不同处理对可可种子萌发以及幼苗生长的影响

可可是世界三大饮料作物之一，可可种子为顽拗性种子，含水量低于某一相对高的临界含水量时，其种子就会丧失活力。为探讨可可种子的贮藏方法，研究分析了果实处理方法、温度、时间对可可种子发芽及幼苗生长的影响。结果表明：可可种子经过4℃处理后便丧失了发芽力，室温25℃条件下果壳不破开，放置30 d后可可种子仍有近50%的发芽率；清洗可可种子果肉后短时间放置，可以提升种子的发芽势，并且能促进幼苗前期生长。     

Evaluation of European corn borer Ostrinia nubilalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) larval movement and survival in structured and seed blend refuge plantings

Blending Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) corn and non-Bt corn seeds in the same bag is a convenient and easier compliance solution to satisfy refuge regulations. However, there has been considerable debate and concern about larval movement of the target insects in a seed blend because of its potential effect on the development of resistance. Reported here are studies to determine the larval movement of European corn borers, Ostrinia nubilalis (Hübner), in a seed blend compared to a structured refuge and their effects on survival, feeding injury and larval fitness. Also evaluated is the relative performance of a purple-seeded corn hybrid as a surrogate host plant for tracking gene flow. Seed blend and structured refuge arrangements of Agrisure GT/CB/LL Bt corn expressing Cry1Ab and isoline plants were evaluated at two locations in 2013 and 2014 by manually infesting refuge plants with first and second generation corn borer larvae. The majority of leaf and stalk injury was recorded on the refuge plant, which amounted to 66–83% of the total tunnel length. In both refuge arrangements, plant injury and the number of larvae recovered significantly decreased on neighboring plants with increasing distance away from the refuge plant in the same row. The relative decline in injury was much more pronounced in the seed blend, with neighbor Bt plants experiencing very minor tunneling or no injury at all due to the high dose trait. Eighty-nine percent fewer live larvae were also found on neighbor Bt plants in the seed blend compared to those found in the structured refuge plots. Larvae that moved to Bt plants as well as older instars that were manually placed on Bt plants failed to complete development. Comparison of the number of tunnels and larvae recovered per refuge plant indicated that the seed blend may not produce as many susceptible individuals as those produced in a structured refuge arrangement. Although the purple-seeded hybrid showed lower levels of ear and stalk injury, it could serve as an appropriate surrogate refuge plant to track gene flow.     

馉饳菜生物学特性的研究

麦瓶草幼苗是当地人们喜食的野菜,俗称馉饳菜.本试验对其生长发育性状和种子发芽特性进行了研究,以期为麦瓶草的栽培提供依据.结果表明,麦瓶草种子在低于15℃时播种,可以迅速发芽,在年前形成幼苗,年后为产品形成期,至3月底采收结束.麦瓶草种子寿命较短,为短命种子,只有当年采收的种子才萌发良好,陈种子发芽率极低.种子发芽整齐度高,萌发期3～5 d,光照对发芽过程没有影响,为中光性.     

水势胁迫对2种菊科种子萌发影响的研究

以莴苣和野菊花为材料,研究了用不同浓度(0,25,50,75,100,150,200 g/L)聚乙二醇溶液模拟干旱处理对2种菊科种子萌发的影响.结果表明:莴苣种子和野菊花种子在PEG浓度为0～75 g/L时,种子发芽率随着PEG浓度的上升而增大,PEG浓度为75 g/L时,种子的发芽率最高,莴苣和野菊花的发芽率分别为90.76％和84.50％;在PEG浓度为75～200 g/L时,种子发芽率随着PEG浓度的上升而逐渐降低,且浓度为200 g/L时,发芽率最低,分别为32.87％和3.50％.对萌发过程形态观察后发现,莴苣种子和野菊花种子在去离子水中的发芽过程不同,莴苣种子先进行胚根的发育而野菊花种子先进行子叶的发育.莴苣种子在去离子水和高浓度PEG溶液中发芽过程不同,在去离子水中莴苣种子先进行胚根的发育,而在高浓度PEG溶液中莴苣种子先进行子叶的发育,野菊花不具备此特征,表明莴苣种子在胁迫条件下,可进行一种适应性成长.     

