10个引进亚麻品种在云南的纤维产量和品质分析

报道2003年至2004年10个引进亚麻品种在云南省8个试验点的纤维产量和品质测定结果。3个国外品种的长麻率、总麻率、纤维产量明显高于国内品种;方差分析显示,不同地点间、不同品种间纤维产量差异显著。10个亚麻品种的平均分裂度变幅为344~407公支,平均断裂强力变幅为200~248 N,平均可挠度介于49.6~56.6 mm;同一品质指标在不同试点的变幅较大。方差分析结果表明,正麻品种间的纤维品质差异不显著,地点间的纤维品质差异显著。     

限量供水对亚麻水分利用及产量的影响

底墒较差年份进行播前限量供水,可显著促进亚麻的苗期生长,其效果远优于生长期限量供水。供水水平的不同,引起植株生理过程发生变化,从而造成作物的产量差异。     

Methane fluxes from three ecosystems in tropical peatland of Sarawak, Malaysia

Methane fluxes were measured monthly over a year from tropical peatland of Sarawak, Malaysia using a closed-chamber technique. The CH₄ fluxes in forest ecosystem ranged from −4.53 to 8.40 μg C m⁻² h⁻¹, in the oil palm ecosystem from −32.78 to 4.17 μg C m⁻² h⁻¹ and in the sago ecosystem from −7.44 to 102.06 μg C m⁻² h⁻¹. A regression tree approach showed that CH₄ fluxes in each ecosystem were related to different underlying environmental factors. They were relative humidity for forest and water table for both sago and oil palm ecosystems. On an annual basis, both forest and sago were CH₄ source with an emission of 18.34 mg C m⁻² yr⁻¹ for forest and 180 mg C m⁻² yr⁻¹ for sago. Only oil palm ecosystem was a CH₄ sink with an uptake rate of −15.14 mg C m⁻² yr⁻¹. These results suggest that different dominant underlying environmental factors among the studied ecosystems affected the exchange of CH₄ between tropical peatland and the atmosphere.     

Impacts of chronic marine oil pollution and the murre hunt in Newfoundland on thick-billed murre Uria lomvia populations in the eastern Canadian Arctic

We developed a deterministic and stochastic age-based matrix projection population model to assess and quantify the impact of mortality caused by chronic oil pollution and legal hunting on thick-billed murre Uria lomvia populations breeding and wintering in eastern Canada. We calculate the potential population growth rate in the absence of anthropogenic mortality sources using a modeling technique that translates absolute number of birds killed from anthropogenic mortality to potential survival rates in the absence of these anthropogenic impacts. The intrinsic growth rate of the deterministic matrix based on vital rates from Coats Island (λ_d=1.0102), as well as the stochastic growth rate (λ_s=1.0098, 95% C.I. 0.9969-1.0226), matched observed population trends. Hunting mortality reduced population growth rate by 0.020 (0.012-0.039), oiling mortality reduced population growth rate by 0.025 (0.012-0.039). Combined these sources reduced the population growth rate by 0.047 (0.033-0.610). Although thick-billed murre populations are stable or slowly growing in eastern Canada, anthropogenic sources of mortality are reducing the ability of the population to grow, and increase vulnerability in these populations to changes in their environment and other pulse perturbations. Our modeling technique could be used to assess specific anthropogenic impacts on populations where a vital rates and numbers killed are known, but no long-term trend information is available.     

Combined microbial community level and single species biosensor responses to monitor recovery of oil polluted soil

Understanding the effects of oil contamination on the composition and function of soil microbiota entails investigation of the effects of a mixture of hydrocarbons at the community level in a complex environmental matrix. One approach to this difficult problem is to ally a community-level fingerprinting approach with bioassays that have a physiological or functional implication. Two contrasting refined oils (paraffin and motor oil) were used to contaminate soil microcosms, and a simulated bioremediation treatment with nutrient-addition was applied. The indigenous microorganisms were monitored over 103 d using complementary community-level techniques (carbon source physiological profiling using Biolog^® microplates, and phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) profiling). Changes in the toxicity of the applied oils were monitored using luminescent bacterial bioassays, including Vibrio fischeri and a hydrocarbon-degrading Pseudomonas putida strain. Distinct shifts in microbial community structure and C source utilization profiles were observed as a result of oil contamination. There was some evidence that bioremediated soils were returning to control values by the end of the experiment. This was supported by the bioassay results which showed an initial increase in toxicity as a result of the oil addition which had then decreased by the conclusion of the experiment. The two oils exhibited markedly different toxicity towards the bioassay organisms, with species-specific differences in response. This oil-specific difference was also found in the PLFA profiles which showed the two oil types selected different microbial communities.     

国外优良亚麻种质资源的初步筛选

对从国外引进的74份亚麻种质资源进行农艺性状、产量性状、抗倒伏性等方面的观测和评价,筛选出早熟资源2份,单株纤维产量高的资源6份,单株种子产量高的资源3份,长势好的资源7份,可作为育种材料和经进一步试验后供生产上使用。     

亚麻品种白粉病田间抗病性分析

调查出宾川县15个亚麻品种田间白粉病的始发期、盛发期和衰退期,以及发病最重时期、恢复生长期和恢复生长率。15个品种田间抗病性差异显著,没有免疫(I)品种,高抗(HR)品种1个、中抗(MR)品种2个、中感(MS)品种2个、感病(S)品种6个、高感病(HS)品种4个。分析出高抗(HR)和中抗(MR)的双亚7号和黑亚11号、范妮,这3个品种发病较迟、抗病性强、成株率高、综合经济性状好、优质原茎比例大、综合产值高。     

油用向日葵新葵19号恢复系654R的选育及利用

[目的]研究油用向日葵恢复系的选育方法。[方法]在现有技术中向日葵恢复系的选择过程比较漫长且结果不明确的情况下,为了改变从杂种一代F1以后连续自交的作法,在早代就开始进行测定其配合力,有目的的选择,方向比较明确,提高选择效率,创造新的优异资源。[结果]选育出油用向日葵新葵19号恢复系654R,该恢复系植株性状好、抗病性好、抗逆性强、配合力高、杂种优势强。[结论]该研究提供了一种油用向日葵恢复系新的选育方法,并对654R进行利用。     

包装材料对食用油储藏的影响

采用3种不同的包装形式进行食用油储藏,考察不同包装材料对食用油储藏指标的影响.试验得出,在50℃干燥箱贮藏过程中,不同包装材料灌装的大豆油油样指标变化程度由低到高依次为:玻璃瓶装、PET装、软包装复合食品袋装.可以看出,玻璃瓶对油样的贮藏效果最好.为保持食用油品质,可加入限量的抗氧化剂来弥补包装材料的差异.     

富碳条件下蛋白核小球藻的生长及其对油脂的积累

[目的]研究富碳条件下蛋白核小球藻的生长及其对油脂的积累.[方法]通过外加乙酸钠的方法形成小球藻生长的富碳环境,研究小球藻在富碳条件下的生长及其对油脂的积累.[结果]外加一定量的乙酸钠能明显促进蛋白核小球藻的生长(P＜0.01),显著提高小球藻中的油脂含量(P＜0.01).[结论]该研究可为小球藻的应用开发及富营养化废水的净化利用提供参考.