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71.
为了研究抑制无效分蘖对不同基因型水稻根系特征及养分吸收积累的影响,以培杂泰丰和粤晶丝苗为材料(分别记为P和Y),通过设计不同的栽插孔穴直径(栽插孔径分别为20,28,35 mm,依次记为D1、D2、D3)限制水稻的无效分蘖,试验采用水培法。结果表明:与D1、D3相比,D2显著提高了水稻培杂泰丰和粤晶丝苗的穗粒数和产量;在幼穗分化期,D2处理水稻培杂泰丰和粤晶丝苗根系根长、根表面积、根系体积以及根尖数和分叉数均明显高于D1处理;D2与D3处理培杂泰丰水稻抽穗期茎鞘P、K含量显著高于D1处理;D2处理抽穗期的钾素积累总量显著高于D1、D3处理;D3处理水稻粤晶丝苗幼穗分化期、抽穗期的氮素积累总量、磷素积累总量和钾素积累总量均显著高于D1处理。相关分析结果也表明,水稻齐穗期的总根长与氮素积累总量和钾素积累总量存在显著的正相关关系,根系的表面积和总体积与氮素、磷素和钾素积累总量均存在显著或极显著的正相关关系,而且,根系的平均直径与磷素积累总量和钾素积累总量也显著正相关。  相似文献   
72.
太湖流域粳稻两类群体种子活力性状有利等位变异的发掘   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
王洋  郭媛  洪德林 《作物学报》2010,36(5):754-763
发掘粳稻种子活力性状的优异等位变异和携带优异等位变异的载体材料可为培育适于直播的高活力粳稻品种提供遗传信息和育种材料。以太湖流域粳稻94个品种构成的自然群体和粳稻品种秀水79与粳稻恢复系C堡衍生的247个重组自交家系(RIL)群体为试验材料,利用斜板发芽法发芽,调查生长7d的幼苗根长、苗高和干重3个种子活力性状,采用Tassel软件中的GLM方法和Win QTL Cartographer2.5软件中的CIM方法进行种子活力性状的QTL分析,发掘有利等位变异和相应载体品种。结果表明:(1)在太湖流域粳稻自然群体中共检测到11个与种子活力性状相关联的SSR标记位点,共发掘出42个控制种子活力性状的优异等位变异,其中控制根长的17个,控制苗高的13个,控制幼苗干重的12个。携带种子活力性状优异等位变异且效应值较大的载体材料有滇屯502选早、扬稻6号、开青、籼恢429和C堡等。(2)在RIL群体中共检测到9个与种子活力性状相关的QTL,其中2个控制根长,4个控制苗高,3个控制幼苗干重。除控制幼苗干重的qDW-2a的有利等位变异RM525-143bp来自秀水79以外,其余8个位点的有利等位变异均来自C堡。(3)两类群体均在第1染色体上检测到与根长关联的SSR标记位点,均在第2、第8和第11染色体上检测到与苗高关联的位点,均在第2染色体上检测到与幼苗干重关联的位点,且在自然群体中检测到优于和多于家系群体的等位变异。  相似文献   
73.
本研究将通过低温(3 ℃~5 °C)干燥处理花椰菜完全开放的花和不同大小的蕾,利用花粉活力测定、花粉萌发观察和杂交结籽率检测等手段分析了低温保存对其花粉活力及授粉效果的影响.研究结果表明,当天开放花的花粉活力和萌发率最高,分别达到91.3%和45.6%,授粉效果也最好,每角果平均可收获11.3粒种子.3 °~5 ℃干燥...  相似文献   
74.
In recent years, an increased number of mature paper birch (Betula papyrifera Marsh.) and heart-leafed paper birch (B. papyrifera var. cordifolia (Regel) Fern.) in northeastern United States forests have exhibited decline symptoms including foliar loss, reduced fine branching, and tree mortality. We assessed crown health, radial growth, and available soil cations in 2006 as a preliminary assessment of factors that may be influencing paper birch decline. Tree rings began to decrease in width in 1998—the year of a severe region-wide ice storm. All trees (regardless of their current decline status) experienced reduced growth starting in 1998 and tree growth continued to decrease for two years following the ice storm. After this generalized growth decrease, trees that now have vigorous crowns showed a marked increase in growth, whereas trees that now have low crown vigor did not rebound in growth, but instead exhibited a significantly higher incidence of locally absent annual rings. Extractable soil-aluminum (Al), a phytotoxic element mobilized by acid deposition, was significantly higher in soils associated with declining trees compared to those adjacent to vigorous trees. Higher soil calcium (Ca) availability was associated with both vigorous crowns and increased radial growth following the 1998 ice storm. Furthermore, increased soil Ca availability was negatively correlated to the percentage of declining trees, and positively related to increased radial growth, whereas elevation was not significantly associated with either parameter. Although previously overlooked as a factor influencing paper birch recovery from injury, we found that available soil Ca was linked to crown vigor and rebounds in growth following an inciting event.  相似文献   
75.
