东北地区拟胸须夜蛾属1新记录种的记述（鳞翅目、夜蛾科、长须夜蛾亚科）

东北地区拟胸须夜蛾属发现1新记录种：条拟胸须夜蛾（Bertula spacoalis）;且列出东北地区包含拟胸须夜蛾的2种检索表,及其形态特征和分布。     

Lowland rainforest avifauna and human disturbance: persistence of primary forest birds in selectively logged forests and mixed-rural habitats of southern Peninsular Malaysia

We compared the composition and structure of primary forest avifauna among primary forests, selectively logged forests and mixed-rural areas (e.g. villages and agricultural areas) of Peninsular Malaysia. We found that forests that were selectively logged at least 30 years ago contained only 73-75% of the 159 species of extant primary forest birds, with an increased proportion of dominant species. We estimated that only 28-32% of the primary forest species utilized the mixed-rural habitat, and that the number of species that bred in the agricultural landscapes might be even lower. The microhabitat of different species most affected their vulnerability to disturbance. Most small, arboreal frugivores and omnivores, and insectivores that fed from tree trunks, showed greater persistence in the mixed-rural habitat than ground dwelling bird species, which were affected most by disturbance. Resource abundance and variables that were closely related to forest disturbance such as the density of large trees, density of dead trees, canopy cover density and shrub volume influenced the distribution of the primary forest birds. Large primary forest reserves and a revision of short-cycle logging regimes (ca. 30 years) are needed if we are to conserve the lowland rainforest avifauna of Peninsular Malaysia and other parts of Southeast Asia.     

The effects of extreme forest fragmentation on the bird community of Singapore Island

Singapore Island suffered one of the highest known deforestation rates in the tropics from the mid-to-late 19th century when over 95% of its native lowland forest was cleared. We compared the current bird community structure and composition among three habitat types, i.e., old (>50 years, 7-935 ha) and young (?50 years, 29-49 ha) naturally regenerating secondary forests and abandoned wooded plantations (27-102 ha) dominated by exotic species. Forest patch area had the strongest influence on the current species richness. The overall bird richness was not greater in most mature forest patches, but 20 species were only found in the old secondary forests and five of these were found in <50% of these patches. The rapid decrease in the number of forest species in plantations was offset by an increase in the number of open habitat species. Comparisons with current bird communities in nearby mainland forest sites (Peninsular Malaysia) suggest that the forest avifauna of Singapore is depauperate. The preservation of larger mature and maturing forests is therefore required for conserving the extant forest avifauna in Singapore. Connecting isolated patches can also be envisioned to facilitate movements of forest birds that have low densities and restricted distribution.     

中国东北地区中长期畜禽粪尿资源与污染潜势估算

规模化畜牧业、农牧分离等引起了一系列问题，尤其是饲养方式改变后，畜禽粪尿养分的循环和处理最值得关注。该文利用统计资料和文献数据，估算了东北三省畜禽粪尿产生量及其中的氮磷养分和COD含量，在此基础上评价和预测了2002～2020年畜禽粪尿资源及其环境风险。结果表明，2003年辽宁省、吉林省、黑龙江省畜禽粪尿耕地承载量分别为24、20、11 t/hm²，耕地畜禽粪尿承载量在空间上分布极不平衡。2003年，辽宁省、吉林省、黑龙江省禽粪尿排泄物进入水体的COD数量占畜禽粪尿、工业、生活排放COD总量的52％、65％、40％。预测表明，2010年、2020年畜禽养殖业对东北三省环境污染的风险将进一步扩大。因此，需要制定相应的政策法规来控制畜禽粪尿污染。     

