乌岩岭自然保护区的虫草研究

该文对乌岩岭自然保护区的7种虫草类真菌(蝉花、细脚棒束孢、鲜红虫草、发丝线虫草、长座线虫草、小蝉草、蜂头线虫草)进行调查,并对几种虫草及其无性型进行讨论,为乌岩岭自然保护区虫草的进一步开发利用提供依据。     

沙坡头国家级自然保护区荒漠植被关键群落的最小面积与物种多样性

以处于腾格里沙漠东南缘的沙坡头国家级自然保护区干旱荒漠生态系统的植被关键群落为研究对象,采用“种-面积曲线”的方法确定关键群落最小面积,并在此基础上使用α多样性指数表征物种多样性.共选取4种饱和曲线模型进行拟合,研究结果表明对荒漠植被群落而言,S=c/（1 ＋ae-bA）和S=c-ae-bA模型具有更好的拟合优度和更高的准确性.当比例因子ρ取0.6、0.7、0.8时,群落最小面积分别为18 m2、24 m2、32 m2,可满足包括总群落的60％、70％、80％的植物种类的中等精度要求;当比例因子ρ取0.9时,群落最小面积为45 m2,可满足包括总群落的90％的植物种类的高等精度要求.该区域物种多样性并不十分复杂,灌木层的生态学地位极其显著,发挥着不可替代的作用,群落的稳定性和生态功能也主要由灌木层中的优势种决定.     

基于RS和GIS的2010年南瓮河自然保护区景观格局分析

利用2010年Landsat TM遥感影像作为基本信息源,在RS和GIS技术的支持下,建立空间数据库,制作出南瓮河自然保护区景观格局分布图。研究区内包括7种景观类型：草本沼泽、灌丛沼泽、森林沼泽、永久性河流、道路、森林、沼泽化草甸。结果表明：各景观类型所占比例差异较大,森林和草本沼泽两种景观类型占主导优势,占所有景观类型面积比例高达93.52%;景观的破碎化指数较高,影响景观格局的主要因素是火灾,道路的修建也影响了区域景观格局,加大了景观的破碎化程度。     

辽宁努鲁儿虎山自然保护区维管植物资源调查初报

通过对辽宁努鲁儿虎山国家级自然保护区维管植物资源进行的全面调查,结果表明：努鲁儿虎山自然保护区共有维管植物97科412属1 006种（变种、亚种和变型）,国家重点野生保护植物4种,中国珍稀濒危保护植物7种,辽宁濒危保护植物13种。     

RS和GIS支持的南瓮河自然保护区景观变化驱动力研究

利用2000年和2010年遥感影像作为基本信息源,在RS和GIS技术的支持下,并结合地面资料对南瓮河保护区景观空间格局的变化情况及其驱动力进行了分析。结果表明：2000—2010年,南瓮河自然保护区景观类型没有明显变化,主要以森林和草本沼泽为主;森林沼泽和道路呈增加趋势,而沼泽化草甸、灌丛沼泽、永久性河流变化较小,呈现缓慢的减少趋势,森林群落呈现退化的趋势;景观异质性在增大,破碎化程度在提高;森林采伐和道路修建等人为干扰是景观格局时空演变的驱动力之一,火灾引发的森林及沼泽湿地大面积过火是湿地干扰的主要因素。     

