乳业废水脱磷效率提升实践

乳业废水通常需要化学脱磷才能满足总磷排放的要求。在乳业实际运行过程中存在着污泥产生量大,脱磷药剂耗量高,排水总磷不稳定等问题。通过将需要脱磷的污泥输入好氧系统进行循环,具有操作简单、药剂消耗下降、降低污泥量、排水总磷稳定、不影响好氧系统运行等优点,使得运行费用及排放稳定性得到显著促进和提升,值得推广。     

Growth and nutrition of Holcus lanatus in bauxite residue amended with combinations of spent mushroom compost and gypsum

Bauxite residues are very slow to naturally vegetate due to nutrient deficiency and high sodicity. In order to test the effectiveness of amendments at promoting revegetation, bauxite residue was amended with varying rates of compost to increase fertility (0, 60, 80 and 120 t ha⁻¹) and gypsum to reduce sodicity (0, 40 and 90 t ha⁻¹). Amended residue was sown with Holcus lanatus, a perennial grass. Following a 1‐year growth period, substrate properties, plant performance and plant nutrient uptake were assessed. Compost application substantially increased substrate N, P, K and Mn concentrations, while gypsum application greatly reduced sodicity and improved nutrient uptake for Mn and P. Compost amendment was essential for sustainable plant growth. Foliar deficiencies in N, P and Mg may persist with lower compost application rates, requiring the addition of supplemental fertiliser for healthy plant growth. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

聚苯胺在LiFePO4/C正极中的双重功能

锂离子电池(LIB)中正极活性材料的导电率σ都很低, 要减小正极的极化程度, 增大活性材料的比充、放电容量和充、放电电流密度, 最有效方法之一是选用高导电率的导电剂, 与粘结剂混合在一起在正极中组成良好的导电网络. 测试结果表明:聚苯胺(PAn)的导电率(σPAn=18.39 S/cm)大于正极中常用导电剂乙炔黑(AB)的导电率(σAB=7.77 S/cm). 以PAn作为正极活性材料, 不添加其他导电剂, 对其进行恒电流充、放电试验(电流密度I=15 mA/g)时, 其第3循环的比放电容量D3=60.8 mAh/g，充、放电效率η3=94.56 %, 试验结果表明: PAn在正极中兼有导电剂和活性材料的功能. 以LiFePO4/C含碳复合材料作为正极活性材料, 以PAn替代AB作为导电剂进行了恒电流充、放电试验, 在电流密度为15 mA/g,30 mA/g，45 mA/g，60 mA/g，75 mA/g，90 mA/g和120 mA/g时，LiFePO4/C的比充、放电容量都增加了, 表明正极的极化程度减小了. 正极在经过较大电流密度(120 mA/g)充、放电后, 再以小电流密度(15 mA/g)进行充、放电时, 比充、放电容量几乎没有变化, 表明经大电流(120 mA/g)充、放电后LiFePO4/C的贮锂结构没有变化.