含锌酵母的培养试验研究

以酵母菌 IFO2 346菌株为菌种 ,在基础培养基中加入适量的锌离子 ,经发酵试验获得高锌酵母产品。对该株酵母的最适生长条件进行了初步研究。结果表明 :该菌在无机锌浓度为40 0 μg/ m L、接种量为 10 %、最适 p H值为 6左右、碳源为蔗糖、氮源为磷酸二氢铵的培养条件下 ,干酵母含锌量达 80 mg/ g,该研究取得了较为满意的结果     

液压阀插装实验台的设计

怎样快速准确的确定液压阀在液压系统中的故障现象,一直是液压工作者有待解决的问题。该实验台通过某些特殊设计的插装装置和快换管接头,把假设有故障的液压元件和实验台快速连接起来,可进行各种性能检测,确定其损坏程度,从而节省了诊断故障的时间并避免了维修中不必要的损伤。在教学上,该实验台可使实验者自选液压元件,设计、组装液压基本回路或液压系统,从而打破了以往实验者“只能看不能动”的蔽病,提高实验者的动手能力。在工程上,利用该实验台模拟制造的液压系统,可预测其实际工作状况的好坏,从而避免了在实际生产制造中由于某些性能指标达不到要求而带来的不良后果。     

七个苦瓜自交系主要经济性状配合力和遗传参数分析

选用7个苦瓜自交系按双列杂交法配制21个杂交组合,分析了9个主要经济性状的配合力和遗传力.结果表明:各性状的一般配合力和特殊配合力效应均达到极显著水平.亲本P3综合性状最优,可以在育种中直接利用;组合P3×P7综合性状最优.除瓜长和始收期外,其它性状主要以非加性效应为主.     

酒泉市县级兽医实验室检测能力比对结果分析

兽医实验室检测在动物疫病预防控制中提供理论依据和参考凭证,在动物疫病防控体系中有着举足轻重的地位。兽医实验室检测能力比对,是评价兽医实验室检测技术水平的重要手段,也是加强兽医实验室质量控制的有效方法。2011～2017年酒泉市每年组织七个县级兽医实验室开展检测能力比对,共检测比对样品1337份,检测结果与标准对照值相符的1117份,符合率83.55%。     

Developmental ability of oocytes retrieved from Meishan neonatal ovarian tissue grafted into nude mice

Ovarian xenografting makes it possible to obtain oocytes with fertilization ability from immature pigs of Western breeds. In this study, we applied these methods to the Meishan, an indigenous Chinese pig breed, and investigated the developmental competence of oocytes grown in their neonatal tissue after grafting into nude mice. First, mice harboring neonatal ovarian tissue were infused with follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) (62.5 U/ml) for 13 days starting at 10, 30, and 60 days after vaginal opening (D10‐, D30‐, and D60‐FSH groups, respectively). Development of antral follicles and their oocytes was most enhanced in the D60‐FSH group. For the next step, we examined the in vitro maturation ability of the oocytes recovered from host mice after infusion with FSH at a dose of 62.5 U/ml or 125 U/ml (FSH‐62.5 or ‐125 group) for 13 days starting at 60 days after vaginal opening. Many more oocytes with maturation ability were obtained from the FSH‐125 group. The FSH‐125 mature oocytes were fertilized in vitro, as shown by formation of male and female pronuclei, but did not reach the blastocyst stage. These results indicate that Meishan neonatal ovaries are able to produce oocytes with fertilization ability after being grafted into nude mice.     

Inheritance of resistance in carnation against Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. dianthi races 1 and 2, in relation to resistance components

Four carnation cultivars, Novada (resistant to races 1 and 2 ofFusarium oxysporum f.sp.dianthi), Elsy (susceptible to race 1), Lena (susceptible to race 2) and Sam's Pride (susceptible to both races), were selfed and crossed. When three months old, the seedlings were inoculated via the roots or via the stems, after which wilting was recorded weekly according to a 5-point ordinal scale.Analyses were carried out on the proportions of diseased plants. For race 1 variation between the progenies could be described by means of general combining abilities only; GCA values were not affected by the inoculation method used. Also for race 2 GCAs were most important but the GCA values appeared different for the two inoculation methods. It is concluded that resistance to both races is inherited in an additive way.Indications for independently inherited root-specific resistance components (extravascular resistance) were only found with race 2. With both races, the ability to confine the pathogen at the infection site appeared the most important resistance component. Resistant progenies were also characterized by longer latent periods and lower wilting rates.Both race 1 and race 2 induced the accumulation of the phytoalexins dianthalexin and methoxydianthramide S, but race 2 induced higher amounts than race 1. The accumulation of phytoalexins was positively correlated to the resistance level of the progenies against the respective races. The progenies of the double-resistant cultivar Novada appeared to produce particularly high levels of phytoalexins.     

Behavioural linear standardized scoring system of the Lidia cattle breed by testing in herd: estimation of genetic parameters

Docility is very important for cattle production, and many behavioural tests to measure this trait have been developed. However, very few objective behavioural tests to measure the opposite approach ‘ aggressive behaviour’ have been described. Therefore, the aim of this work was to validate in the Lidia cattle breed a behavioural linear standardized scoring system that measure the aggressiveness and enable genetic analysis of behavioural traits expressing fearless and fighting ability. Reproducibility and repeatability measures were calculated for the 12 linear traits of this scoring system to assess its accuracy, and ranged from 85.3 and 94.2%, and from 66.7 to 97.9%, respectively. Genetic parameters were estimated using an animal model with a Bayesian approach. A total of 1202 behavioural records were used. The pedigree matrix contained 5001 individuals. Heritability values (with standard deviations) ranged between 0.13 (0.04) (Falls of the bull) and 0.41 (0.08) (Speed of approach to horse). Genetic correlations varied from 0.01 (0.07) to 0.90 (0.13). Finally, an exploratory factor analysis using the genetic correlation matrix was calculated. Three main factors were retained to describe the traditional genetic indexes aggressiveness, strength and mobility.     

