辣椒新品种平椒3号的选育

平椒3号是以自交系99101为母本,自交系9949为父本配制的早熟一代杂种。果实羊角形,青熟果深绿色,果纵径17.7cm,果肩径3.0cm,果肉厚0.25cm,平均单果质量29.5g,肉质脆嫩,辣味浓且有香味,商品性好。田间对疫病、炭疽病、病毒病的抗性明显优于猪大肠。露地栽培每667m2青椒产量为3700kg左右,适宜西北地区及四川、山西、湖南等嗜辣地区露地栽培。     

水杨酸与蔬菜作物抗性关系的研究进展

水杨酸在植物的抗病性方面发挥着重要的作用,近年来的研究表明,水杨酸在植物抗冷、热、盐、干旱、臭氧、重金属等环境胁迫方面有明显的作用。对近年来有关水杨酸在蔬菜抗逆境胁迫方面的研究进展进行综述,并提出一些研究思路。     

金属离子对霍山石斛类原球茎增殖及植株再生的影响

 采用单因素浓度试验和正交试验研究了Mg²⁺ 、Ca²⁺ 、Fe²⁺ 、Mn²⁺和Zn²⁺离子对液体培养霍山石斛类原球茎增殖的影响。结果表明, 5种金属离子对类原球茎增殖影响的主次顺序为Fe²⁺ >Mn²⁺ >Mg²⁺ >Ca²⁺ > Zn^{2 +} , 促进类原球茎增殖的优化组合为Mg²⁺ 1.5 mmol·L ^-1、Ca²⁺ 4.5 mmol·L ^-1、Fe²⁺ 0.1 mmol·L ^-1、Mn²⁺ 0.5 mmol·L ^-1、Zn²⁺ 0.06 mmol·L ^-1。经优化的液体培养基增殖的类原球茎能保持植株再生能力, 平均每克类原球茎增殖后可再生植株1 985.2株, 是相同时间内对照类原球茎再生植株数的4.2倍。     

山茶花红色素的提取及其性质初探

 初步探索了山茶花红色素的提取条件和理化性质, 结果表明, 用料液比1∶10 ( g/mL) 、pH 1(10%盐酸调) 的95%乙醇作提取剂, 在80℃恒温提取6 h, 提取效率较好。山茶花红色素属花色素苷类,pH值对色素影响明显, 在酸性条件下色泽具有热稳定性。光照能加快色素降解, 但与紫外光无关。金属离子Na⁺ 、Ca^{2 +} 、A1^{3 +} 、Cu^{2 +} 、Zn^{2 +}对色泽无影响, Fe^{3 +} 、Pb^{2 +}有不良影响。色素的抗氧化能力较差, 耐还原性较好。蔗糖、葡葡糖和盐等添加剂对色素无影响。     

葡萄实生树开花节位与内源激素变化的关系

 采用酶联免疫法( ELISA) 分析了巨峰葡萄2年生自然实生树不同节位芽中内源赤霉素(GA₃和GA_{4 + 7} ) 、吲哚乙酸( IAA) 、脱落酸(ABA) 、玉米素核苷(ZR) 和异戊基腺嘌呤( iPA) 的含量; 并对实生树自然条件下最低成花节位进行了调查。结果表明, 2年生巨峰实生树在20节左右进入生殖生长阶段, GA₃和GA_{4 + 7}的含量随着节位升高而降低, ABA的含量却急剧增加, 但在第31～35节又降到很低;ABA /GA₃和ABA /GA_{4 + 7}在16～20 节前变化不大, 而在此之后, 都一致表现出上升的趋势, 这反映了以GA₃或GA_{4 + 7}为基数的比值, 可以更明显地反应激素的变化及其与巨峰葡萄阶段转变的关系。     

贵州不同地区辣椒风味品质研究

本试验以贵州不同生态条件下生产的辣椒为材料,研究了它们的风味营养品质差异。结果表明:贵州凉水井和果落的鲜辣椒含水量最低,干物质含量高,差异显著。其中,毕节、花溪各地(果落、茅草、下坝、湖潮、燕楼)品质较佳;毕节和花溪地区的辣椒VC含量极高,粗脂肪含量较高,粗纤维含量较低;遵义地区、花溪地区辣椒素含量较高。     

Hybridization and in vitro culture of an orchid hybrid Ascocenda ‘Kangla’

