盐碱地上耐盐小麦复播玉米综合效益的研究

在盐渍化地上直接种植耐盐小麦后复播玉米，既是作为快速改良盐碱地的技术措施之一，又是充分利用土地、光热、水分等自然资源的重要手段。在北疆条件下，本研究的结果为：土壤盐分（0－50cm)含量为1．07％的盐碱地上种植耐盐冬小麦并复播玉米，比一般的种植方式增产67％－152％，土壤当年的脱盐率达84％以上，光热资源和水资源的利用较高。这种种植方式有较高的生物产量，增加了农田的载畜量。同时既提高了经济效益，又有利于培肥土壤、改善土壤结构。     

沈阳地区玉米光热水生产潜力研究

在玉米光热生产潜力的基础上，进一步讨论沈阳地区水分对玉米生产潜力发挥的限制作用，结果表明：水分的限制率为１８．５％，使玉米经济产量降低３９５．０１ｋｇ／ｍｕ。     

玉米雄性不育突变体mi-ms-3的遗传分析及分子鉴定

Maize is one of the best crops in the utilization of heterosis. Male sterile lines are important germplasms for the hybrids production. A male sterile mutant named mi-ms-3 was obtained by screening in a mutator insertion library. The number of male anthers in tassel decreased and not exserted. There were few anthers with only two pollen sacs in the mutant tassels, and some of the anthers were degenerated to membranous and formed filaments at their ends. Although pollens in the anthers could be stained by I₂-KI, pollen shedding was abnormal and the number of pollen grains decreased. The number of silks in the ear of the mutant increased, and there was a sterile grain on both sides of the maturated kernel. Fertility of F₁ plants, which were obtained by hybridization between mi-ms-3 and maize inbred Mo17, was normal. Genetic analysis of F₂ population showed that the mutant phenotype was controlled by a recessive gene. The candidate gene was preliminarily mapped on the long arm of chromosome 3 by BSA and it was located between a SSR marker and an Indel marker with a distance of 1.5 cM. There are 21 candidate genes in this region. It was finally found that the insertion mutation of Mu transposon occurred at 30 bp upstream of the coding region of zm00001d042618 (zmm16) by transponson tagging and sequencing analysis. The results showed that mi-ms-3 was a new allele of sts1, which caused by a single base mutation in the coding region. RT-PCR analysis indicated that the expression of zmm16 in the mutant was decreased. The identification of the new allelic mutant of sts1 in this study would provide new materials for the study of flower development and hybrid seed production.     

苯丙氨酸解氨酶活性与玉米对纹枯病抗性的关系

苯丙氨酸解氨酶活性变化在玉米抗、感品种和不同生育期与叶鞘位之间存在差异。在玉米(川单10号)的不同生育期和叶鞘位中,随生育期的发展和叶鞘位的下降,苯丙氨酸解氨酶活性降低。在受纹枯病菌侵染后,抗病品种(R15)的苯丙氨酸解氨酶活性增加的速度和程度明显高于感病品种(K09)。这一结果表明,玉米对纹枯病的阶段抗性变化以及品种抗性与苯丙氨酸解氨酶活性变化相关。     

玉米饲用营养价值的氮素调控

采用盆栽法研究了施氮时期对玉米鲁单50饲用营养价值的调控作用。结果表明,施氮肥处理玉米的生物产量、籽粒产量以及饲用营养品质都显著的高于不施氮肥的。拔节期一次性施用氮肥可以获得较高的生物产量,有利于提高玉米作为青饲（贮）饲料的营养价值;拔节、大口（或开花）期,2或3次施氮肥有利于提高粮饲兼用玉米的饲用营养价值。     

Effects of previous leaf injuries to spring canola on western black flea beetle (Phyllotreta pusilla) feeding

Two trials were conducted in 2002 with 14-day-old spring canola (Brassica napus L.) seedlings to evaluate the effects of previous leaf injuries of different cultivars on subsequent injury by western black flea beetle (WBFB),Phyllotreta pusilla Horn (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), under greenhouse conditions in Colorado (USA). Previous leaf cutting was found to have only minor effects on subsequent infestation and injury by WBFB, and such effects may be cultivar-specific. Only IMC205 showed significant differences by more than one parameter during these studies; cultivars Excel and 46A65 showed no responses in injury or infestation between previously cut and uncut plants. http://www.phytoparasitica.org posting Nov. 14, 2005.     

低频电流处理种子防治玉米小斑病研究

玉米小斑病(Bipolarismaydis)是玉米上的1种重要病害,近年来发生愈来愈重。2002～2005年参照电处理种子具有刺激作物生长、增强抗逆力、提高产量的原理,引用作为防治玉米小斑病的措施之一,进行了试验研究。结果表明,低频电流处理种子有促进生长、抑制病情发展、提高产量的作用。     

免耕覆盖夏玉米耗水特性及土壤环境变化研究

2002～2003年在西北农林科技大学灌溉试验站夏玉米田进行了小麦秸秆不同覆盖量的大田试验.通过不同覆盖处理对夏玉米的耗水特性及土壤水热环境变化影响的研究,表明采用完全覆盖可使作物耗水减少27.6%、产量增加21.22%、1 m土壤含水率提高37%,覆盖焚烧处理耗水量高于免耕覆盖10%～41%.另外,利用秸秆免耕覆盖比覆盖焚烧土壤的速效氮、速效磷、速效钾均有所提高.最后,从节约资源和改善环境污染的角度分析了秸秆覆盖对土壤环境的影响.     

不同耐旱性玉米根系解剖结构比较研究

以大田生长的不同耐旱性玉米品种为试验材料,采用徒手切片法和常规石蜡制片法对玉米的初生根和各层次生根的基部、中部和根毛区显微结构进行了系统研究和比较.结果显示:与不酎旱品种玉米的根系相比,耐旱玉米的初生胚根的皮层细胞层数较少,木质部导管数量较多、导管直径较小;各层次生根的皮层细胞层教相对较少,木质部导管数量相对较多,导管直径相对较小.     

不同水分状况下秸秆覆盖量对玉米根、冠生长的影响

在遮雨棚控水条件下,采用盆栽的方式研究了不同秸秆覆盖量对玉米根、冠生长的影响.试验按对照(CK)和秸秆覆盖量0.3 kg/m2(SM0.3)、0.6 kg/m2(SM0.6)、0.9 kg/m2(SM0.9)、1.2 kg/m2.(SM1.2)共设5个处理,水分按高水(占田间持水量的90%)和低水(占田间持水量的60%)设两个水平.分别测定了玉米根、茎、叶、穗干重,根系垂直空间分布及叶片叶绿素相对含量等指标.结果表明:秸秆覆盖明显改变了玉米根系和地上部分的生长;高水条件下SM0.6处理玉米根系、茎秆、叶和穗干重均高于其它处理;低水条件下,地上部分干重SM1.2最大,SM0.6次之;根系的垂直空间分布与水分和覆盖条件都有密切的关系,覆盖措施主要影响下层根系的生长和发育.