外源ABA对不同品种番茄种子萌发的影响

以3种番茄种子为试验材料，研究了不同浓度ABA（0—40m/L）对番茄种子萌发的影响。结果表明，低浓度ABA（0-5mg／L）对种子的发芽势、发芽率和发芽指数没有显著影响，高浓度ABA（10-40mg／L）极显著抑制种子的发芽势、发芽率和发芽指数，且浓度越高种子萌发受到的抑制作用越强。另外，ABA推迟番茄种子的萌发，浓度越高，萌发延迟天数越多，不同番茄品种（系）对ABA浓度的敏感性不同。     

解除休眠水曲柳种子的再干燥贮藏

以解除休眠的水曲柳种子为材料,研究种子再干燥脱水贮藏的可行性。结果表明:已解除休眠的种子在室温条件下进行再干燥是可行的,干燥处理后种子的萌发率和平均发芽时间没有明显变化;但在5℃条件下再干燥是不可行的,干燥后种子萌发率、发芽指数显著下降,平均发芽时间明显延长。已解除休眠的种子在室温条件下再干燥处理后贮藏16个月内种子的萌发率没有显著变化,但随着贮藏时间的延长种子发芽指数显著下降,平均发芽时间显著延长。已解除休眠水曲柳种子再干燥贮藏后使用KT、GA3和乙烯利处理对种子的萌发都没有明显的促进作用。     

Changes of Morphological Parameter of Wheat Seed Pretreatment by the Biocontrol Agents Bacillus subtilis QM3 during Germination

Bacillus subtilis QM3, a potential biocontrol agent and useful plant-growth-promoting bacteria (PGRB) from yak dung in China with broad-spectrum and strong antifungal bioactivity, was studied to determine if it either stimulated or inhibited the germination of wheat seeds depending on the amount of bacteria. Germination rate (GR) and length of shoot (LS) increased at 10-fold dilution of QM3 fermentation liquid for 12 h (P < 0.05). Germination potentiality (GP) and root cap ration (RC) decreased at 100-fold dilution of QM3 for 0 h. Length of root (LR) and tips of root (TR) at day 7 remained at control levels at 0-fold dilution of fermentation liquid of QM3 for 24 h. The results obtained suggest that some plant diseases, environmental stresses (such as high salt and heavy metal contents), and difficulties in germination can be controlled or relieved by the use of QM3.     

超干种子老化方法比较研究

本试验种用谷子、绿豆，经４０℃及４５℃，湿度ＲＨ＝９５％－１００％老化６天及５天。然后测各含水量的５项活力指标。经生物统计表明：谷子４０℃，４５℃二处理间差异显著，且４０℃高温老化６天时间，在不同含水量的组合上，除含水量０．８５％外，其余二因子组合均优于４５℃老化６天的不同含水量处理，且有０．０１显著差异。绿豆老化温度亦以４０℃较好，种子含水量老化结合谷子和绿豆均以５．８％处理效果最好，二种作物经     

达乌里胡枝子花粉萌发特性研究

为揭示达乌里胡枝子(Lespedeza daurica)花粉的育性并为其花粉活力检测提供一种高效方法,本试验以达乌里胡枝子新鲜花粉为试验材料,采用液体培养基,研究了蔗糖、硼酸、氯化钙浓度、采样时间、温度、光照和培养时间等因素对花粉离体萌发和花粉管生长的影响。试验结果表明：单因素试验中,适宜花粉萌发的培养基配方为20 g·L^-1蔗糖+ 40 mg·L^-1硼酸+ 80 mg·L^-1氯化钙,最佳镜检时间为6 h,最适采样时间为中午12：00,最适培养条件为黑暗条件下25℃,最适贮藏温度为—20℃。本试验表明,达乌里胡枝子花粉总体上活力较高,花粉离体液体培养是一种高效、简单、快捷、可靠的检测方法,但在培养条件的选择上应加以优化。     

天仙子种子浸提液对黑麦草种子萌发和幼苗生长的化感作用

为了探究天仙子（Hyoscyamus niger L.）对禾本科牧草的化感作用,以天仙子和黑麦草（Lolium perenne L.）为材料,通过5个不同浓度天仙子种子浸提液（0,0.025,0.05,0.075,0.1 g·mL^-1）,对黑麦草种子萌发和幼苗生长进行处理,测定黑麦草种子萌发和幼苗生长情况。结果表明：不同浓度的天仙子种子浸提液对黑麦草种子萌发有极显著影响（P<0.01）,随浸提液浓度增加,黑麦草萌发率和发芽指数显著降低（P<0.05）;浸提液对黑麦草根长和地上、地下生物量有显著的影响（P<0.05）,对株高影响不显著;不同浓度的天仙子种子浸提液处理下,黑麦草幼苗丙二醛、脯氨酸含量、相对电导率均随浸提液浓度的增加而增加,叶片中叶绿素含量则随浸提液浓度的增大而减小。综上所述,天仙子种子浸提液对黑麦草幼苗细胞膜具有一定的损伤作用,黑麦草植株通过细胞膜的变化而影响内部生理生化过程,以适应不利的环境。