关于农机安全监理机构改革的几点思考

随着事业单位改革的不断深入、依法行政要求的不断提高,农机安全监理机构作为履行农机安全生产行政职能的事业单位,如何通过深化改革,既确保机构和人员的稳定,又满足安全生产的要求,维护广大农民机手的切身利益,已成为农机系统广大干部职工十分关心的事情.本文从农机安全监理机构的职能、特点、改革趋向、依照公务员管理必要性阐述对农机安全监理机构改革的一些看法.     

Introduction of Irrigation Service Fee (ISF) in Indonesia: Institutional development in action for resources management

The inability to properly maintain irrigation systems over time forced the Government of Indonesia (GOI) to seek cost recovery from water users through introduction of an irrigation service fee. The plan is to introduce this fee in all of the technical irrigation systems of Indonesia, covering about 4 million hectares, over a 12 year period. Design and Introduction of this service fee in 4 pilot areas of the 4 major rice producing provinces (West, Central and East Java, and South Sulawesi) during 1989–1991 has shown that users are willing to pay. Results of first ISF collection from over 11,000 farmers in Central and East Java in pilot systems was an encouraging 95%. However that acceptance to pay by users depends on their structured and systematic involvement in defining systems needs. They need to understand a differentiation in payment if service levels are different. They appreciate use of collected funds in the system where collected. They understand the organization of water users associations but this requires their active role in fee determination and collection. They understand the establishment of federations of these associations. ISF requires also active involvement of Local Government officials as facilitators and intermediaries between service receivers (the water users) and service providers (personnel of the Public Works irrigation department) in the introduction period. This article describes the experience of the first 21 months of the ISF project, the concept developed, the principles used as basis for ISF, the introduction at the field level, issues related to acceptance by users and by the institutions involved, and the first results.Abbreviations/Acronyms DGWRD Directorate General of Water Resources Development (Ministry of Public Works) - EOM Efficient Operation and Maintenance - Gabungan group of WUAs - IPAIR Indonesian abbreviation for ISF - ISF Irrigation Service Fee - Juru gate keeper - PBB land tax on irrigated lands - PPL agricultural field extension agent - P3A Indonesian abbreviation for Water Users Associations - PU Indonesian abbreviation for Public Works - SM Special Maintenance - WUA Water Users Associations     

家庭经营条件下农机作业组织模式的选择

文章运用新制度经济学的制度变迁理论，分析了现阶段，在家庭经营的条件下，我国新型农机作业组织产生的原因，并运用交易成本理论对各种农机作业组织形式进行分析比较，指出各种组织形式的优缺点及适用范围，为各地选择适合的农机作业组织形式提供帮助，为在家庭经营条件下实现农业机械化提供道路选择。     

株洲农民专业合作组织经营效率评价

目前，株洲农民专业合作组织的发展仍然不能适应农业市场化发展的要求。如何辨识阻碍农民专业合作组织发展的主要因素及其对农民专业合作组织发展的影响，使农民专业合作组织提高资源配置效率，有效规避市场风险，最大化自身产出和收益，已成为一个亟待解决的研究课题。文章基于DEA方法对株洲农民专业合作组织进行了相关研究。     

台湾农产品“希望广场”的考察与启示

为提高我国农产品流通的效率,寻求防止农产品价格大起大落现象的办法,作者于今年五月赴台北农产品＂希望广场＂进行了考察。本文介绍了＂希望广场＂的组建历史、运营模式及绩效、得到的支持及其作用机制等,归纳了对大陆农民组织和农产品流通体系的政策启示。作者认为,农产品直销市场在农产品流通中发挥着显著的作用,对提高消费者福利和增加农民收入有很大帮助,加强农产品直销市场建设刻不容缓。应该将农业市场化建立在农民组织的载体之上,充分发挥农民合作组织在农产品流通中的作用。     

农民专业合作组织对宁夏农产品品牌推广的作用

总结了宁夏农民专业合作组织的发展现状,并从农民专业合作组织对宁夏农产品的质量保证、品牌创新、市场拓展等方面论述了农民专业合作组织对宁夏农产品品牌推广的促进作用。     

大学图书馆信息部门“营销导向型”组织的建立

信息服务工作是大学图书馆的核心工作,打破传统的因人设岗,建立＂营销导向型＂信息部门,对于提升大学图书馆的信息服务工作具有重要意义。     

犬瘟热病毒F蛋白分子生物学研究进展

犬瘟热病毒融合蛋白是囊膜糖蛋白,是产生中和抗体的主要保护性抗原,结构相对保守。融合蛋白介导病毒囊膜和细胞膜融合,决定病毒在宿主体内扩散的能力,在病毒的致病性及免疫原性上具有重要作用。因此,对犬瘟热融合蛋白基因及其蛋白的结构和功能进行研究具有重要的意义。本文从蛋白结构、蛋白功能、核酸序列比对等多方面对融合蛋白进行了阐述。     

The first survey and molecular identification of Entamoeba spp. in farm animals on Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau of China

Protozoans of Entamoeba spp. are globally distributed zoonotic parasites that infect diverse animal hosts and humans. Prevalence and species/genotypes distribution of Entamoeba spp. in domestic animals are not fully investigated on Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau (QTP), an animal husbandry and agriculture region of China. In a survey, 528 fecal samples were collected from 7 species of domestic animals on multiple locations across QTP region and analyzed by PCR and sequencing analysis. The overall prevalence of Entamoeba spp. infection in all examined animals was 97.9 %. Four Entamoeba species, E. bovis, E. moshkovskii, E. ecuadoriensis and E. histolytica were found, and majority (94.2 %) of Entamoeba-infected animals harbored E. bovis. Six Entamoeba genotypes, Entamoeba ribosomal lineages (RL) 1, 2, 3, 4, 8 and 9 were identified by sequencing analysis. Two zoonotic species, E. moshkovskii and E. histolytica, were present in horses, while E. ecuadoriensis and E. bovis were found in horses and all species of seven farm animals, respectively. It was also observed that six Entamoeba genotypes were distributed in animals in specific pattern. The results revealed high prevalence of Entamoeba spp. infection in livestock, broad range of hosts as well as diversity and species/genotype distribution of Entamoeba spp. in farm animals inhabiting on the high altitude QTP region.     

革命根据地农业生产互助组织考察

以大量原始史料为基础,对中国共产党在特定形势下发起的农业生产互助运动进行了研究,考察了这一时期革命根据地农业生产互助组织的组织特征、运行机制和绩效。