野生山桐子人工造林试验初报

在野生山桐子育苗试验获得成功的基础上,对野生山桐子在不同立地类型造林的成活率、保存率及生长量进行了定量研究,结果表明:在红壤、黄棕壤及潮土上进行造林时,野生山桐子均能成活,但在潮土造林上保存率较低,故山桐子不宜作为其主栽树种。为了提高野生山桐子的造林质量,宜选用2年生壮苗进行人工造林,并需要加强幼林的抚育管理。     

Design of Landscape Ecological Restoration for “Five Mining Areas” of the Laoqing Mountain in the Dianchi Lake Basin

Through analyzing basic conditions of the "five mining areas" in the Laoqing Mountain of the Dianchi Lake Basin, in Kunming City, South China, the ecological restoration design of "integrating engineering protection and biological restoration, building the landscape ecological security pattern of the Laoqing Mountain" was proposed. Considering the different ecological functional areas, varying engineering measures, greening patterns, and irrigation means were selected for the ecological restoration, including site management, vegetation restoration, management and utilization etc.. These ecological restoration measures will produce favorable ecological benefits, and also take landscape effect and sustainable development into consideration, which will contribute to the ecological restoration of the "five mining areas", and provide a scientific and feasible reference for the ecological restoration in China.     

福建柏与香樟不同混交比例造林对比试验结果分析

福建柏与香樟的不同混交比例、不同立地质量等级的造林对比试验结果表明,不同的混交比例,对福建柏、香樟的胸径和单株材积生长以及林分单位面积蓄积均有极显著影响,对福建柏树高生长的影响也达到极显著水平,但对香樟树高生长无明显影响。混交比例与立地质量等级的交互作用明显,应根据不同的立地质量等级选择不同的混交比例,Ⅰ、Ⅱ类地以7柏3樟最好,Ⅲ类地以7樟3柏为佳。     

面向农业移动管理的信息获取技术

基于移动终端、嵌入式GIS和无线通讯等技术,设计了面向田间交互管理的农业移动管理系统技术框架,研究了农田信息无线采集与传输、基于位置的图像获取、GPS虚拟差分数据获取和无线数据传输等技术,开发了农业移动管理系统原型.移动终端具有GPS定位与导航、GPS照相、照片编辑与查看、专题图制作、属性信息查询、农田网格划分等功能.初步应用试验表明,该原型系统可应用于农田移动管理.     

高寒矿区采样位置和生长期及坡向对草本植物根系力学特性影响

以种植于青海刚察木里煤田江仓矿区排土场不同坡向（半阴半阳、阳坡和阴坡）、生长期为1~5 a的垂穗披碱草为研究对象，对该植物根系开展单根拉伸试验，测定其根径、单根抗拉力、抗拉强度、极限拉伸应变率和拉伸模量等力学指标。分别以采样位置、生长期和坡向为自变量，以上述力学指标为响应变量，通过单因素方差分析，探讨各自变量对上述指标的影响。结果表明：在半阴半阳坡和阴坡，各指标在不同取样点未表现出显著性差异，在阳坡，除根径外，其余指标均表现出显著性差异；随生长期增加，各坡向的植物抗拉力、抗拉强度等指标呈增加的变化特征；阳坡植物根径、单根抗拉力大于半阴半阳坡，而其余各指标则表现出相反的变化特征，在半阴半阳边坡，植物根系力学指标大于阴坡。     

Long-term tree survival and diversity of highway tree planting projects

Long-term, multi-decade research on planted tree survival in urban settings is sparse. One understudied urban environment is highway rights-of-way (ROW), lands adjacent to high-speed, unsignalized roadways. We conducted a re-inventory of tree planting cohorts in northern Illinois, U.S. on a 48 km-long highway near Chicago which were 10-, 21-, and 30-years old to evaluate long-term patterns of survival and diversity. Using each randomly selected planting site along the highway as a unit of observation and analysis, we compared the number of trees documented in record drawing to the number of trees currently alive to determine percent survival. We evaluated 224 planting sites which originally contained 2944 trees and collected data about the planting site location. For the oldest cohort, 26% of trees were still alive in 2018 (median survival by species = 16%, Q1 = 0%, Q3 = 48%), while 31% of the 21-year-old cohort (med. = 6%, Q1 = 0%, Q3 = 47%) and 86% of the 10-year-old cohort were still alive (med. = 85%, Q1 = 74%, Q3 = 96%). The survival of the 21- and 30-year-old cohort matches urban tree survival estimates by other researchers, while the 10-year-old survival is higher than expected. The only planting location characteristic that significantly affected survival was traffic islands (areas between the highway and entrance/exit ramps). Species with low drought tolerance were less likely to be alive for the 30-year-old cohort. Waterlogging tolerant species were more likely to be alive in the 10-year-old cohort. Since some species in the 21- and 30-year-old cohorts had very low survival, the tree species richness and diversity s in study areas declined between the initial record drawings and reinventory. This study demonstrates the challenges of maintaining long-term survival and diversity in the highway ROW and emphasizes the importance of species selection.     