陕西牛背梁自然保护区蕨类植物区系研究

据调查统计,牛背梁自然保护区共有蕨类植物23科45属82种。保护区蕨类植物区系基本特征是:种类较丰富,优势类群明显;地理成分多样,温带性质显著。     

浙江凤阳山-百山祖国家级自然保护区植物群落ALPHA多样性特征

采用样方调查法对浙江凤阳山--百山祖国家级自然保护区内的45个样地的物种组成、alpha多样性进行分析。结果表明：各样地乔、灌、草3个层次的Shannon-Wiener指数（H）、Simpson指数（D）和Pielous均匀度指数（Jsw）以五岭坑保护站的米槠（Castanopsis carlesii）、毛锥（Castanopsis fordii）林最高,茶木淤保护站的金钱松（Pseudolarix amabilis）林样地最低;各植物群落类型乔木层的物种丰富度以常绿阔叶林最高;灌木层以针阔叶混交林的物种数最多,草甸样地的灌木物种数最少;草本层则以竹林物种数最为丰富;乔木层各群落的 H和D均以常绿阔叶林最高;灌木层的H以针阔叶混交林最高,草本层中各植物群落类型的H、D、Jsw均以竹林最高;在百山祖自然保护区中,常绿阔叶林可以维持较高的木本植物物种多样性,而竹林出现明显纯林化现象,应加以控制。     

南岭国家级自然保护区典型区域森林景观格局分析

在3S技术和Fragstats 4.0支持下,运用景观生态学原理,通过多种指数,从类型水平和景观水平上对南岭国家级自然保护区乳阳片区的森林景观斑块进行了较为全面的分析。结果表明:常绿阔叶林是乳阳片区的基质景观类型,斑块类型面积为19 759.53hm2,占整个森林景观的64.43%;景观要素斑块类型面积大小排序为常绿阔叶林﹥针叶林﹥落叶阔叶混交林﹥针阔混交林﹥采伐迹地﹥山顶阔叶矮林﹥山地草甸﹥道路﹥建设用地﹥水域﹥耕地;整体景观斑块彼此相邻近,各级景观斑块分布均匀、规模适中、形态自然、破碎程度低。     

Conservation planning with dynamic threats: The role of spatial design and priority setting for species’ persistence

Conservation actions frequently need to be scheduled because both funding and implementation capacity are limited. Two approaches to scheduling are possible. Maximizing gain (MaxGain) which attempts to maximize representation with protected areas, or minimizing loss (MinLoss) which attempts to minimize total loss both inside and outside protected areas. Conservation planners also choose between setting priorities based solely on biodiversity pattern and considering surrogates for biodiversity processes such as connectivity. We address both biodiversity processes and habitat loss in a scheduling framework by comparing four different prioritization strategies defined by MaxGain and MinLoss applied to biodiversity patterns and processes to solve the dynamic area selection problem with variable area cost. We compared each strategy by estimating predicted species’ occurrences within a landscape after 20 years of incremental reservation and loss of habitat. By incorporating species-specific responses to fragmentation, we found that you could improve the performance of conservation strategies. MinLoss was the best approach for conserving both biodiversity pattern and process. However, due to the spatial autocorrelation of habitat loss, reserves selected with this approach tended to become more isolated through time; losing up to 40% of occurrences of edge-sensitive species. Additionally, because of the positive correlation between threats and land cost, reserve networks designed with this approach contained smaller and fewer reserves compared with networks designed with a MaxGain approach. We suggest a possible way to account for the negative effect of fragmentation by considering both local and neighbourhood vulnerability to habitat loss.     

The effects of including marine ecological values in terrestrial reserve planning for a forest-nesting seabird

Theoretical advances in systematic reserve design aim to promote the efficient use of limited conservation resources and to increase the likelihood that reserve networks enhance the persistence of valued species and ecosystems. However, these methods have rarely been applied to species that rely on spatially disjunct habitats. We used the marbled murrelet, a seabird that requires old-growth forest in which to nest and high quality marine habitats in which to forage, as a case study to explore methods of incorporating multiple ecological values into single species spatial reserve design. Specifically, we used the cost function in MARXAN to include the ecological value of marine habitats while identifying spatial solutions for terrestrial nesting habitat reserves. Including marine values influenced terrestrial reserve designs most when terrestrial habitat targets were low and little or none of the target was represented in pre-existing protected areas. Our results suggest that including marine values in the planning process will influence marbled murrelet terrestrial reserve designs most where substantial terrestrial nesting habitat still exists, where new reserves are relatively unconstrained by pre-existing reserves, or when conservation resources only allow the protection of a small fraction of available habitat. This paper presents a novel framework for incorporating multiple measures of ecological value in the spatial reserve design process and should be particularly useful for species that rely on multiple habitats during their life cycle.