核桃播种育苗对比试验

试验通过核桃不同浸种时间、播种深度、播种密度的育苗对比试验,探索出了最适宜的核桃播种育苗方法,试验结果表明采用浸种10d,覆土厚度5cm,播种密度10cm×30cm,出苗率高,缩短育苗周期,增加经济收入,提高经济效益。     

川W565的复小穗性状遗传分析

川W565是一个具有复小穗特性的普通小麦新材料,其复小穗特性遗传性状稳定,可用于超高产小麦育种。本试验选用人工合成小麦Syn83(普通小穗型)与复小穗小麦川W565杂交构建的F2群体,对复小穗性状进行了遗传分析,结果表明,川W565的复小穗性状是由1对隐性基因控制。同时利用SSR标记对复小穗性状进行了初步标记,为下一步复小穗基因的精细定位奠定了基础。     

杀菌剂和生物菌肥混合使用对玉米的影响

玉米播种前用杀菌剂"根复特"和生物菌肥"坤奇尔"混合处理种子,对苗龄满8d幼苗的各项物理和生理指标进行测定,结果表明:该杀菌剂与该生物菌肥混合使用对玉米种子的发芽率和幼苗的生长均有显著的效果.     

Variation in developmental patterns of wild barley (Hordeum spontaneum L.) and cultivated barley (H. vulgare L.)

Summary Six wild barley (Hordeum spontaneum) accessions, from a diverse range of habitats, and two spring-cultivated barleys, were examined for variation in durations of development phases. The durations of the leaf initiation and spikelet initiation phases were longer and spikelet growth phases shorter, in wild than in cultivated barley. Across all wild and cultivated barleys the rate and duration of spikelet initiation were negatively correlated, but neither was related to the number of spikelets per spike. The number of spikelets was positively correlated with the number of leaves and the ratio of the number of spikelets to the number of leaves declined with increasing time to anthesis, indicating that each successive leaf was associated with a diminishing increase in the number of spikelets. The duration of culm elongation and final culm length were shorter in accessions of cultivated barley compared with wild barley. This paper also discusses the feasibility for increasing the number of spikelets per spike through breeding for genetic changes in lengths of pre-anthesis phases of development.Abbreviations ANOVA Analysis of variance - HV Hordeum vulgare - CE Culm elongation - DR Double ridge - HS Hordeum spontaneu - ° Cd Degree days     

Increasing biodiversity of irrigated rice in Africa by interspecific crossing of Oryza glaberrima (Steud.) × O. sativa indica (L.)

The African rice Oryza glaberrima, traditionally cultivated since more than 3.500 years, is of poor agronomic performance but resistant/tolerant to various stresses and diseases. The introduction of these characters into O. sativa cultivars is difficult since crossing barriers cause spikelet sterility in F1. Backcrossing can restore fertility and recently facilitated the development of fertile O. glaberrima × O. sativa ssp. japonica hybrid progenies for rain fed systems. With the objective to gain access to African rice germplasm for improvement of irrigated rice, crosses were performed with eighteen O. glaberrima and twenty O. sativa ssp. indica accessions. In total about one hundred F1-hybrid grains were obtained. The F1 plants were all completely sterile and backcrossing (BC) to O. sativa was performed in order to restore spikelet fertility. Monitoring of Tog5681 × IR64 hybrid progenies under field conditions revealed a broad genetic diversity within the BC₁ and BC₂ populations. Some BC₁ and BC₂ progeny plants outperformed the O. sativa parent, indicating that the heterozygocity level and complementary gene action after two backcrosses are still sufficient to positively influence plant vigor. Spikelet fertility of progenies was highly variable, but almost complete fertility was already observed within the BC₁F₂ population. High spikelet fertility was preserved in one out of two analyzed BC₁F₃ families and inmost of the BC₂F₃ families. The ability to restore spikelet fertility within few generations and the potential of the genetic diversity present in interspecific progenies facilitates the development of plant types specifically designed for the African irrigated and lowland environment. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Chromosomal locations and genetic relationships of tiller and spike characters in wheat

Number of tillers per plant, plant growth habit in seedling and adult stages, and spike and spikelet characters are agronomically important features of the gross morphology of wheat. To localize to wheat chromosomes the genes for these traits, we scored them in a set of wheat recombinant-inbred mapping lines already well genotyped with molecular markers. Quantitative-trait analysis revealed a region near Gli-A2 (Xpsr10) on the short arm of chromosome 6A strongly affecting tiller number and the correlated trait of seedling growth habit. Genes with opposing effects on adult plant type were localized on the short arms of chromosomes2A and 3A, while genes affecting spike development were assigned to several A- and B-genome chromosomes. None of these genes showed synteny with counterpart QTLs reported to affect the same traits in rice. In the chromosome 2D region containing the photoperiod-insensitivity gene Ppd-D1, the major determinant of heading date in these autumn-sown lines, earliness alleles reduced tiller and spikelet numbers and increased erect seedling growth habit, but showed no influence on adult plant type or spike length. Though several of these morphological traits are generally considered to be associated with winter hardiness and their phenotypic intercorrelations were consistent with the genetic mapping evidence, no association was found between newly identified loci and known vernalization-response or frost-resistance loci. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

玉米根系活力TTC测定法的改良

根系活力是研究玉米生长发育时常常需要测定的一项生理指标。本文比较了玉米根系活力TTC测定法的三种提取方法。结果表明，甲醇浸泡法，简便易行，结果准确。     

钼酸钠浸种对花生种子萌芽及幼苗生长的影响

本文研究不同浓度钼酸钠浸种对花生种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响。试验结果表明,一定浓度的钼酸钠溶液浸种,对花生种子萌发具有促进作用,可以提高花生种子的发芽率,促进种子胚根的生长。在花生幼苗生长阶段,它能增加叶片叶绿素含量和可溶性蛋白质含量,提高了过氧化氢酶活性和硝酸还原酶活性。实验结果显示,钼酸钠溶液浸种是促进花生种子萌发和幼苗植株生长的重要措施。