An analysis of wet deposition of sulfate using a trajectory model for East Asia

A long-range transport model for East Asia was developed to estimate the wet deposition of sulfate. The model is a trajectory type which is appropriate for long-term analysis. Trajectories of air masses are calculated by tracing the wind field which changes spatially and temporally. The processes of reactions, rainout removal, intake of sulfate in cloud water into rain water, and dry and wet depositions are considered. It is possible to calculate the concentration of sulfate in precipitation at a receptor by performing material balance in a grid box containing the receptor.The results obtained by the long-range transport model were evaluated through comparison with observation data of acidic deposition. The observation was conducted at 21 stations throughout Japan for one year. The calculated amount of wet deposition of sulfate in Japan was 0.22Tg/y in S equivalent, while the observed amount was 0.29Tg/y. The long-range transport model can predict almost 80% of observed wet deposition. The contributions of domestic anthropogenic sources and volcanic eruption to wet deposition of sulfate in Japan were estimated using the longrange transport model. The ratio of the deposition of sulfate due to Japanese anthropogenic sources to that due to the Asian continental sources was about 1 to 2. Since air stream from the direction of the Asian continent dominates during winter, the contribution of Japan to wet deposition in the region which faces the Sea of Japan amounted to less than 15%. The contribution of the sulfur oxides from volcanoes was about 20%.     

中国东北地区落叶松球果花蝇研究进展

落叶松球果花蝇是中国东北地区落叶松球果种子的重要害早。国内对这一种团的种类的组成，生物学特性，防治及测报做了大量研究工作。目前，在东北地区落叶松球果内已知有７种：黑胸球果花蝇，贝加尔球果花蝇，稀球果花蝇，斯氏球果花蝇，落叶松球果花蝇，黄尾球果花蝇，方氏球果花蝇。     

南美白对虾对东北碱性水域的适应性研究

以虾塘水添加天然碱泡水为实验用水,通过室内急性毒性实验法,研究水环境碱度和pH对淡化南美白对虾幼虾的毒性效应;并对幼虾进行天然碱性水域生存能力实验,以期探讨东北地区碱性水域养殖南美白对虾的可能性。结果表明,水环境pH为7.33~7.41、盐度3.62‰~3.56‰时,碱度对幼虾毒性效应的24hEC50值为2.78mmol/L。水环境pH为7.41~7.62、盐度3.56‰~3.45‰时,碱度对幼虾毒性效应的24h、48h及96hLC50值分别为12.94、11.89及11.65mmol/L,SC值为3.10mmol/L。水环境盐度在3.87‰~6.07‰条件下,碱度为5.37~19.71mmol/L时,pH对幼虾毒性效应的24h、48hLpH50值分别为9.26~8.54和9.14~8.47;碱度在5.37~14.66mmol/L时,pH对幼虾的24h、48h、72h及96hLpH50值分别为9.26~8.98、9.14~8.86、9.10~8.80和9.00~8.80。水环境碱度分别为5.37、10.72、14.66及19.71mmol/L时,幼虾的SpH值分别为8.42、8.23、8.14和7.85。当水环境碱度在25.33~36.42mmol/L时,碱度和pH已先于盐度限制幼虾生存。幼虾在碱度为38.78mmol/L、盐度3.29‰、pH9.41的天然碱性水域可生存5~9h。幼虾对碱度和pH的适应能力不如鲢、鳙、草鱼等淡水鱼类,尚无法适应东北地区高碱度、高pH的碱性水域。     

东北产水龙骨科植物孢子形态的研究

本文对分布在我国东北三省及内蒙古自治区的水龙骨科3属4个常见种植物的孢子形态,在光学显微镜和扫描电子显微镜下进行了观察和比较。在观察水龙骨科3属植物孢子中,乌苏里瓦韦[Lepisorus ussuriensis (Regel et Maack)Ching]东北多足蕨(Polypodium vignianum)和华北石韦[Pyrrosia davidii(Bak.)]为单裂缝类型孢子。有柄石韦[Pyrrosia petiolosa(Christ et Bar.)Ching]的孢子,除普遍为单裂缝类型处,还出现了少数三裂缝袍子。孢子具周壁或不具周壁,在扫描电镜下,孢子外壁表面具有瘤状、波浪状、纯刺状三种纹饰类型。     

东北山地灌丛鸟类多样性

对东北地区的松江、天岗和左家自然保护区内山地灌丛鸟类多样性的研究结果表明,3块样地中共有鸟类17种,其中,松江13种,天岗10种,左家11种,共有种7种。鸟种的多样性(2．1743-2．4135)、均匀度(0．9306- 0．944 3)、捕食多样性(4．3079-5．6692)、叶子高度多样性(0．5803-0．673 8)都基本相似。外貌覆盖度多样性左家最高;外貌覆盖度维数天岗最高(3．356 5)。