对云南省生态保护红线评估工作的思考

生态保护红线划定是党中央治国理政坚强意志和决心战略,是国土空间规划编制的3条控制线之一,科学评估生态保护红线是落实中央战略意志,实施国土空间管控,促进地方管理事务协调发展的重要举措。文中阐述云南省现有生态保护红线划定情况,分析尚存在着的生态保护红线与现状地类、规划、各类矿业权的交叉冲突以及与自然保护地矛盾冲突等问题,挖掘存在问题的原因,从评估目标、技术准备、评估工作的组织实施以及自然保护地调整、生态保护红线调整、3条控制线重叠的协调等方面对生态保护红线评估工作进行研讨。     

PPARγ mediates effects of diosgenin on proliferation and apoptosis in human glioblastoma U87MG cells

AIM:To investigate the effect of diosgenin (Dio) on the proliferation, apoptosis and expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) in human glioblastoma U87MG cells and its possible mechanism. METHODS:Human astrocytes (HA) and U87MG cells were cultured in vitro and treated with Dio (0, 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 μmol/L) and GW9662 (5 μmol/L) for 48 h, and then the cell viability was detected by CCK-8 assay. Cell colony formation assay was used to assess the proliferation potential. Flow cytometry was used to analyze the cell cycle distribution and apoptosis. The mRNA expression level of PPARγ was measured by RT-PCR. Western blot was used to determine the protein levels of PPARγ, cyclin D1, cyclin E1, Bcl-2 and Bax. RESULTS:Dio had no significant influence on the viabi-lity of HA (P>0.05). However, Dio remarkably reduced the viability of U87MG cells in a dose-dependent manner (P<0.05) with IC₅₀ of 24.31 μmol/L. Meanwhile, Dio remarkably diminished colony formation ability (P<0.05), induced G₀/G₁ phase arrest of the cell cycle and apoptosis (P<0.05), up-regulated the expression of PPARγ at mRNA and protein levels, increased the protein level of Bax (P<0.05), and down-regulated the protein levels of cyclin D1, cyclin E1 and Bcl-2 (P<0.05) in a dose-dependent manner. However, these effects induced by Dio were inhibited by GW9662 (P<0.05), a specific inhibitor of PPARγ. CONCLUSION:Dio may inhibit proliferation and induce apoptosis in human glioblastoma U87MG cells most likely via up-regulating the expression of PPARγ, and then down-regulating the protein levels of cyclin D1, cyclin E1 and Bcl-2, and up-regulating the protein level of Bax.     

我国水稻生产技术经济评价研究综述

为了明确水稻生产技术的经济特征,推动生产技术应用研究的深入。该研究从水稻生产技术经济评价内容、评价方法等方面对水稻生产技术经济评价的研究成果进行综述,以期为水稻生产技术改进提供重要依据,为促进农民增收和保障国家粮食安全作出贡献。     

铲头堆砂白蚁原始繁殖蚁形成的周期

铲头堆砂白蚁Cryptotermes declivis Tsai et Chen是破坏木材及木制品的重要干木白蚁,其有翅成虫通过分飞配对后建立新群体,是其重要繁殖扩散途径。本文对铲头堆砂白蚁原始繁殖蚁形成周期进行了研究。以似桂木Paratocarpus sp.、团花Anthocephalus chinensis(Lam.) Rich. et Walp.和球花豆Parkia sp.作为该种白蚁食料,研究其原始繁殖蚁配对后从新建群体的形成到产生下一代的原始繁殖蚁,完成1个世代生活周期。结果表明,铲头堆砂白蚁在室温下,新建群体的形成、发展、发育至下一代原始繁殖蚁形成的周期约5 a,不同寄主材料对铲头堆砂白蚁生活周期没有显著性影响,但与群体数量多少显著相关。本研究首次明确了铲头堆砂白蚁群体发育成熟的周期,对该害虫的检疫与防控研究具有重要参考价值。     

基于点评估方法的两广地区番木瓜中农药残留膳食暴露风险研究

为评估两广地区番木瓜中主要农药的残留情况及其产生的风险,采集了广东、广西地区40个生产基地的番木瓜样品进行测试分析,研究其生产过程中使用的杀虫剂、杀菌剂、杀螨剂和植物生长调节剂等各种农药残留情况,并对我国不同人群的膳食暴露风险进行了评估。结果显示,40批次番木瓜中检出农药残留32批次;在检出的32份番木瓜样品中,检出率超过10%的有咪鲜胺、吡虫啉、多菌灵、啶虫脒和苯醚甲环唑5种农药,检出率分别为51.1%、21.5%、13.3%、11.1%、10.9%。采用点评估方法,选择检出率在10%以上的咪鲜胺、吡虫啉、多菌灵、啶虫脒和苯醚甲环唑,进行农药残留慢性膳食摄入风险（%ADI）评估、急性膳食摄入风险（%ARfD）评估,并进行不同消费人群暴露点评估。结果显示：检出的5种农药%ADI均低于100.00%,为0.00023%~0.0059%;%ARfD远低于100%,为0.50%~28.3%,5种农药的急性和慢性摄入风险均为儿童高于成年人,绝大多数女性的摄入风险高于男性;5种农药急性摄入风险均高于慢性摄入风险,风险水平由高到低为咪鲜胺>啶虫脒>苯醚甲环唑>多菌灵>吡虫啉,但点评估结果均远低于100%,说明通过食用番木瓜摄入的农药残留极其微量,不会对人体产生急性或慢性风险。     