Heiskanen  Juha 《New Forests》2004,27(2):101-114
Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) is shade-tolerant and sensitive to high irradiance, summer frosts and winter desiccation, which can impair its reforestation success. In this study, artificial pre- and post-planting shading was examined to determine their effects on post-planting shoot and root growth as well as the vigor of one- and two-year-old Norway spruce seedlings. Three planting experiments were carried out on open nursery fields (Exp. 1, 2) and on a mounded forest clearcut in central Finland (Exp. 3). Before planting, the seedlings were stored over winter either in a freezer or on open fields under snow cover. For two weeks prior to planting, half of the seedlings were placed in the open and the other half under a horizontal shade netting (light transmittance 56 %) (Exp. 1, 2). All seedlings were planted with or without a vertical post-planting shade, which was located on the southern side. Post-planting shading enhanced shoot growth and reduced damage (better visual vigor and needle color and less pine-weevil damage) on Norway spruce seedlings for at least two years after planting (Exp. 2, 3). Those seedlings, that had been stored over winter in the open and kept in shade prior to planting seemed to benefit most from post-planting shading (Exp. 2). However, post-planting shading may give variable results, depending on the seedling quality and weather conditions after planting, and may even reduce shoot growth if no pre-planting shading is used (Exp. 1). Shoot growth may also be improved at the expense of root growth (Exp. 3). The costs of manufacturing and installing post-planting shades may limit their use in practice, for example, to selected regeneration sites where there is high risk of frost damage but where no alternative silvicultural procedure (shelterwood or nurse crop) has been used.  相似文献   
76.
Norway spruce (Picea abies) trees infected by Heterobasidion annosum s.l. decrease their periodic increment after a long period of time. Periodic increment decrease hypothetically relates to the formation of a reaction zone in order to prevent fungal colonisation. We studied 11 stands in Sweden, where we compared the periodic increment of healthy, rotten- and H. annosum-infected trees growing on plots thinned in winter, unthinned or thinned in summer, with and without urea or P. gigantea treatment of the stumps. Based on the rot incidence and the population structure of H. annosum of the plots, two phases of infection were considered: > 13 years and < 13 years. The presence of reaction zone and decay was observed on wood cores extracted with an increment borer. Rotten and H. annosum-infected trees with reaction zones exhibited a lower periodic increment than healthy trees (13.0% and 12.5% losses in terms of diameter, respectively), while no differences were observed between healthy trees and rotten and H. annosum-infected trees without reaction zone. Our results support the hypothesis of a periodic increment decrease in individual trees due to photosynthate re-allocation resulting from decay compartmentalization. Periodic increment decrease was only evident in trees that had been infected for more than 13 years. Trees in urea-treated plots registered a higher periodic increment, suggesting a possible response of trees to the nitrogen addition of the urea treatment of the stumps.  相似文献   
77.
不同硬实程度的刺槐种子活力差异性研究   总被引:12,自引:1,他引:12  
以始温 80℃水浸种 1~ 4d吸胀的刺槐种子视为不同硬实程度的种子T1 、T2 、T3及T4 ,与第 4天仍未吸胀的刺槐硬实种子 (记作Tr)为试材对其种子活力差异性进行研究。结果表明 :随着硬实程度的提高 ,即Tr>T4 >T3>T2 >T1 ,种子的发芽势、发芽指数、活力指数、呼吸速率呈上升趋势 ;而电导率呈下降趋势。通过测定人工逆境 (盐胁迫、低温、人工老化 )处理种子的SOD酶活性和MDA含量 ,发现硬实种子具有较高的抗逆性 ,且其抗逆性随硬实程度的增高而增强 ,进一步证实了硬实种子具有较高的活力水平。指出硬实种子在生产上具有潜在的应用价值  相似文献   
78.
本文通过对四川、重庆两地所管辖区域的天燃气输气管线上24个树种及其根系的调查,并对其109个不同深度的探坑数据的统计分析认为:输气管的埋地深度大于100cm,植物根系对其影响较小;深度在100cm内时,影响较大。植物距管线越近,其影响危害越大。不同土壤的埋地深度的影响为沙土>壤土>粘土。  相似文献   
79.

This study demonstrates the correlation between stem form and compression wood content in 36 sampled trees from a 6-yr-old container grown Scots pine ( Pinus sylvestris L.) plantation in central Sweden. Root analyses were carried out to examine causes for the high incidences of basal sweep. On the sampled trees basal sweep, stem sweep and maximum bow-height were measured. Discs were cut at different heights and the compression wood content was analysed using digital image analysis. Pith eccentricity and out-of-roundness were calculated for each disc as well as per stem. Compression wood and pith eccentricity was most pronounced near the stem base, where sweep tends to be high. In general, pith eccentricity increased with degree of basal sweep. As a conclusion, expression of basal sweep can be used to predict compression wood content in young Scots pine trees. This study also shows the importance of anchoring of a tree to prevent basal sweep formation due to instability.  相似文献   
80.
在日光温室内利用地下滴灌栽培韭菜试验,结果表明,由于地下滴灌是通过埋于作物根系活动层的灌水管带定时定量地为作物供水,改变了水分在土壤中的运移方式,与对照相比,地下滴灌耕层土壤有机质含量增加13.71%~30.08%,土壤容重降低11.2%~12.4%,耕层土壤孔隙度增加12.2%~13.9%,给根系创造了良好的生长环境,促进根系向深层土壤生长,10~15cm、15~20cm长的根占总根量的比率增加12.5%、2.9%,0~5cm土层内韭菜根干重占所有土层根干重比率降低30.2%,5~10cm、10~15cm、15~20cm土层内分别增加19.9%、8.5%、1.8%。  相似文献   
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