercellular CO₂ concentration (Ci), and transpiration rate (E), but declined instant water use efficiency (WUEi). No significant effect of mulch application on chlorophyll fluorescence was existent for the entire growth season. Fruit yield and irrigation water use efficiency (IWUE) showed some increment under all the mulch conditions. Compared to CK, the yield was enhanced by 82.3%, 65.0%, and 111.5% in 2008; 38.1%, 17.4%, and 46.5% in 2009; and 14.3%, 6.5%, and 19.6% in 2010 under SM, FM, and CM conditions, respectively. Although FM produced better fruit quality than other treatments, CM is the recommended practice for hot pepper cultivation in greenhouse condition due to working well to facilitate soil condition (moisture and temperature), plant growth, and marketable yield.     

How do earthworms influence organic matter quantity and quality in tropical soils?

Earthworms are important regulators of soil structure and soil organic matter (SOM) dynamics; however, quantifying their influence on SOM cycling in tropical ecosystems remains little studied. Simulated rainfall was used to disrupt casts produced by Amynthas khami and their surrounding soil (control) into a range of small sized aggregates (50-250, 250-500, 500-2000 and 2000-5000 μm). To gain insight into how earthworms influence SOM biogeochemical composition in the aggregates, we carried out elemental and stable isotope analysis, and analytical pyrolysis (Py GC/MS). We also characterized their lignin component after oxidation with cupric oxide (CuO).The C content of smaller size fractions (<500 μm) in the control soil was higher than in the larger fractions. Our study therefore suggests that the aggregate hierarchy concept, which is used to understand soil aggregates and SOM dynamics in temperate soils, may not be applicable to the tropical Acrisol studied here. Earthworms modified SOM organization in soil aggregates. Although the isotope analyses were useful for highlighting SOM enrichment in the earthworm casts, aggregate fractions could not be classified according to particle size. Molecular analyses were necessary to indicate that SOM in all size fractions of casts consisted of relatively undecomposed material. Protection of the most labile SOM structures occurred in the smallest aggregate size fraction (50-250 μm). Py GC/MS showed that earthworm casts and control aggregates <2000 μm could be clearly distinguished according to the molecular properties of their SOM. Aggregates larger than 2000 μm, however, were most probably composed of all fractions and were not different. As a consequence, our results indicate that studies to determine the impact of earthworms on SOM turnover in soil are spatially dependant on the scale of observation.     

毛竹液泡膜Na+/H+逆向运输蛋白基因克隆及表达分析

植物Na+/H+逆向转运蛋白具有稳定细胞质内Na+浓度和调节pH值的功能,对植物的耐盐性具有重要的作用。利用RT-PCR和RACE技术分离出毛竹(Phyllostachys pubescens)Na+/H+逆向转运蛋白编码基因PpNHX1的cDNA序列,全长2290bp(GenBank登录号为GU295174)。该基因的编码蛋白PpNHX1包含545个氨基酸残基,进行BLASTp比对,发现其与芦苇(Phragmites communis)PcNHX1、水稻(Oryza sativa)OsNHX1的序列同源性分别为89%和88%。系统发育分析表明,PpNHX1蛋白与禾本科植物液泡膜Na+/H+逆向转运蛋白的亲缘关系较近,与质膜型Na+/H+逆向转运蛋白亲缘关系较远。以半定量RT-PCR检测PpNHX1基因的表达情况,发现PpNHX1受到200mmol/L NaCl胁迫的诱导,在4h内的表达量随NaCl处理时间延长持续增强,其中根部的表达增强幅度明显高于茎和叶;但4h后,PpNHX1在根与叶中的表达量均有所下降。推断PpNHX1基因在盐胁迫下的表达调控与毛竹耐盐能力密切相关。     

基于RFID技术的图书馆管理系统设计与实现

针对图书馆管理的主要工作流程,对采、编、典、流的需求进行系统开发,在SQL Server 2005和Visual C#2008环境下,进行面向对象的程序设计,基于图书馆局域网络,采用C/S模式,研发了基于RFID技术的图书馆管理系统。     

基于.NET技术网络教学平台的开发

设计并实现了基于.NET技术的网络教学平台,从平台的开发方法及途径、总体结构及功能、关键技术等角度做了阐述。     

含有融合标记基因和LoxP／FRT位点的植物表达载体构建及应用

本研究利用化学合成法合成了包含pCAMBIA0390左右边界T-DNA和LoxP／FRT（LF）位点的DNA片段Ⅰ,利用SacⅡ和SphⅠ酶切位点,去除了pCAMBIA0390左右边界T—DNA和多克隆位点之间的序列,然后连接DNA片段Ⅰ和载体片段,构建了植物表达载体pGM323-LF-enTP。随后,再合成含有适合在单予叶植物中表达的由玉米Ubi-1启动子驱动的融合标记基因（Bar：：gus）和水稻actin-1启动子驱动的助抗虫蛋白基因（Cry1A6）表达元件的DNA片段Ⅳ,在pGM323～LF—enTP的基础上,利用5以Ⅰ和PstⅠ位点构建了同时含有LF位点、Bar：：gus以及Cry1Ab基因表达元件的表达载体pGM626-LF—ABt。利用含有pGM626-LF—ABt的农杆菌遗传转化烟草和玉米,以草丁膦作为抗性筛选剂,非转化细胞得到了有效抑制,快速获得了转基W植株,利用GUS组织化学检测和RT—PCR分析了转基因植株中标记基因的表达,结果表明pGM626-LF—ABt可以用于农杆菌介导的单、双子叶植物遗传转化。本研究为培育安全抗虫转基因植物奠定了基础。     

