白三叶分枝格局的研究

研究不同施肥处理对白三叶分枝格局和土壤利用强度的影响，结果表明，白三叶最合适的分枝角度为６０°，分枝能容忍的最大拥挤是４０°的扇形区域；整个克隆以源株为中心向四周生长形成六边形轮廓。同源株的分枝角度存在某种调节机制，施肥对新形成的分枝角度有微调功能。低施肥处理时，白三叶表现“利用策略”；高施肥处理时，植株表现“占居策略”。     

Effects of Competition upon the Productivity of White Clover-Perennial Ryegrass Mixtures. Genetic Analysis

A diallel cross amongst four contrasting white clover varieties was used to provide genetic information on those characters which affect the productivity of white clover-perennial ryegrass mixtures when grown under a cutting-only management regime. Generally speaking those characters recorded on the clover families and in mixtures exhibited highly significant additive and non-ad dative genetic effects, though for1 sortie characters the latter could not be ascribed solely to dominance effects. For two of the clover characters, stolon and leaf number, the genetic picture was radically altered in mixtures by the effects of inter-specific competition Pseudo-genetic effects were also detected for the grass characters, bur it was suggested that the two ryegrass varieties used here were exhibiting phenotypic plasticity. As a group the four intra-varietal crosses performed significantly better than the six intra-varietal crosses for all clover and mixture characters. Only one of the inter-varietal crosses had significantly positive specific combining ability effects for most characters and that was between the two long established varieties ‘S. 184’ and ‘S. 100’. The implications of these results for the breeding of white clover varieties for use in mixtures are briefly discussed.     

Specific and General Adaptation and Yield Stability of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Genotypes

Mean grain yield performance of 12 wheat and one triticale genotypes were measured at four locations over four consecutive years, using a randomized complete block design with four replications. The genotypes used were commercial cultivars and advanced lines from different wheat breeding projects located in different areas in Iran. Two locations were in semiarid regions and the other two locations in the temperate zones. The combined analysis of variance indicated highly significant genotype-environment (GE) interactions. From combinations of locations and years three sets of environments were generated. Set I and set II, each, consisted of eight environments (two locations and four years) representing semiarid and temperature environments, respectively. Set III consisted of 16 environments including both semiarid and temperate conditions. Set I and set II were used to measure specific adaptation of the genotypes while set III was employed for measuring general adaptation. The methods of Eberhart and Russell (1966) were used for partitioning GE interactions. The mean square associated with the heterogeneity of regression was highly significant under all sets of environments. These observations indicated that a major part of GE interaction could be accounted for by differences in the regression of the individual genotypes. All the genotypes had significant regression mean square under set I, set II, and set III environments, with the exception of two genotypes under set II. However, mean yields, regression coefficients, and the mean squares associated with deviation from regression greatly varied over the sets of environments. Only three genotypes, a commercial cultivar and two new advanced line, were identified as having specific adaptation and yield stability to semiarid environments. Among all the genotypes, only a commercial cultivar was identified as adapted and stable to temperate conditions. Two of the three genotypes which were adapted to semiarid environments also showed general adaptation to set III environments. However, the mean yield of these two genotypes under semiarid conditions (set I) were significantly greater than their respective mean yields under set III environments. Thus, wider adaptability was compensated by lower mean yield. The present study indicates that, while a wide range of environments is necessary and recommended for measuring general adaptation reactions and yield stability of various genotypes, one should not ignore the possibility of finding some genotypes with specific adaptation to specific environments and thus maximizing yield production. Stable genotypes with general of specific adaptation should be utilized in breeding projects in order to develop even more desirable lines.     

STUDY ON THE LOG PRODUCTION LINE IN LOG YARD

The article deals with the prduction lines in log yard by investigating the utilizationof machines in forest areas,presents the methods and rules of differentiating the log productionlines and also summarizes the formation and development of three kinds of log production lines innortbeast forest areas of China.It gives different combination types of log production lines andtheir applications, so it is significant for us to evaluate and standardize the log Production lines.     

多浪羊血液蛋白多态性与双羔性能的相关性初探

采用垂直板聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳，对多浪羊产双羔母羊试验组及产单羔母羊对照组群体进行红细胞中血红蛋白（Hb)及乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）多态位点的检测。结果表明：多浪羊多羔母羊试验组与对照组控制2种蛋白不同基因的基因频率有显著差异，其中含有较高频率Hb^B和LDH^A基因的多浪羊，有较高的产双羔性能。     

ABA/GAs调控特异蛋白质与柑桔的抗寒性

选用较抗寒柑桔品种兴津温州蜜柑(Citrus unshiu Marc.)枳砧盆栽苗为材料,研究了人工低温锻炼和外源 ABA喷布处理下其内源 ABA/GAs对抗寒特异蛋白质的调控作用及与抗寒性的关系。两种处理均诱导兴津柑桔苗抗寒力的发育。在抗寒力发育过程中,叶片内源ABA、ABA/GAs在第7天呈一峰状剧增趋势。同时,其基因表达发生改变,第7到21天,新产生了32、25KD两种可溶性特异蛋白质及104、37、30KD3种膜特异蛋白,第14和21天产生17和82、27KD3种膜特异蛋白,它们在17～28℃脱锻炼3天后均消失。作者提出低温、ABA首先诱导ABA/GAs的积累,由ABA/GAs启动特异性板机,最终合成抗寒特异蛋白质,进而提高柑桔之抗寒力;膜特异蛋白质贡献可能更大。     

蝗虫微孢子虫病对东亚飞蝗飞翔能力的影响

采用联机吊飞测试装置，以患有蝗虫微孢子虫病的东亚飞蝗成虫及健康成虫为试虫，进行飞翔能力的比较测定。在18小时测试期间，每头病虫平均飞行864m，健虫为14，279．75m；病虫的平均飞行速度为0．15m／秒，健虫为1．23m／秒；病虫最大持续飞行时间为0．1小时，健虫为6．7小时。结果表明蝗虫微孢子虫病可在很大程度上影响东亚飞蝗成虫的飞翔能力。     

五龙鹅肝和腹脂生长的配合力分析

利用五龙鹅与四川白鹅、皖西白鹅、太湖鹅四个主要白鹅品种,设计包括纯繁在内的15个交配组合,测定了70日龄鹅肝脏重和腹脂重的一般配合力,特殊配合力,正反交效应,纯繁效应和母体效应.70日龄肝重最小二乘均数为五龙鹅63.0 g,四川白鹅82.9 g,皖西白鹅76.5 g,太湖鹅65.1 g.五龙鹅×皖白西鹅的杂交类型在肝重性状上具有2.3 g的特殊配合力,相应的杂种优势率为2.7%.腹脂重性状在六个杂交类型中都没有表现出正向的杂种优势.     

青少年各年龄段生理特点与基本运动的训练方式

依据青少年生理特点，结合１０年中小学体育课教学经验，提出各年龄段有利于智力，身体发展及提高运动能力的基本运动训练方式。     

春小麦若干品质性状配合力及相关性分析

利用4×2不完全双列杂交设计对春小麦若干品质性状配合力及相关性进行了分析。结果表明。SDS—沉淀值的基因作用以加性效应占优势,面筋、蛋白质及限制性氨基酸(赖氨酸、苏氨酸及缬氨酸)含量以非加性效应占优势;沉淀值、面筋值与赖氨酸含量呈显著的负相关,每两种限制性氨基酸含量之间呈极显著的正相关。