水稻高产、优质和氮高效协同的氮素调控研究

以超级粳稻‘新稻18号’为试验材料,大田条件下,研究不同施氮量(0、232.5、255.0、277.5、300.0、322.5和345.0kg/hm2纯氮水平)对水稻产量、品质及氮肥吸收利用效率的影响,以明确高产、优质和氮高效协同的适宜氮素水平。结果表明,随氮素水平提高,水稻产量、稻米品质和氮肥吸收利用效率均呈先增后降趋势。施氮量为255.0kg/hm2纯氮处理下,产量最高为9 878.11kg/hm2,稻米的糙米率、精米率和整精米率较高,分别为84.81%、72.85%和66.94%,垩白粒率和垩白度较低,分别10.00%和2.86%,氮肥吸收利用效率较高,为41.34%。低氮肥和高氮肥处理,产量、品质和氮肥利用效率相对较低。说明,在适宜的氮肥水平下,水稻高产、优质和氮高效可达到协同一致。     

安徽省域耕地等别变化调查与质量建设对策

该文总结了安徽省域耕地等别分布现状、与上轮成果对比分析,分析了规律与原因,进而提出了定期更新耕地质量分等成果、完善耕地质量监管机制等方面的耕地质量建设对策,以期未来的耕地质量建设与管理更利于"双保"战略的落实。     

复混型植物生长调节剂对骏枣光合特性及品质构成因素的影响

为了研究复混型植物生长调节剂对骏枣光合特性和品质构成因素的影响,选用4年生密植骏枣为对象,以5-ALA、GA3和CPPU为材料进行复配7个配方,调查分析其在盛花初期喷施后对果实发育过程中光合特性以及品质特征的影响.结果表明:①5 μg/g5-ALA+ 10 μg/gGA3+ 15 μg/gCPPU较GA3显著提高叶片净光合速率和水分利用率.②5 μg/g5-ALA+ 10 μg/gGA3+ 15 μg/gCPPU和20μg/g 5-ALA处理的产量分别较对照提高了38.00％和43.85％;降低了总糖和总酸的含量,但糖酸比分别较对照提高了19.13％和19.31％.故在枣树盛花初期间隔7d喷施2次5μg/g,5-ALA+10 μg/gGA3+ 15 μg/gCPPU或20μg/g5-ALA均有增加产量和改善果实品质的作用.     

Level and Timing of Nitrogen Fertilizer Application to Early and Semi-early Potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.) Grown with Irrigation on Light Soils in Norway

Trials were performed with early and semi-early potatoes to test the effects of nitrogen (N) fertilizer level (0-160 kg N ha^-1) and timing (all at planting versus half then and half either soon after emergence or 3 weeks later). All seven trials with earlies were irrigated as required, whilst different irrigation regimes (moderate versus intensive) were compared in two trials with semi-earlies. No benefit was derived from splitting the N application. Haulm growth and N uptake increased in all cases almost linearly up to the highest N level, but tuber yield did not respond in the same way. The optimum N level was 80 kg N ha^-1 for a yield of 15 Mg ha^-1, rising to 120 kg N ha^-1 for a yield of 40 Mg ha^-1. Tuber quality was lowered by the use of excess N fertilizer, particularly in the case of earlies. The quantity of mineralised N present in the soil after harvest rose sharply with above optimum fertilizer use, and the amount of N present in crop residues also increased. The likely leaching after early potatoes was estimated to be up to 80 kg N ha^-1. The proportion of fertilizer N which was not accounted for in either tuber yield, crop residues or mineral N in soil was 26% in earlies and 38% in semi-earlies.     

The Influence of Organic and Integrated Production on Nutritional,Sensory and Agricultural Aspects of Vegetable Raw Materials for Food Production

In a six-year crop rotation trial organically and integrated grown vegetables were produced according to current good agricultural practices, taking quality and quantity aspects into consideration. The raw materials assessed focussed on materials used for industrial food production. Nutritional, sensory and agricultural aspects were evaluated. Carrot, cabbage, onion, pea and potato are possible to grow organically for industrial purposes. Depending on crop, the yield was lower (65-90%) for organically grown compared to integrated grown. Cultivation of organic spinach and dill turned out to be difficult due to problems with weed and discoloration. The chemical analyses included pesticide residues, nitrate, glycoalkaloid, dry matter, vitamin C and 25 different minerals and trace elements. Overall, the organically grown crops had higher dry matter content than the integrated grown. However, when examining the data for the different crops contradictory results were noted. No significant differences due to growing system were noticed for vitamin C and the other nutrients except for 4 of the trace elements. The growing system did not influence the sensory properties.     

