CCPM型区域阴极防腐智能在线监控系统的研制

介绍了一种CCPM型区域阴极防腐智能在线监控系统,该系统的远程数据采集选用ADAM-4000模块,各模块与主监控机之间的数据传输通过RS-485总线完成,信号传输距离大于1 200 m,具有汉化操作界面、图形显示等功能.利用该系统,用户可以在线监测油田储罐的整体防腐效果,以提高储罐的使用寿命.     

美洲斑潜蝇监测与治理

通过 1997～ 1999年 3年的调查、普查和定点采用黄板诱蝇、蛹盘集蛹、采叶查叶等方法进行监测 ,掌握了美洲斑潜蝇发生消长规律 ,并根据春、秋季和冬季大棚为害特点 ,研究出对美洲斑潜蝇各环节的治理对策和农业防治、物理防治、适期化防等综合防治措施     

卫星遥感在森林病虫害监测上的研究进展

总结了近20年来卫星遥感技术在森林病虫害监测领域的研究进展,并概括了遥感监测模型的主要应用形式,指出了目前卫星遥感监测森林病虫害工作的局限性,展望了其应用前景。目的在于为卫星遥感监测森林病虫害工作提供一种有益的启示。     

Uncertainty and adaptive management for biodiversity conservation

Adaptive management of natural resources is widely supported, but in biodiversity conservation there have been few practical applications of the approach in its entirety. Some of the contributions to this special publication examine progress in the implementation of adaptive approaches into conservation policy, while others explore novel theoretical and modeling approaches that seek to accommodate the complexities of real-world applications. Several of the papers address the treatment of uncertainty in adaptive management through innovative approaches to experimentation and monitoring, use and characterisation of expert knowledge and reconciliation of differences of opinion about parameters or systems. Drawing on these contributions, we discuss the major impediments to implementing adaptive management, why adaptive management has been slow to be implemented and how this can be redressed.     

Community-based conservation results in the recovery of reef fish spawning aggregations in the Coral Triangle

In the Coral Triangle community-based marine protected areas (MPAs) are being established at a prolific rate. Their establishment can benefit both fisheries and biodiversity, and they provide both a socially and economically acceptable means of managing coral reefs in developing nations. However, because such MPAs are typically small (usually <0.5 km²), they will rarely provide protection to large mobile fishes. An exception to this limitation may exist when community-based MPAs are established to protect small sites where vital processes occur, such as fish spawning aggregations (FSAs). To test the effectiveness of small (0.1–0.2 km²) MPAs for protecting FSAs, we monitored three FSA sites where brown-marbled grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus), camouflage grouper (Epinephelus polyphekadion) and squaretail coralgrouper (Plectropomus areolatus) aggregate to spawn. Sites were monitored during peak reproductive periods (several days prior to each new moon) between January 2005 and November 2009. All three sites are located in New Ireland Province, Papua New Guinea, and had been exploited for decades, but in 2004 two sites were protected by the establishment of community-based MPAs. The third site continued to be exploited. Over the monitoring period densities of E. fuscoguttatus and E. polyphekadion increased at both MPAs, but not at the site that remained open to fishing. At one MPA the densities of E. polyphekadion increased tenfold. Our findings demonstrate that community-based MPAs that are appropriately designed and adequately enforced can lead to the recovery of populations of vulnerable species that aggregate to spawn.     

青海高原牧区雪灾逐级判识模型

降水、气温、风速是形成积雪的气象因子,由于承灾体（畜牧业生产）的脆弱性,积雪在一定程度上对畜牧业产生不利影响,但是某地区的自然、社会条件和人为活动作为孕灾环境能使这种不利影响加强或者发生转变,减轻或者加剧雪灾造成的损失.本文应用灾害学的理论和观点,对灾害形成的致灾因子、孕灾环境和承灾体等要素分层分析,明确各影响因子的作用及其相互关系.由此建立从降水、积雪、成灾到灾情评价的逐级判识模型,在地理信息背景数据库的支持下,从产生降水之后进行动态监测,并对不同地区的雪灾发展趋势做动态预测,最后实施灾情评估.经实际检验,该模型具有业务应用潜力.     

低空捕虫网在稻飞虱监测预警中的应用

于2010 ～2013年研究低空捕虫网在稻飞虱监测预警中的应用效果.结果表明,低空捕虫网对灰飞虱、白背飞虱、褐飞虱3种稻田飞虱都有捕获效果,对迁入飞虱种群的捕集效果较差,对本地羽化的飞虱捕集效果较好,特别是对灰飞虱,低空网捕集量大,峰次多,虫峰较诱虫灯明显,且不受风雨、电源等因素影响,虫情信息可靠,虫种比较单纯,容易分种计数,网捕灰飞虱成虫峰与田间虫峰有明显相关,验证了灰飞虱从小麦田向秧田扩散的对应关系.低空网对灰飞虱预测有较好的应用价值,但对白背飞虱和褐飞虱的迁入预警作用不明显.     

水库移民后期扶持监测评估工作实践和思考

后期扶持监测评估工作是贯彻国务院17号文件的一项基础性工作,是掌握后期扶持政策实施情况的重要手段.结合后期扶持监测评估工作具体实践,对工作开展中存在的问题进行了思考和探索,有针对性地提出改进建议,对提高监测评估工作效率和成果质量有一定的促进作用.     

中国农作物长势遥感监测研究综述

农作物长势监测的目的是为早期估产提供依据,同时为田间管理提供及时的信息。笔者总结了中国农作物长势监测的研究进展、研究方法,指出用于长势监测的遥感数据空间分辨率较低,常用的监测指标具有局限性,监测精度有待提高。“3S”技术的集成发展,进一步实现一体化应用于该领域仍是今后的发展方向。随着农作物长势运行化监测系统的进一步完善,对田间管理的诊断需求会日益加剧,因此作物长势的诊断将成为今后的研究重点。