Development of Insect-Resistant Hybrid Rice by Introgressing the Bt Gene from Bt Rice Huahui 1 into 11-32A/B,a Widely Used Cytogenic Male Sterile System

Huahui 1 is an elite transgenic male sterile restorer line of wild rice abortive-type that expresses a Bacillus thuringiensis （Bt） δ-endotoxin and provides effective and economic control oflepidopteran insects. To exploit Huahui 1 to develop a new Bt rice, the insertion site of the Bt gene was determined by thermal asymmetric interlaced PCR （TAIL-PCR）. Bt was located in the promoter region ofLOC. Os10g10360, approximately 5.35 Mb from the telomere of the short arm of chromosome 10. For the first time, a Bt cytoplasmic male sterile （CMS） system was developed by introgressing Bt from Huahui 1. The recipient CMS system used consisted of Indonesia paddy rice-type II-32B （maintainer line） and II-32A （male sterile line）. Marker-assisted selection was used to increase selection efficiency in the backcrossing program. In BC5F1, the Bt plant 85015-8 was selected for further analyses, as it had the highest SSR marker homozygosity. In addition, the linkage drag of the foreign Bt gene in 85015-8 was minimized to 8.01-11.46 Mb. The foreign Bt gene was then delivered from 85015-8 into II-32A. The resultant Bt II-32A and Bt II-32B lines were both resistant to lepidopteran in field trials, and agronomic traits were not disturbed. The maintainability of II-32B, and the male sterility and general combining ability of II-32A, were not affected by the Bt introgression. This study demonstrates a simple and fast approach to develop Bt hybrid rice.     

陆海种间杂种回交转育配子选择效应研究

利用有腺体陆地棉（Ｇ．ｈｉｒｓｕｔｕｍ）品系石７ｌｌ和Ｈ２３７为母本与显性无腺体海岛棉（Ｇ．ｂａｒｂａｄｅｎｓｅ）品系海１杂交，以轮回亲本陆地棉作父本或母本与无腺体株回支４次。结果发现：①以陆地棉作回支母本，效果好。株高趋向亲本的速度快，铃大，衣分高，霜前花多，特别是产量大幅度提高，各世代表现趋势一致。这可能是对父本配子选择作用的结果。②组合１（石７１１×海１）转育三至四代产量和品质基本符合要求。组合Ⅱ（Ｈ２３７Ｘ海１）与组合Ｉ的趋势一致。因此，在棉花陆海杂种回交育种中，用轮回亲本陆地棉作母本，杂种为父本优于用轮回亲本陆地棉作父本的传统做法。     

陆地棉×辣根棉后代主要性状的遗传变异

对陆地棉×辣根棉后代主要性状的遗传变异及回交效应进行研究 ,结果表明 :该组合杂种利用陆地棉回交三次 ,育性恢复正常 ;可育后代性状遗传变异丰富。随着回交世代增加 ,产量及其构成因素不断得到改良 ,单铃重的增加是主要的 ,其次是单株结铃数和衣分提高。并从分离世代中获得部分绒长在 31 mm左右 ,比强在 2 5～ 2 7c N· tex- 1之间 ,以及被红铃虫为害的子害率在 5 %以下的材料。     

Effective Transfer of Cytoplasmic Male Sterility from Radish (Raphanus sativus L.) to Rape (Brassiest napus L.)1)

One of the CMS systems presently investigated by rape breeders is the alloplasmic system derived from a male sterile radish and transferred to rape. However, these male sterile lines of rape with the radish cytoplasm exhibit yellow leaf colour at low temperatures. Moreover, no restorer genes for this system are known to occur in rape. The present investigation was, therefore, directed to the formation of new cross combinations between radish and rape in order to eliminate the above mentioned problems by additional transfer of corresponding radish genes into the rape recipient. After the initial intergeneric crosses, male sterile hybrids were received by in-vitro embryo culture and colchicine treatment. These hybrids were not backcrossed to rape as usual, but to one of the monogenomic ancestral species of rape, in order to increase the probability of allosyndesis between radish and rape chromosomes. After subsequent back-crossing with rape, the desired male sterile plants with 38 chromosomes were recorded, forming normal green leaves even at low temperatures. In a parallel backcross programme, restorer genes from male fertile radish were also transferred into rape by the same backcrossing procedure. The first alloplasmic male fertile plants were found in the BC: generation. They were cross pollinated to male sterile plants to prove their potential of fertility restoration.     