The present study focuses on hybridization program involving two species belonging to two different vandaceous genera, viz., Ascocentrum ampullaceum (Roxb.) Schltr. var. auranticum, a narrow endemic orchid of Manipur and Vanda coerulea Griff., an endangered orchid of Appendix I of CITES (Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora), to synthesize the primary hybrid genus with intermediate and improved characters in the F₁ generation. Observations on the crossability in the present bigeneric cross between V. coerulea and A. auranticum had been achieved with 60% success when V. coerulea was taken as female parent. Murashige and Skoog (MS) basal medium at half-strength was effective for the development of the hybrid seedlings of V. coerulea × A. auranticum followed by Vacin and Went (VW) and Knudson C (KC) media. The best response of seedling growth was observed on MS medium at half-strength supplemented with 2.3 μM kinetin + 0.5 μM α-naphthalene acetic acid with maximum shoot height (2.7 cm), leaf number (4.6) and root number (4.1) after 150 days of inoculation. The survival percentage and growth performance of the seedlings were found to be higher (80% survival) in potting substrate consisting of brick:charcoal in the ratio 2:1 mulched with moss (Sphagnum sp.) than in potting substrate consisting of brick:charcoal:tree fern in the ratio 2:1:1. The first flowering was observed in the hybrid seedlings of V. coerulea × A. auranticum after 2 years of transfer to the ex vitro environment. Morphologically, the flowers differed from that of the parents clearly showing the success of the hybridization experiment. Registration of the hybrid has been made with the Royal Horticultural Society with the nomenclature Ascocenda ‘Kangla’ (No. T128725).     

Change in flower morphology of Torenia fournieri Lind. induced by forchlorfenuron application

We induced various flower morphologies in torenia (Torenia fournieri Lind.) by the application of forchlorfenuron (CPPU). Those morphologies were the combination of four basic morphological changes, the development of serrate petals, incised petals, a paracorolla, and an increased number of floral organs. These morphological changes occurred systematically depending on the floral stage at the time of CPPU application. Serrate petals were induced when CPPU was applied during the stages of corolla development, whereas application at younger stages induced petal incision. The serrate petal margin resulted from preferential proliferation of cells around the vascular bundles, whereas petal incision likely resulted from the lateral outgrowths of petal. A paracorolla was induced at the adaxial petal face when CPPU was applied between the sepal development stage and early corolla development. The paracorolla appears to have arisen from the lateral outgrowths of the stamen. The numbers of stamens, petals, and sepals increased when CPPU was applied at and before the differentiation of sex organs and the corolla. Enlargement of the floral meristem probably caused this increase. Application of N⁶-benzylaminopurine and zeatin did not induce these morphological changes.     

Diurnal variations in gas exchange,chlorophyll fluorescence quenching and light allocation in soybean leaves: The cause for midday depression in CO2 assimilation

Gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence quenching analysis were carried out to investigate the diurnal variations in photosynthesis and light allocation in leaves of soybean. Leaf net CO₂ assimilation rate showed a bimodal diurnal pattern and midday depression of CO₂ assimilation was observed at 13:00 h. Depression in CO₂ assimilation at midday was mostly attributed to non-stomatal limitation since the reduction in net CO₂ assimilation rate was not followed by significant reductions in stomatal conductance and intracellular CO₂ concentration. Midday depression in CO₂ assimilation was found to be associated with reversible inactivation of photosystem II reaction centers and increases of antenna heat dissipation and photorespiration in response to the high light intensity. It is likely that PS II down-regulation, heat dissipation and photorespiration co-operated together to prevent the chloroplast from photodamage.     

Water spray as a potential thinning agent for date palm flowers (Phoenix dactylifera L.) c.v. ‘Lulu’

Flower or fruit thinning is a critical cultural practice in the date palm production chain that affects fruit development, quality and yield and regulates tree yearly bearing. Development of a save and economic thinning agent for date palm is critically required especially under harsh conditions. During 2004 and 2005 seasons, water spray for 3 min was applied at different times following mechanical pollination on ‘Lulu’ date palm cultivar growing under Al-Ain oasis conditions. The results showed that water spray following pollination generally decreased fruit set percentage to different extent depending of the time of application. In this respect, the most effective treatment was water spray after 4 h following pollination. This treatment significantly decreased fruit set percentage (48%) compared to the control (79%), as the mean of both seasons. However, the other treatments including water spray 1 h before pollination also decreased fruit set percentage but to a lesser extent. Fruit quality characteristics especially fruit and flesh weight, length and diameter were significantly increased by water spray treatments during the 2004 season, in contrast to the 2005 season. Thinning with water significantly decreased both bunch weight and total yield per tree at the Tamr stage especially when applied after 4 h following pollination. To the best of our knowledge, this is a pioneer study investigating the role of water as a potential thinning agent for date palm flowers. The use of water spray as a save and economic thinner needs, however, more research work to justify the time following pollination and duration of application which may vary upon cultivar, method of pollination and district.