水稻白叶枯病菌GX1329基因组文库的构建及含编码TAL效应物基因的克隆的分离

由革兰氏阴性细菌水稻白叶枯病菌引起的水稻白叶枯病是亚洲、北美以及非洲部分地区最严重的水稻病害之一,水稻白叶枯病可使水稻减产高达50％以上。研究表明水稻白叶枯病菌的毒力主要依靠三型分泌系统所分泌的效应物。为了解水稻白叶枯病菌广西菌株GX1329中含有avrBs3／pthA家族基因的情况,本研究应用Alu I部分酶切其基因组DNA,构建了含有736个克隆的菌株GX1329的基因组文库。BamHI酶切分析随机挑取的15个文库克隆表明,克隆的外源DNA随机性良好,克隆的最小片段为27．7kb,最大为58．5kb,平均大小为39．9kb,文库克隆容量约为2．8×10^3Mb,该文库中包含基因组中任一个基因的概率为99．4％。利用来自水稻白叶枯病菌菲律宾菌株PX086的无毒基因avrXa10的第252位～第486位核苷酸序列作为探针,通过菌落原位杂交从GX1329基因组文库中筛选到37个含avrBs3／pthA家族基因的克隆。再通过Southern杂交分析,得到了17个独立克隆。这17个克隆中至少含有13个不同的avrBs3／pthA家族基因。这些基因在GX1329基因组中有的单独存在,有的两个或两个以上串联存在。本工作基本上明确了菌株GX1329基因组中avrBs3／pthA家族基因的数量,为进一步研究菌株GX1329中avrBs3／pthA家族基因的功能奠定了基础。     

基蘖肥与穗肥氮比例对双季稻产量和碳氮比的影响

试验研究了基蘖肥与穗肥氮比例对双季早、晚稻产量,干物质积累量,氮素积累量和碳氮比的影响。结果表明,当总施氮量为N 225 kg/hm2时,基蘖肥与穗肥氮比例7∶3处理的产量最高,其次为6∶4、8∶2处理,均比当地习惯施肥法（10∶0）高产。同时,当基蘖肥占总施氮量60%70%时,双季早、晚稻具有较高的干物质积累量、氮素积累量、氮素当季利用率、氮素农艺效率,群体的碳氮代谢也比较协调。早稻孕穗期叶片可用性糖（可溶性总糖＋淀粉）含量17%18%,碳氮比5055,晚稻孕穗期叶片可用性糖含量19%21%,碳氮比5060,这可能是基蘖肥与穗肥氮比例为7∶3和6∶4时双季水稻高产的生理基础。综合双季早、晚稻产量、氮素利用率及碳氮比值,穗肥施氮量占总施氮量的适宜比例为30%-40%。     

氮水平和形态配比对巴西橡胶树花药苗生长及氮代谢、光合作用的影响

采用砂培方法研究了不同供氮水平及NH4+/NO3-配比对巴西橡胶树花药苗生长、氮代谢及光合作用相关指标的影响。结果表明,随供氮水平的提高,橡胶花药苗茎秆、叶、地上部及单株总干重、植株各部位氮含量和氮积累量、叶绿素含量均相应升高,其中粗根、茎秆、叶片含氮量、单株吸氮量及叶绿素含量各处理间差异均达显著水平;株高、茎粗、细根干重、叶片光合速率先增后减,且以8 mmol/L氮水平时最大;低氮水平下细根硝酸还原酶（NR）活性较高。不同NH4+/NO3-配比试验中,纯NH4+营养下小苗各部位氮含量、氮积累量最高（除细根和叶柄氮积累量）;NH4+/NO3-为75/25时,小苗株高、茎粗、叶柄、叶片、植株地上部及株干重最大,NH4+/NO3-为50/50时,小苗细根干重、茎秆干重、叶绿素含量、光合速率最大,且显著大于纯NO3-营养处理;而NH4+/NO3- 50/50时,处理间差异不显著（除细根和茎秆N含量）;纯NO3-营养下小苗细根NR活性最高,但生长最弱。结果说明橡胶花药苗不适宜于纯NO3-环境,而适宜于纯NH4+及NH4+/NO3-混合营养,其适宜水平为8 mmol/L和NH4+/NO3-50/50。