基于近红外光谱法的紫花苜蓿品质综合评价

探索近红外光谱法测定紫花苜蓿品质的可行性,采用近红外光谱法与常规方法对8个紫花苜蓿品种(系)的粗蛋白、粗脂肪、粗灰分、酸性洗涤纤维、中性洗涤纤维、钙、磷和干物质等8项指标进行测定。利用配对T检验、多重比较和回归分析等方法检验近红外光谱法测定结果的可行性,运用灰色关联度分析对苜蓿品质进行综合评价。结果表明,粗蛋白、粗灰分、中性洗涤纤维、酸性洗涤纤维、磷和干物质等6项指标用近红外光谱法测定可信度较高。紫花苜蓿品质评价指标可简化为粗蛋白、粗灰分、中性洗涤纤维、酸性洗涤纤维和干物质等5项。灰色关联度分析综合表现较好的苜蓿品种(系)有WL358、WL440HQ、WL656HQ和WL366HQ。     

萝卜各级分枝种子质量比较

对萝卜各级分枝种子质量检验表明，萝卜各级分枝种子质量不一，以主轴顶端和基部新发枝种子质量最差，3级分枝种子质量最好，2分枝和1级分枝稍次。各分枝种子播种后，幼苗质量与种子室内检验质量结果相统一，1级、2级、分枝种子收获量最多，分别为种子收获总量的45％和38％。     

Carvedilol in dogs with dilated cardiomyopathy

BACKGROUND: Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is characterized by reduced systolic function, heightened sympathetic tone, and high morbidity and mortality. Little is known regarding the safety and efficacy of beta-blocker treatment in dogs with DCM. HYPOTHESIS: Carvedilol improves echocardiographic and neurohormonal variables in dogs with DCM over a 4-month treatment period. METHODS: Prospective, placebo-controlled, double-blinded randomized study. Dogs with DCM underwent echocardiography, ECG, thoracic radiographs, and neurohormonal profiling, followed by titration onto carvedilol (0.3 mg/kg q12h) or placebo over a 4-week period and subsequently received 3 months of therapy. Primary study endpoints included left ventricular volume and function. RESULTS: Sixteen dogs received carvedilol and 7 received placebo. At study end, 13 carvedilol dogs and 5 placebo dogs were alive. There was no difference in the mean percentage change in left ventricular volume at end-diastole (LVVd), left ventricular end-systolic volume (LVVs), and ejection fraction (EF) between treatment groups, suggesting that both groups experienced similar amounts of disease progression. Carvedilol treatment did not result in significant changes in neurohormonal activation, radiographic heart size, heart rate, or owner perceived quality-of-life. Baseline B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) predicted dogs in the carvedilol-treated group that maintained or improved their EF over the study duration. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: Carvedilol administration did not improve echocardiographic or neurohormonal indicators of heart function. The lack of effect may be related to severity of disease, carvedilol dose, or brevity of follow-up time. Statistical power of the present study was adversely affected by a high fatality rate in study dogs and small sample size.     

铣削刀具不同磨损期振动信号的分维特征

提出了应用铣削刀具磨损工作状态下的振动加速度信号的关联维数来描述刀具不同磨损状态下的特征,进而实现对状态的监测、识别。试验证明,刀具磨损在相同状态下,振动信号具有相近的关联维数,在不同状态下则有明显的关联维数。因此,关联维数不仅可以作为状态监测与识别的重要依据,而且可以作为其他特征提取方法的补充。     

大气压等离子体处理对生菜种子萌发和生长发育的影响

利用自制新型大气压等离子体装置对生菜种子进行处理,研究了不同电压的大气压等离子体处理对生菜种子萌发、幼苗生长及产量品质的影响。试验结果表明:不同电压的等离子体处理对生菜种子萌发的影响效果不同。其中,5610和5950 V处理对种子的萌发有促进作用,种子的发芽势、发芽率、发芽指数、活力指数与对照相比均有所提高,而6290~7310 V处理则抑制了种子的萌发,且电压越高抑制效果越明显。同时,等离子体处理种子α-淀粉酶活性提高,电导率降低,幼苗地上部鲜干质量、地下部鲜干质量、根体积、根活力及过氧化物酶活性也有不同程度的增加。不同电压的等离子体处理促进了生菜定植后的生长发育,产量最高比CK提高12.52%;生菜的维生素C、叶绿素、硝酸盐、亚硝酸盐含量等品质也有所改善。综合来看,5610和5950 V的等离子体处理效果较优。