Compost addition,but not tillage,affects establishment of urban highway plantings

Establishment of roadside plantings is often limited by adverse site conditions, particularly poor soil physical and chemical properties. We compared plant establishment of shrubs, herbaceous perennials, and grasses in response to addition of compost and/or tillage before planting in replicated plots at two locations along an interstate highway near Detroit, MI, USA. Plots at each location received one of four site preparation treatments: control (no treatment), compost only (top-dressed with 8 cm of municipal compost), tillage only (soil tilled to 20 cm) or compost + tillage (8 cm of compost added and tilled to 20 cm). Within each site preparation plot, we established sub-plots of 16 selections of shrubs, perennials, and ornamental grasses. Compost addition, plant selection, and location affected (P ≤ 0.05) plant survival, height growth, and % plant cover two years after planting. Tillage did not affect (P > 0.05) plant establishment. Similarly, the interaction of tillage × compost was not significant, indicating that surface application of compost was as effective as tilling compost into the soil. Improved plant establishment with the addition of compost was associated with improved soil and plant nutrition and reduced soil pH and soil bulk density. Within each plant group (i.e., shrubs, perennials, grasses) plant establishment varied widely. Overall, the results indicate that compost addition can improve establishment of diverse roadside plantings, which was associated with improved soil fertility. In contrast, tillage provided comparatively little benefit to plant performance in this trial.     

惠州植物园的规划建设

惠州植物园的规划建设贯彻“小而精、小而全”理念，基于建设场地及环境现状，在园区与周边村落交界区，和谐处理村民生活出行与园区景观建设的协调性，并通过分析西湖及周边景区的客流量，科学合理地配套基础设施，解决停车及游览交通等现实需要。惠州植物园注重地域历史文化的传承，因地制宜进行功能分区规划，共建设11个专类园区，利用微地形处理以及建筑和植物的巧妙空间设计，创造丰富的空间层次，进而打造集植物物种保育、生态保护、科普教育、娱乐休闲及人文体验等多种功能于一体的精品景观型植物园。     

石羊河下游不同立地类型黑果枸杞种群结构及数量动态研究

以黑果枸杞为优势种的天然灌木群落是石羊河下游的重要植被建群种之一，为揭示该地区黑果枸杞种群动态变化特征，探索其生态价值，基于对石羊河下游不同生境黑果枸杞天然种群的样地调查，对其年龄结构、静态生命表、动态指数、存活曲线进行了分析研究。结果表明，不同立地类型黑果枸杞种群均表现为新苗和幼龄个体丰富，中老龄个体少；种群在Ⅲ龄级时死亡率最高，种群亏损率与死亡率保持一致。各样地种群动态指数基本为正值，说明黑果枸杞种群整体处于稳定增长的发育状态。盐碱地、覆沙地和砾石地黑果枸杞的存活曲线均接近于Deevey-Ⅲ型，固定/半固定沙地的存活曲线为Deevey-Ⅱ型。不同立地类型黑果枸杞种群的4个生存函数变化除局部有差异外整体趋势较为一致，各样地中黑果枸杞种群累积死亡率F(t)和危险系数λ(t)在Ⅰ龄级向Ⅲ龄级过渡时呈现逐渐增大的趋势，生存率S(t)和死亡密度函数f(t)随龄级呈单调递减的趋势。总体上黑果枸杞种群呈现出前期增长、中期稳定、后期衰退的特征。     

同位素异位体溯源土壤N2O的方法、技术和展望

土壤是N₂O的重要排放来源之一。土壤中N₂O产生途径众多、受多种因素调控，深入分析土壤N₂O产生途径才能采取针对性的减排策略。稳定同位素技术已广泛用于研究土壤N₂O排放，N₂O同位素异位体法是近年来新兴的研究方法。该研究方法通过测定土壤N₂O的同位素组成(δ¹⁵NSPN₂O、δ¹⁸ON₂O和δ¹⁵N^bulkN₂O)分析N₂O排放贡献，因无需添加标记物、对土壤系统干扰小、成本低，适合在野外田间研究N₂O排放，是15N标记方法的有力补充。本文详细介绍了N₂O同位素异位体法的原理、质谱测定方法、定量分析方法、影响该方法的因素及其应用前景。