The transfer of triazine resistance from Brassica napus L. to B. oleracea L. III. First backcross to parental species

Summary Atrazine resistant Brassica napus × B. oleracea F₁ hybrids were backcrossed to both parental species. The backcrosses to B. napus produced seeds in both directions but results were much better when the F₁ hybrid was the pollen parent. Backcrosses to B. oleracea failed completely but BC₁s were rescued by embryo culture both from a tetraploid hybrid (2n = 4x = 37; A₁C₁CC) and sesquidiploid hybrids (2n = 3x = 8; A₁C₁C). Progeny of crosses between the tetraploid hybrid and B. oleracea had between 25 and 28 chromosomes. That of crosses between the sesquidiploid hybrid and B. oleracea had between 21 and 27. A few plants that had chromosome counts outside the expected range may have originated from either diploid parthenogenesis, unreduced gametes or spontaneous chromosome doubling during in vitro culture. Pollen stainability of the BC₁s ranged from 0% to 91.5%. All the BC₁s to B. oleracea were resistant to atrazine.     

Genetic dissection of seed storability using two different populations with a same parent rice cultivar N22

Seed storability in rice (Oryza sativa L.) is an important agronomic trait. Two segregating populations with N22 (indica) as a common parent, viz. a set of 122 backcross-inbred lines (BILs) derived from the backcross Nanjing35 (japonica)/N22//Nanjing35 and another population comprising 189 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) from the cross of USSR5 (japonica) and N22, were studied to detect quantitative trait loci (QTL) controlling seed storability. Germination percentage (GP) was used to evaluate seed storability after aging treated under three different conditions, viz. natural, artificial and combined aging treatments. A total of seven QTLs were identified on chromosomes 1, 2, 5, 6 and 9. Among them, a major QTL, qSSn-9, was common in the two populations. In contrast, four QTLs (qSSnj-2-1, qSSn-2-2, qSSn-5 and qSSn-6) were detected in BILs and the QTL qSSn-1 was identified in RILs, which was a new QTL for seed storability. The N22-derived alleles increased the seed storability at all the loci except qSSnj-2-1. We also investigated the effect of QTLs using five selected lines with high storability from BILs and verified qSSn-5 with a near-isogenic line (NIL). These results provide an opportunity for pyramiding or map-based cloning major QTLs for seed storability in rice.     

The degree of similarity of backcross lines of Triticum aestivum cultivars manitou and neepawa with Aegilops speltoides accessions as donors

Summary The degree of similarity of a BC line with its recurrent parent is not related to the presence of expressions for morphological characters originating from the donor like purple coleoptile, purple anther and waxy leaf. BC lines derived from one donor do not resemble each other more than they do other BC lines. The absence of characters conditioned by dominant or co-dominant genes may be caused by the presence of inhibitor genes.     

转筒内D型二元颗粒物料滚落模式的径向分离

针对D型二元颗粒物料在转筒内的分离问题,以粘土颗粒和木制颗粒组成的物料为对象,采用离散单元法模拟了滚落运动模式下物料在转筒内的运动与分离过程。通过颗粒接触数定义物料混合指数,并结合Hong的渗流与凝聚竞争理论定量分析了物料的径向分离。结果表明:滚落运动模式下物料在转筒截面上分为平流层与活动层两部分,颗粒之间的分离运动发生在活动层;颗粒密度差异引起凝聚作用,使木制颗粒向转筒内壁分散而粘土颗粒向中心聚集,物料形成"月亮模式"分离形态;通过配置2种颗粒的半径可引入渗流机理,当渗流作用与凝聚作用相互平衡时,可避免物料发生径向分离;渗流机理的引入不受转筒尺寸的影响。     

滚动轴承摩擦副表面损伤的检测与诊断系统

以频谱分析为理论基础，以动态测试为手段，采用数字信号处理技术提取滚动轴承摩擦副表面损伤的特征信息，通过时域和频域分析，即可判别各摩擦副（外环、内环、滚动体）表面的损伤状况，从而实现了对滚动轴承摩擦副表面损伤故障的检测与诊断，该系统具有良好的人机界面，全部汉字显示菜单，使用方便；系统采用结构化模块设计，每一功能由独立的模块完成，经改进和功能扩展，可推广到其他振动信号的采集和分析中。     

台试轮胎滚动阻力模型应用研究

为解决利用底盘测功机对汽车动力性评价时，因轮胎滚动阻力在滚筒上损耗功率未知，造成评价结果失准的问题，论文基于双滚筒上轮胎滚动阻力与速度、胎压、轴荷及底盘测功机滚简直径和间距之间的关系，建立了汽车动力性检测模型。通过试验验证，利用该模型可提高汽车动力性的检测精度。