云南农耕文化朴素生态思想断裂的历史评价

生态文明既是人类发展的文化成果，也是人类发展的必然趋势。对朴素生态思想作出正确的判断和历史的检视，不仅有利于准确认识传统生态观，检视其不足，而且有利于理清生态文明建设的发展方向，走人与自然和谐发展的生态文明之路。     

基于改进萤火虫算法的投影寻踪太湖水质综合评价

针对水质评价中指标的多样性及不相容性,提出了基于改进的萤火虫算法的投影寻踪水质评价方法。该方法根据水质标准等级样本集所划分的标准,构建投影指标函数,并用改进的萤火虫算法进行优化,使搜索步长逐步减小,寻优后期也可具有良好的局部搜索能力,得到最佳投影方向,使综合评价结果能够客观准确地反映出水质状况。运用该方法对太湖的水质数据进行综合评价,并与传统方法综合评分法(F值法)得到的结果进行对比,评价结果更符合当地水质状况实际情况,且对水质等级划分更为清晰。     

Energy use and greenhouse gas emissions from turf management of two Swedish golf courses

Turf management on golf courses entails frequent maintenance activities, such as mowing, irrigation and fertilisation, and relies on purchased inputs for optimal performance and aesthetic quality. Using life cycle assessment (LCA) methodology, this study evaluated energy use and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from management of two Swedish golf courses, divided into green, tee, fairway and rough, and identified options for improved management. Energy use and GHG emissions per unit area were highest for greens, followed by tees, fairways and roughs. However, when considering the entire golf course, both energy use and GHG emissions were mainly related to fairway and rough maintenance due to their larger area. Emissions of GHG for the two golf courses were 1.0 and 1.6 Mg CO₂e ha⁻¹ year⁻¹ as an area-weighted average, while the energy use was 14 and 19 GJ ha⁻¹ year⁻¹. Mowing was the most energy-consuming activity, contributing 21 and 27% of the primary energy use for the two golf courses. In addition, irrigation and manufacturing of mineral fertiliser and machinery resulted in considerable energy use. Mowing and emissions associated with fertilisation (manufacturing of N fertiliser and soil emissions of N₂O occurring after application) contributed most to GHG emissions. Including the estimated mean annual soil C sequestration rate for fairway and rough in the assessment considerably reduced the carbon footprint for fairway and turned the rough into a sink for GHG. Emissions of N₂O from decomposition of grass clippings may be a potential hotspot for GHG emissions, but the high spatial and temporal variability of values reported in the literature makes it difficult to estimate these emissions for specific management regimes. Lowering the application rate of N mineral fertiliser, particularly on fairways, should be a high priority for golf courses trying to reduce their carbon footprint. However, measures must be adapted to the prevailing conditions at the specific golf course and the requirements set by golfers.     

雪灾对农业影响的损失评估

为了分析雪灾对宁波市农业影响的损失,并对其进行评估。本研究选取宁波市2014年一次降雪过程,基于自然灾害理论,综合考虑形成雪灾损失的危险性、暴露性、脆弱性和防灾减灾能力,将遥感、地理信息技术与雪灾损失相结合构建雪灾损失评估模型。结合土地利用类型图,提取农业用地,将雪灾对农业影响的损失区域划分为低损失、中损失和高损失,并进行分区评述。结果表明:余姚市的积雪覆盖面积最大,且雪灾各损失等级所占面积均最大,受灾最严重;海曙区、江东区和江北区无积雪覆盖,无雪灾损失。雪灾高损失区域主要位于海拔较高的余姚南部和鄞州西部山区。     

环境管制政策的实施效果评价——以九龙江流域"限猪令"为例

环境管制一直是我国环境污染治理所采取的主要政策之一,对我国的环境保护起到了一定的积极作用,同时也存在一些弊端,致使其成效不甚显著甚至背离初始目标.在此情况下,如何评价环境管制政策绩效具有重要的理论和实际意义.本文以九龙江流域"限猪令"政策为例,选取政策目标实现度、主要环保指标实现、环保投入效益、公众参与及满意度四个方面...