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John D. Armstrong Karen J. Millidine Neil B. Metcalfe 《Ecology of Freshwater Fish》2011,20(3):371-376
Abstract – Standard metabolic rate (SMR, closely related to basal and resting metabolism) varies by up to threefold among juvenile Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., of similar size at common temperature. Here, consequences of this variation are predicted by combining empirically derived relationships between SMR, specific dynamic action, energy budgets, water velocity, food level in the environment and food availability to fish. The range of velocities across which growth is predicted to occur is inversely related to a fish’s SMR. Growth is positively related to SMR at high but negatively related to it at low‐food levels. The relationship between food level and the range of velocities over which lower SMR fish can grow but higher SMR fish cannot is asymmetrically bi‐phasic and peaked. It is predicted that maternal manipulation of offspring SMR would generate fitness benefits through bet‐hedging against unpredictability in food level and increases in the overall range of velocities that the family of offspring can occupy and thrive in. 相似文献
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谷子秸秆剪切力与其饲料营养特性变化规律及相互关系 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
为探究谷子秸秆力学性质与其饲料特性的变化规律及相互关系,选用谷物完熟期的谷子秸秆,将其分为5段(近根部、中下部、中部、中上部、上部)并每隔7 d进行秸秆节间、茎节力学性质(剪切、压缩)和饲料特性(形态指标、营养成分)测定。试验结果表明:谷物完熟后,随着时间的推进,秸秆节间、茎节剪切力、抗压强度、干物质含量、纤维素含量、半纤维素含量和木质素含量总体上呈增大趋势,而秸秆含水率、当量直径、横截面积、线性密度和粗蛋白含量总体上呈减小趋势。谷子秸秆单位直径剪切力与含水率和线性密度呈负相关关系(R2≥0.903),与其干物质、纤维素、半纤维素和木质素含量呈正相关关系(R2≥0.845),与其粗蛋白含量无显著相关关系(P>0.05)。采收期内,谷子秸秆基部起秸秆剪切力至顶部逐渐增大,且剪切力与当量直径、横截面积呈正相关关系(R2≥0.916)。试验表明谷子秸秆饲料特性指标验证试验值与预测值相对误差不大于6.48%,预测模型合理。测量秸秆剪切力可用于预测其形态指标参数和营养成分含量,进而一定程度地反映秸秆饲用价值和反刍动物择食趋向。采收期内,谷子中部及以上秸秆单位直径剪切力显著小于其近根部(P<0.05),更适合饲用;且谷物完熟后,及时采收可避免秸秆饲用价值降低。该研究可为高效利用谷子秸秆资源提供参考。 相似文献
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[Object] To setup the hyperspectral sensing models for estimating SPAD value of cotton leaves under waterlogging stress. [Method] Irrigation and drainage controllable plots were introduced to simulate the waterlogging stress treatment in the flowering and boll forming stage, during which the change characteristics of the cotton leaf spectral reflectance and SPAD value were observed after 1 d, 3 d, 6 d, 9 d waterlogging, respectively. To find out the hyperspectral sensing models for estimating SPAD value of cotton leaves under waterlogging stress, the correlation and regression relationships between SPAD value and spectrum parameters were analyzed. [Result] (1) The SPAD value of the fourth cotton leaf from the top was significantly lower than control when suffers from waterlogging for 3 d, when waterlogged 9 d the SPAD value decreased by around 15% compared with the control. (2) The cotton suffering from waterlogged damage in the flowering and boll forming stage caused the reflection peak in green light wave band became steep, while the near infrared spectral reflectance increased, and caused the reduction of red absorption and red edge position "blue shifts", the red edge position drifts towards short wave with 4~5 nm when suffers from waterlogging for 9 d. With increase of the waterlogged days, the red edge slope and red edge area increased with a maximum value at 6 d of waterlogging, meanwhile, the skewness and kurtosis of red edge increased. (3) After waterlogging, the SPAD value of the fourth cotton leaf from the top (chlorophyll content) had a remarkable correlation with red edge slope(Dr), red edge position(λr), green peak reflection(Rg), green peak position(λg), red well position(λo), blue edge area(SDb), yellow edge skewness(Sy), yellow edge kurtosis(Ky), red edge skewness(Sr), red edge kurtosis(Kr), etc. An experience linear, polynomial and exponential models for estimating SPAD value had been built through using the Sy, Sr, Kr as independent variables, respectively, their determination coefficient (R2) were greater than 0.9, and the root mean square error (RMSE) were less than 1; and an experience binary linear regression equation for estimating SPAD value had been built through multivariate regression using the λg, SDr/SDb(VI3), Sb, Sy, Ky as independent variables, the R2 was as high as 0.973, and the RMSE was 0.393. [Conclusion] The model can be remote sensing model used as estimating leaf SPAD of cotton value under waterlogging stress. 相似文献
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太行红石榴喜光、耐旱、怕涝、怕寒冷,适宜在pH值在4.5~8.2之间的砾质或沙质壤土中栽植。文章介绍了石榴树的栽培养护技术,包括扦插育苗、移栽定植、幼树期管理、结果期管理等。 相似文献
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随着消费需求函数形式的不断丰富和复杂化,形成多种消费需求模型,广泛应用于食品需求结构分析,农产品进出口贸易等研究领域.论文通过对消费需求模型理论研究进行梳理,通过理论假设和理论约束的分析,梳理出应用较广的消费需求模型的主要类型的理论依据和数理分析逻辑,以及模型应用过程中面临的问题和各自的优、缺点.研究结论将有助于加深对消费需求模型理论与实证应用的理解,为有关消费需求的研究提供可选择的研究方法和研究依据. 相似文献
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Dense planting and less basal nitrogen (N) fertilization have been recommended to further increase rice (Oryza sativa L.) grain yield and N use efficiency (NUE), respectively. The objective of this study was to evaluate the integrative impacts of dense planting with reduced basal N application (DR) on rice yield, NUE and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Field experiments with one conventional sparse planting (CK) and four treatments of dense planting (increased seedlings per hill) with less basal N application were conducted in northeast China from 2012 to 2013. In addition, a two-factor experiment was conducted to isolate the effect of planting density and basal N rate on CH4 emission in 2013. Our results show that an increase in planting density by about 50% with a correspondingly reduction in basal N rate by about 30% (DR1 and DR2) enhanced NUE by 14.3–50.6% and rice grain yield by 0.5–7.4% over CK. Meanwhile, DR1 and DR2 reduced GWP by 6.4–12.6% and yield-scaled GWP by 7.0–17.0% over CK. According to the two-factor experiment, soil CH4 production and oxidation and CH4 emission were not affected by planting density. However, reduced basal N rate decreased CH4 emission due to it significantly reduced soil CH4 production with a smaller reduction in soil CH4 oxidation. The above results indicate that moderate dense planting with less basal N application might be an environment friendly mode for rice cropping for high yield and NUE with less GHG emissions. 相似文献
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[目的]研究"早稻-冬草莓"轮作模式最佳种植期.[方法]根据双流县气象局1971 ~ 2010年气象资料,采用滑移气候相似距及数理统计方法,对"早稻-冬草莓"轮作模式最佳种植期进行分析.[结果]冬草莓最佳种植期在8月1日~翌年3月31日,其小苗移栽最早在7月中旬,最晚在8月中旬,最佳移栽时期平均在8月19日.早稻移栽时间平均为3月26日,拟收获期平均为7月26日.[结论]从气象角度研究了"早稻-冬草莓"轮作模式最佳种植期,为双流县推广该模式,最大限度地发挥光、温、水、土地的生态效益提供了科学的决策依据. 相似文献