饲料中胆固醇含量对淡水养殖凡纳滨对虾生长性能、抗弧菌和抗亚硝态氮胁迫能力的影响

为研究饲料中胆固醇含量对淡水养殖条件下凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)生长性能、抗弧菌和抗亚硝态氮胁迫能力的影响,在10%鱼粉的基础上设计胆固醇添加量分别为0(C0组)、1(C1组)、2(C2组)、3(C3组)和4 g/kg(C4组)的等氮等能饲料(实测饲料中胆固醇含量依次为0.78、1.57、2.45、3.43和4.18 g/kg),分别投喂初始体重为(0.160±0.002)g的凡纳滨对虾50 d。每种饲料投喂4个网箱,每个网箱养殖凡纳滨对虾50尾。养殖试验结束后检测对虾的生长性能、肌肉常规组成以及急性哈维氏弧菌(Vibrio harveyi)感染及亚硝态氮胁迫下的死亡情况。结果表明:凡纳滨对虾的特定生长率和存活率不受饲料胆固醇含量的显著影响(P0.05),但C0组对虾的饲料系数显著高于C2、C3和C4组(P0.05)。随饲料胆固醇含量的增加,对虾肌肉中粗蛋白质含量逐渐升高,C3、C4组显著高于C0组(P0.05);肌肉中粗脂肪含量先升高后降低,C2组显著高于其他组(P0.05)。肝胰腺和肌肉中胆固醇含量随饲料胆固醇含量的增加而显著升高(P0.05),血清中胆固醇含量先升高后降低,且C2组显著高于C0组(P0.05)。急性感染哈维氏弧菌后,随饲料胆固醇含量的增加,同一时间点各组对虾累积死亡率均先降低后升高,C2组在感染24、36、48、72和96 h后的累积死亡率均最低。在8.5~9.0 mg/L亚硝态氮急性胁迫下,96 h后对虾累积死亡率与饲料中胆固醇含量呈负相关,且C0和C1组显著高于C2、C3和C4组(P0.05)。综上所述,淡水养殖条件下,1.57 g/kg的饲料胆固醇含量即可满足凡纳滨对虾生长的需求,但2.45 g/kg的饲料胆固醇含量可使对虾获得最佳的抗弧菌能力和理想的抗亚硝态氮胁迫能力。     

马蔺对Cd胁迫的响应及其富集能力分析

试验采用水培法,探讨了低浓度Cd(15mg/L)和高浓度Cd(100mg/L)处理对马蔺植物的生长及生理指标的影响。结果表明,低浓度Cd对马蔺幼苗株高、地下部鲜干重的影响不显著,但对叶绿素含量存在显著影响;可促进叶片中可溶性蛋白含量、MDA,SOD和POD活性增加。高浓度Cd对马蔺幼苗株高、叶绿素a、b及地上鲜干重均存在显著影响,地下部鲜干重和可溶性蛋白含量虽低于对照(0mg/L),但没有显著性差异;MDA,SOD和POD活性显著增加。低浓度Cd和高浓度Cd处理下,叶片的叶绿素a/b比值较对照均增大,且叶绿素b下降幅度大于叶绿素a。高浓度Cd处理下马蔺对Cd的转移系数大于低浓度的,但均0.5,根系富集Cd的能力达75%,说明马蔺具有较强的耐Cd特性。     

Effect of pectin oligosaccharides and zinc chelate on growth performance,zinc status,antioxidant ability,intestinal morphology and short‐chain fatty acids in broilers

A 42‐day trial was conducted to investigate the effect of pectin oligosaccharides (POS) and zinc chelate (Zn‐POS) on growth performance, antioxidant ability, zinc status, intestinal morphology and short‐chain fatty acids in broilers. A total of 324 1‐day‐old Arbor Acres broilers were randomly assigned to three treatments with six cages of 18 chicks. Treatments were: (a) Control, 80 mg/kg Zn from ZnSO₄; (b) POS, 80 mg/kg Zn from ZnSO₄ + 482 mg/kg POS (the same amount of POS as treatment 3); and (c) Zn‐POS, 80 mg/kg zinc from Zn‐POS. Compared to the Control, both POS and Zn‐POS supplementation increased average daily gain and reduced the mortality during day 22–42, and only Zn‐POS supplementation decreased the ratio of feed to gain during day 22–42 and 1–42. Moreover, both POS and Zn‐POS supplementation improved Zn status and gut function as evidenced by increased metallothionein concentrations in the pancreas, villus height in the duodenum and isobutyrate concentrations in the caecal digesta. Additionally, Zn‐POS supplementation increased gene expressions of metallothionein, Zn transporter 1, Zn transporter 2 in the pancreas, nuclear factor erythroid 2‐related factor 2 in the liver, the concentrations of acetate, propionate, butyrate and total SCFA in the caecal digesta and the villus height to crypt depth ratio in the duodenum and jejunum, whereas decreased the crypt depth in these two tissues. Altogether, our results revealed that dietary POS or Zn‐POS supplementation benefited growth performance, Zn status, antioxidant ability and gut function of broilers. Supplementing Zn‐POS in the form of chelate was more effective than feeding POS or ZnSO₄ separately.